199,301 research outputs found
Ecology of Fishes in Tasek Bera, Pahang, Malaysia / Fatimah Abdullah
No full textThe ecology of fishes was investigated in Tasek Bera (Lake Bera), a peat swamp ecosystem with three major habitats: (i) swamp forest dominated by Eugenia, (ii) Reed
(Lepironia) and clumps of Pandanus stands and (iii) open waters fringed by submerged Utricularia. Limnological information and fish fauna of the lake was determined and
the association of both data was done using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).Mean values of water quality parameters for the entire study period (April 2004 to
December 2005) were as follows: water temperature = 29.540 C ± 1.15; total suspended solids (TSS) = 19.38 mg/L ± 28.32; total dissolved solids (TDS) = 31.64 mg/L ± 4.87;
turbidity = 8.03 NTU ± 4.61; conductivity = 44.85 μS/cm ± 5.65; dissolved oxygen(DO) = 3.66 mg/L ± 1.28; pH = 5.77 ± 0.76; hydrogen sulphide = 1.11 μg/L ± 3.16; nitrite = 4.63 μg/L ± 9.81; ammonium = 67.80 μg/L ± 66.71; ammonia = 0.38 μg/L ± 0.46. There were statistically significant differences in values of water quality parameters across sampling stations and depths. Only TSS, TDS, conductivity and DO were not significantly different during three sampling times (0600, 1400 and 2200 hours). Temperature and conductivity were higher compared to 30 years ago. Whereas,
pH, nitrite and ammonium were lower than 30 years ago.
The ichthyofaunal composition of Tasek Bera based on museum collections and present collections of fish revealed that 95 species representing 22 families were known to
inhabit the wetlands. Four species were considered to be locally extinct, while 66 species were considered to be extremely rare or rare. The rare and much sought after
Asian bonytongue, Scleropages formosus was still present as it was collected during the sampling effort. Botia hymenophysa which was recorded as a dominant species in the
past is now difficult to find. Fourteen species were recorded for the first time in the area.They include: Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus, Boraras maculates, Chela laubuca,Epalzeorhynchos kalopterus, Macrochirichthys macrochirus and Osteochilus microcephalus of the family Cyprinidae; Acanthopsoides molobrion,Lepidocephalichthys furcatus and Pangio malayana of the family Cobitidae; Channa
gachua of the family Channidae; Kryptopterus moorei of the family Siluridae; Akysis alfredi of the family Akysidae; Macrognathus maculatus of the family Mastacembelidae and Betta waseri of the family Osphronemidae. The most common
species were Labiobarbus festivus and Cyclocheilichtys apogon both from the family Cyprinidae. Based on past and current studies, a total of 144 species has been reported
from Tasek Bera includes several doubtful occurrences and incomplete identification.The vertical distribution of fishes investigated at 11 study sites by using vertical
gill nets revealed that Lubuk Salleh has the highest diversity and biomass compared to other study sites. Cyprinids Labiobarbus festivus (ikan kawan) and Hampala
macrolepidota (ikan sebarau) were found at all sites. Barbonymus schwanenfeldii,Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Hampala macrolepidota, Labiobarbus festivus and Kryptopterus apogon occurred at almost all depth layers. Depth 0 to 1 m had the highest diversity followed by depth 2 to 3 m and depth 1 to 2 m. Catch per unit effort (CPUE)and abundance of species were much higher during evening and night compared to the
early part of the day. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that depth,dissolved oxygen and pH were the most important factors influencing the vertical
distribution of the fish species.The most successful species in Tasek Bera, Labiobarbus festivus has inferior
mouth with upper and lower jaws protrusive and toothless. Both jaws have truncate unculi with polygonal borders. The gill has short gill rakers with the space between
adjacent rakers not very closely packed. Relative Important Index (%) of L. festivus diet show that algae represented 55.7%, followed by detritus and plant (26.8%) and
zooplankton (17.5%). Bacillariophyta is the most important component in term of,number, whereas detritus and plant contributed more than 50% in terms of volume.From the recent study L. festivus can be generalised as an omnivore
Lactarius indoviolaceus I. Bera & K. Das 2022, sp. nov.
No full textLactarius indoviolaceus I. Bera & K. Das sp. nov. Figs. 2, 3 MycoBank:— MB 844780 GenBank:— ON951745 (nrITS, Holotype) and ON951747 (nrITS) Diagnosis:—A medium-sized Lactarius that can be separated from its closest relative, L. pyriodorus with its non-zonate, greyish yellow pileus and yellowish white stipe which turn pale violet on bruising or exposure of the context, much thinner pileipellis, and growth under Castanopsis spp. Type:— INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district: Shergaon, N 27°07.810’ E 092°15.116’, Elev. 2243 m, 22 July 2019, I . Bera & K. Das, IB 19-015 (CAL 1876, holotype!). Etymology:—The epithet refers to the basidiomata staining pale violet on bruising and occurring in India. Description:— Pileus 65–75 mm diam., planoconvex with a deep central depression; surface moist, very greasy, finely and faintly rugulose in the centre, greyish yellow (4B3) at centre, lighter towards margin; margin regular, entire, smooth, incurved. Lamellae subdecurrent, close (10 L+l /cm at pilear margin), sometimes forked; lamellulae present, in 5 series; edge entire; yellowish grey (3–4B3), immediately turning pale violet (17A3) on bruising. Stipe 120–140 × 2–2.5 mm, central, cylindric with much broader base; surface viscid, finely rugulose, yellowish white (1–2A2) changing to pale violet on bruising, white mycelium present at the base. Context in pileus thin, pithy in stipe, yellowish white (1A2), almost immediately turning pale violet to greyish violet (17A–B3) on exposure, dull green (27E4) in KOH, brownish in guaiac and unchanging in FeSO 4. Latex moderate, watery white, turning cut lamellae pale violet. Taste very bitter. Odor pleasant. Spore print not obtained. Basidiospores 6.0– 7.5 –9.5 × 5.0– 6.3 –8.0 μm, (n = 30, Q = 1.14– 1.26 –1.49), subglobose to ellipsoid; ornamentation amyloid, up to 0.8–1.1 µm high, composed of isolated or aligned warts and ridges to form an incomplete reticulum; suprahilar spot inamyloid. Basidia 44.2–59.0 × 11.7–12.5 µm, subclavate, 4-spored; sterigmata 4.0–5.0 × 1.2–1.4 µm. Pleuromacrocystidia abundant, 58.0–103 × 7.9–11.0 µm, emergent up to 40.3 µm, subcylindric with fusoid, subfusoid, mucronate, capitate, subcapitate to appendiculate apices, thin-walled; content dense, crystalline, needlelike. Pleuropseudocystidia scarce to abundant, up to 3 µm wide, emergent, cylindrical to slightly tortuous, with rounded apex. Lamellae edge fertile with basidia and basidioles. Cheilomacrocystidia not found. Subhymenium up to 10.5 µm thick, cellular. Hymenophoral trama composed of lactifers and nests of sphaerocytes connected with connecting hyphae. Pileipellis up to 173.5 µm thick, an ixocutis to ixotrichoderm composed of interwoven, septate, mostly ascending hyphae (8.6–29.2 × 2.0–3.0 μm) intermixed with lactiferous hyphae. Stipitipellis up to 70.2 μm thick, an ixocutis, composed of interwoven, septate hyphae (7.5–27 × 1.2–1.5 μm). Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Habitat and distribution:—Growing solitary on soil in association with Castanopsis sp. in West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. Additional specimen examined:— INDIA. Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng district: Shergaon, N 27°09.216’, E 092°16.174’, Elev. 2369 m, 26 July 2019, I . Bera & K. Das, IB 19-066 (CAL 1877).Published as part of Bera, Ishika, Das, Kanad & Datta, Bejoysekhar, 2022, A new species of Lactarius sect. Uvidi (Russulaceae) from India, pp. 203-212 in Phytotaxa 576 (2) on page 206, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/746132
Police oversight in the light of the human rights guardian (ombudsman)
No full textNadzor nad policijo je v Republiki Sloveniji razvejan in normativno porazdeljen. Deli se na formalni in neformalni nadzor oziroma notranji in zunanji nadzor, kjer notranjega izvajajo pooblaščeni uslužbenci Vlade oziroma policije, zunanjega pa neodvisni pooblaščeni nadzorniki. Skozi zgodovino se je nadzor nad policijo (kot sama organizacija policije) veliko spreminjal in dopolnjeval, z namenom izboljšave sistema. Velik pomen ima interni nadzor, nepogrešljiv pa je zunanji nadzor, kjer se osredotočamo na nadzor Varuha človekovih pravic. Zaznati je razlike v sistemih, glede na njihov potek dela, pristojnosti ter hierarhično razmerje. Neodvisni nadzor torej opravlja institucija Varuha človekovih pravic, kjer ima ta pravico do vpogleda v tajne dokumente in informacije, do vpoklica zaposlenih k pomoči in razgovoru. Varuh tudi izdaja mnenja in priporočila, ki jih predstavi v svojih rednih letnih poročilih, ob tem pa spremlja odziv Vlade na njegova priporočila. Ob spremembi družbenih norm zaradi situacije Covid-19 se pojavi vprašanje legitimnosti ter zakonitosti policijskih pooblastil, ter vprašanje, kako učinkovito je bil oziroma bo opravljen nadzor nad policijo. V tem diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na omenjeni obliki nadzora, bolj podrobno pa na nadzor, ki ga opravlja Varuh človekovih pravic.Police oversight in the Republic of Slovenia is brancehd and normatively distributed. It is divided between a formal and informal oversight (or suprevision), in other words internal and external. The internal oversight is perforemd by the government or police officials, the external by independed external supervisors. Through history, oversight (as well as the police organisation) was many times changed and processed, for the reason of bettering the system. The internal supervision is of great importance, the external also can not be overlooked, here we are focusing on the oversight of the human rights Guardian (or Ombudsman). Difference can be found between the two systems, regarding the workflow, authorizations and hierarchical relationship. The institution of the human rights Ombudsam has the right to look in to confidential documents and information, to call employees to help and to conversation. The Guardian also publishes his opinions and recommendations, which are presented in his regular yearly reports, furthermore, he monitors the governments replys to his recommendations. With the change of society norms because of the situation with Covid-19 appears the question of legitimacy and legality of police authorizations, and the question of how effective was the police ofersight during this time. In this thesis we were focusing on the mentioned forms of supervision, more specifically on the supervision, that is performed by the human rights Guardian
Structural calculation of steel warehouse with SCIA engineer software
No full textNamen diplomskega dela je statični preračun ter dimenzioniranje jeklenega skladišča za domačo rabo in za možno oddajanje paletnih mest. Preračun smo izvedli v programskem paketu Scia Engineer 15.3, in sicer na podlagi predhodnih preračunov obremenitev ter podanih dimenzij same konstrukcije. Predhodni preračun je potekal po smernicah Evrokoda 1, ki je standard za obremenitve konstrukcij. Omenjeni preračun je pomenil osnovo za realizacijo projekta, torej za postavitev takšnega skladišča. Skladišče bi postavili doma ob že obstoječi objektsprva bi služilo za domače namene – rešitev za pomanjkanje prostora, kasneje pa mogoče kot skladišče okoliškim podjetjem, ki nimajo skladiščnih kapacitet. To idejo smo dobili zaradi vse večjega povpraševanja okoliških podjetij po skladiščih s prostimi paletnimi mesti.
Želeli smo čim manj zahtevno izdelavo, zato smo se odločili za enostaven okvir enokapnice. Jekleni objekt bi namreč postavili poleg že obstoječega objekta. Glede na želje in statične preračune smo izbrali ustrezne nosilne profile. Vse je bilo statično dokazano in ne preobremenjeno.The purpose of my diploma thesis is to structurally calculate and properly dimension a steel warehouse for domestic use and the possibility of renting out pallet spaces. The calculation was done with the Scia Engineer 15.3 software. The calculation itself was based on transitional calculations of stresses and given dimensions of the construction itself, while the transitional calculation was based on the Eurocode 1 guidelines, which are a standard for structural stress. The whole calculation is my basis for erecting such a warehouse. It would be erected against a pre-existing facility and would serve as a storage space for our domestic needs, while maintaining the possibility of commercialisation of the warehouse for the needs of nearby businesses, which do not have sufficient storage capacities. I have stumbled across this idea, because there is a growing demand for warehouses with available pallet spaces.
Pursuing the idea of a simplified design I have decided to make a simple one-pitch roof frame, as the steel structure would be built against an existing facility. Based on the wishes and structural calculations I have chosen the proper supporting beams. Naturally, everything has been calculated to withstand the structural stresses.
Detecting Low Frequency Hearing Loss with low-CHIRP-BERA
No full textIn der frühkindlichen Hördiagnostik und zur Erhebung akustischer Kenndaten bei der kindlichen Hörgeräteanpassung sind objektive Diagnostikverfahren zur Ermittlung der tieffrequenten Hörschwelle erforderlich. Im Rahmen des Kompetenzzentrum HÖRTECH für Hörgerätesystemtechnik -Teilprojekt V "fitting" wurden objektive Verfahren im Rahmen der Hörgeräteversorgung bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern entwickelt. Der von Dau et al. und Wegner et al. entwickelte Chirp gestattet eine synchrone Anregung der Cochlea. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Evaluation eines modifizierten Chirp-Signales für die objektive Schwellbestimmung unterhalb von 1000 Hz.Das ERA-Diagnostiksystem "evoselect" (Softwareversion 5.0.10) der Firma Pilot-Blankenfelde ist ein externes DSP-Messmodul, welches von einem IBM kompatiblen Rechner gesteuert wird. Es bietet die Möglichkeit zur Stimulation, Ableitung, Registrierung, Darstellung und Auswertung von AEP. In diesem System sind mehrere Messarten integriert. Zur Ermittlung von frequenzspezifischen Schwellen stehen Notched-Noise-BERA, ASSR-BERA und Chirp-BERA zur Verfügung. Der tieffrequente Chirp-Reiz (low-CHIRP) wurde realisiert im Frequenzbereich von 100 bis 850 Hz. Zur Vermeidung von basal spread of excitation wurde ein Hochpassrauschen hinzugefügt, in dem ein digital erzeugtes weißes Rauschen mit dem Butterworth-Hochpassfilter 10-ter Ordnung, der Grenzfrequenz von 850 Hz, digital gefiltert wurde.Es wurden Evaluationsmessungen an normalhörenden erwachsenen Probanden (n=15) mittels Tonaudiogramm, NN-BERA bei 500 Hz, ASSR-BERA bei 500 Hz und der low-CHIRP-BERA durchgeführt. Die ermittelten Schwellen betrugen für die NN-BERA bei 500 Hz µ=18,33 dB HL (sigma=10,97 dB HL), für die ASSR-BERA bei 500 Hz µ=31,67 dB HL (sigma=12,63 dB HL) und mit der low-CHIRP-BERA µ=3,33 dB HL (sigma=4,50 dB HL).Das Design des modifizierten Chirp-Signals, Ruhehörschwellen der verwendeten Signale und Ergebnisse der darauf aufbauenden Hörgeräteanpassungen bei Kleinkindern werden präsentiert. Es scheint sich bereits jetzt anzudeuten, dass die low-CHIRP-BERA ein geeignetes und praktikables Verfahren zur Abschätzung des tieffrequenten Hörverlustes sowie zur Erfassung der Hörreste im apikalen Cochleabereich darstellt
A Simple Representation of the Bera-Jarque-Lee Test for Probit Models
No full textThe inference in probit models relies on the assumption of normality. However, tests of this assumption are not implemented in standard econometric software. Therefore, the paper presents a simple representation of the Bera-Jarque-Lee test, that does not require any matrix algebra. Furthermore, the representation is used to compare the Bera-Jarque- Lee test with the RESET-type test proposed by Papke and Wooldridge (1996).probit model, Lagrange multiplier test, normality assumption, artificial regression
Jarque-Bera test and its competitors for testing normality: A power comparison
No full textFor testing normality we investigate the power of several tests, first of all, the well known test of Jarque and Bera (1980) and furthermore the tests of Kuiper (1960) and Shapiro and Wilk (1965) as well as tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises type. The tests on normality are based, first, on independent random variables (model I) and, second, on the residuals in the classical linear regression (model II). We investigate the exact critical values of the Jarque-Bera test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises tests, in the latter case for the original and standardized observations where the unknown parameters u and o have to be estimated. The power comparison is carried out via Monte Carlo simulation assuming the model of contaminated normal distributions with varying parameters u and o and different proportions of contamination. It turns out that for the Jarque-Bera test the approximation of critical values by the chi-square distribution does not work very well. The test is superior in power to its competitors for symmetric distributions with medium up to long tails and for slightly skewed distributions with long tails. The power of the Jarque-Bera test is poor for distributions with short tails, especially if the shape is bimodal, sometimes the test is even biased. In this case a modification of the Cramer-von Mises test or the Shapiro-Wilk test may be recommended. --goodness-of-fit tests, tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramervon Mises type, Shapiro-Wilk test, Kuiper test, skewness, kurtosis, contaminated normal distribution, Monte-Carlo simulation, critical values, power comparison
Normality Testing- A New Direction
No full textAbstract This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the performance of the normality tests to ensure the validity of the t-statistics used for assessing significance of regressors in a regression model. For this purpose, we have explored 40 distributions to find the most damaging distribution on the t-statistic. Power comparisons are conducted to find the best performing test against these distributions. It is found that Anderson-Darling statistic is the best option among the five normality tests, Jarque-Bera, Shapiro-Francia, D’Agostino & Pearson, Anderson-Darling & Lilliefors.Normality test, power of the test, t-statistic
An Efficient Strategy for Quinazolinone and Benzimidazole Synthesis Using Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Amines
No full textMicrowave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as an effective technique for accelerating chemical reactions while enhancing efficiency and selectivity. In this study, we developed a copper-catalyzed method for aerobic oxidative coupling to synthesize quinazolinones and benzimidazoles, using oxone as the oxidant under microwave irradiation. This method successfully couples amines with various partners, including 2-aminobenzamides and o-phenylenediamines. The strategy demonstrates broad substrate compatibility, exhibits good functional group tolerance, and consistently achieves moderate yields, making it a versatile and efficient approach for synthesizing heterocycles
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