14 research outputs found
On the role of feedback in network coding
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-149).Network coding has emerged as a new approach to operating communication networks, with a promise of improved efficiency in the form of higher throughput, especially in lossy conditions. In order to realize this promise in practice, the interfacing of network coding with existing network protocols must be understood well. Most current protocols make use of feedback in the form of acknowledgments (ACKs) for reliability, rate control and/or delay control. In this work, we propose a way to incorporate network coding within such a feedback-based framework, and study the various benefits of using feedback in a network coded system. More specifically, we propose a mechanism that provides a clean interface between network coding and TCP with only minor changes to the protocol stack, thereby allowing incremental deployment. In our scheme, the source transmits random linear combinations of packets currently in the TCP congestion window. At the heart of our scheme is a new interpretation of ACKs - the receiver acknowledges every degree of freedom (i.e., a linear combination that reveals one unit of new information) even if it does not reveal an original packet immediately. Such ACKs enable a TCP-compatible sliding-window implementation of network coding. Thus, with feedback, network coding can be performed in a completely online manner, without the need for batches or generations. Our scheme has the nice feature that packet losses on the link can be essentially masked from the congestion control algorithm by adding enough redundancy in the encoding process.(cont.) This results in a novel and effective approach for congestion control over networks involving lossy links such as wireless links. Our scheme also allows intermediate nodes to perform re-encoding of the data packets. This in turn leads to a natural way of running TCP flows over networks that use multipath opportunistic routing along with network coding. We use the new type of ACKs to develop queue management algorithms for coded networks, which allow the queue size at nodes to track the true backlog in information with respect to the destination. We also propose feedback-based adaptive coding techniques that are aimed at reducing the decoding delay at the receivers. Different notions of decoding delay are considered, including an order-sensitive notion which assumes that packets are useful only when delivered in order. We study the asymptotic behavior of the expected queue size and delay, in the limit of heavy traffic.by Jay Kumar Sundararajan.Ph.D
Detection and mitigation technique against collusion attack in RPL-Based IoT networks
No full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology used in applications varying from home- and industrial automation to medical devices, smart vehicles, fitness trackers and many more. Such IoT networks often consist of incredibly resource-constrained devices, and are known as Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). The Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) aims to provide a routing standard for such networks. Due to the tough performance constraints, RPL is unable to provide strong security guarantees. Many researchers are posing attacks against RPL-based networks, and with the increasing number of implementing devices, it is important that research is done to ensure message integrity and network reliability. In this paper we concern ourselves specifically with collusion attacks. We propose Hop-Count Reachability (HCR), a mitigating method against the coordinated blackhole attack. In HCR, leaf nodes periodically ping the root node with DAO messages. If the root node is reachable, it will reply with a DAO-ACK, upon which the leaf node sleeps for a period of time. When the number of missed ACKs in a certain time frame exceeds a certain threshold, the affected node may identify the attack and mitigate it by selecting a new parent. HCR may increase control packet overhead anywhere between 1.6 and 25\% depending on the chosen parameters, and successfully mitigates the coordinated blackhole attack in all scenarios where affected nodes can choose an (eventually) unaffected parent.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
Cross-layer aware transport protocols for wireless networks
No full textThis dissertation addresses the problem of reliable file transfer over single-hop and multi-hop shared-media wireless networks which are generally characterized by fluctuating bandwidth and error characteristics. Traditional reliable file transport protocols such as TCP assume relatively slow-varying links and were not generally designed to deal with interference problems of shared media wireless networks. The large performance gap between unreliable UDP and reliable TCP motivates the investigation of new transport protocols that might achieve significantly faster file transfer than TCP on wireless media.
CLAP - a Cross Layer Aware transport Protocol has been developed as a general solution for reliable file transfer, with decoupled flow control and error control to accommodate time-varying links. Error control in CLAP was designed to minimize interference and round-trip time estimation. Flow control in the proposed transport protocol leverages MAC status information via a novel cross-layer software framework (CLF), developed to provide systematic access to intra-node and inter-node status information.
Single hop evaluations, which consider an 802.11b wireless LAN with wired backhaul, were carried out using both NS2 simulations and ORBIT test-bed experiments. In time-varying, high loss scenarios, TCP shuts down operation without MAC retries, while an early CLAP version (CLAP-beta) achieves over 68% of upper-bound UDP performance. In noise-free scenarios, a "skip-ACKs" TCP modification to reduce interference achieves limited gains since TCP flow control depends on regular ACKs, while CLAP-beta approaches peak UDP performance by fully using the bandwidth available.
Multi-hop evaluations with NS2 simulations consider a 3-hop primary path in a 4x4 wireless mesh over 802.11b single-channel interfaces. Occasional background flows and on-off channel noise injection produce bandwidth and error fluctuations. These simulations expose the general multi-hop wireless problem where self interference in the forward path significantly reduces end-to-end bandwidth. Increasing interference and random packet losses tend to degrade TCP performance even more significantly than in 1-hop scenarios. Here, CLAP-final with improvements (relative to CLAP-beta) to reduce dependence on RTT estimation achieves over 90% of UDP performance in a variety of time-varying conditions.
This thesis demonstrates the efficacy of reliable file transfer using CLAP to address interference and time-varying links in both single- and multi-hop wireless network scenarios. Future research opportunities include cross-layer techniques for error control, efficient inter-node protocols for CLF, and tighter integration with mesh network routing protocols.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).by Sumathi Gopa
A collaborative defense mechanism against SYN flooding attacks in IP networks
No full textSYN flooding exploits the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) three-way handshake process by sending many connection requests using spoofed source IP addresses to a victim's host. This keeps that host from handling legitimate requests, causing it to populate its backlog queue with forged TCP connections. In this article, we propose a novel defense mechanism that makes use of the edge routers that are associated with the spoofed IP addresses' networks to determine whether the incoming SYN-ACK segment is valid. This is accomplished by maintaining a matching table of the outgoing SYNs and incoming SYN-ACKs and also by using the ARP protocol. If an incoming SYN-ACK segment is not valid, the edge router resets the connection at the victim's host, freeing up an entry in the victim's backlog queue, and enabling it to accept other legitimate incoming connection requests. We also present a communication protocol to encourage collaboration between various networks to protect each other. We evaluated the performance of our proposed approach and studied its impact on the network. Our experimental and simulation results showed the efficiency of our proposed collaborative defense mechanism. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[Anonymous], 2006, NS 2 SIMULATOR; *CERT, 1998, CA199801 CERT; CHEN YW, 2000, P NETW OP MAN S 2000, P593; *CISC SYST INC, 1998, CISC SEC ADV 7XX ROU; Cisco Systems Inc., 1999, DEF STRAT PROT TCP S; Crosby S.A., 2003, P 12 USENIX SEC S, P29; Ferguson P., 2000, RFC2827; GONCALVES M, 1999, CHECK POINT FIREWALL, V1; Hu YP, 2004, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT AND ENERGY CONSERVATION, VOLS 1 AND 2, P39; Jin C., 2003, P 10 ACM C COMP COMM, P30; Kargl F., 2001, P 10 INT C WORLD WID, P514, DOI 10.1145-371920.372148; Karig D., 2001, CEL2001002 PRINC U D; KEROMYTIS AD, 2003, IEEE J SELECTED AREA; LEMON J, 2002, P USENIX BSDC 02 C F; LEVINE JR, 1992, O REILLY MEDIA; libpcap, 2011, LIBPCAP PACKET CAPTU; MACCLURE S, 1999, HACKING EXPOSED NETW; *NISCC, 2006, 012006 NISCC; NOURELDEIN NA, P TENCON 2000, P259; Ohsita Y., 2005, Proceedings. 14th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IEEE Cat. No. 05EX1184), DOI 10.1109-ICCCN.2005.1523897; Paxson V, 2001, ACM SIGCOMM COMP COM, V31, P38, DOI 10.1145-505659.505664; Postel J., 1981, 792 RFC; Schuba CL, 1997, P IEEE S SECUR PRIV, P208, DOI 10.1109-SECPRI.1997.601338; Stevens R., 1994, TCP IP ILLUSTRATED, V1; TUPAKULA UK, 2004, P IEEE GLOB TEL C GL, P2240; VENEMA W, TCP WRAPPER NETWORK; WANG H, 2002, P 22 INT C DISTR COM, P421; Wangs H, 2002, P IEEE INFOCOM 2002, P1530; Zuquete A., 2002, P 6 IFIP COMM MULT S, P57; CYBER CRIME TARGETS; SUNS TCP SYN FLOODIN72
Mechanism of STMN2 cryptic splice-polyadenylation and its correction for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
No full textMeasuring psychological wellbeing and mental health in university student cohorts
No full text• We ran cross-sector consensus groups to provide guidance on the setup of longitudinal student cohorts.
• Consensus was reached that a core set of areas should be measured, including: general psychological symptoms, general wellbeing symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms.
• Consensus groups also recommended a wider set of topics that commonly affect students which can be measured; for example, functioning, loneliness, and sleep difficulties.
• Multiple candidate measures for each topic are reported so that researchers can select the most appropriate measure for their particular study.
• To help researchers make selections, each candidate measure has been evaluated against 10 core principles, such as psychometric properties, and acceptability to students
Mechanism of STMN2 cryptic splice-polyadenylation and its correction for TDP-43 proteinopathies
No full textLoss of nuclear TDP-43 is a hallmark of neurodegeneration in TDP-43 proteinopathies, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP-43 mislocalization results in cryptic splicing and polyadenylation of pre–messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) encoding stathmin-2 (also known as SCG10), a protein that is required for axonal regeneration. We found that TDP-43 binding to a GU-rich region sterically blocked recognition of the cryptic 3′ splice site in STMN2 pre-mRNA. Targeting dCasRx or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) suppressed cryptic splicing, which restored axonal regeneration and stathmin-2–dependent lysosome trafficking in TDP-43–deficient human motor neurons. In mice that were gene-edited to contain human STMN2 cryptic splice-polyadenylation sequences, ASO injection into cerebral spinal fluid successfully corrected Stmn2 pre-mRNA misprocessing and restored stathmin-2 expression levels independently of TDP-43 binding
Development and characterisation of traceable force measurement for nanotechnology
No full textTraceable low force metrology should be an essential tool for nanotechnology. Traceable
measurement of micro- and nanonewton forces would allow independent measurement
and comparison on material properties, MEMS behaviour and nanodimensional measurement
uncertainties. Yet the current traceability infrastructure in the UK is incomplete.
This thesis describes the incremental development of the low force facility at the National
Physical Laboratory (NPL).
The novel contribution of this thesis has three components. First, specific modifications
to the NPL Low Force Balance were undertaken. This involved developing novel or
highly modified solutions to address key issues, as well as undertaking detailed comparions
with external ans internal traceability references. Second, a triskelion force sensor flexure
was proposed and mathematically modelled using both analytical and finite element techniques,
and compared to experimentally measured spring constant estimates. The models
compared satisfactorily, though fabrication defects in developed prototype artefacts limited
the experimental confirmation of the models. Third, a piezoelectric sensor approach for quasistatic
force measurement was proposed, experimentally evaluated and rejected. Finally, an
improved design for a low force transfer artefact system is presented, harnessing the findings
of the reported investigations. The proposed design combines proven strain-sensing technology
with the advantageous triskelion flexure, incorporating an external stage and packaging
aspects to achieve the requirements for a traceable low force transfer artefact
Magrath Store News (May 18, 1972)
No full textAn archive of the Magrath Trading Store News.The University of Lethbridge Library received permission from the Wes Balderson to digitize and display this content.L'l.'SESs OFFICE 758-3033 GROCERIES 758-3535 DRY GOODS 758-3252 HARDWARE 758*306*’
•’nTR HOURS: MONDAY, TUESDAY, THURSDAY AND FRIDAY .....................................8 AcM# to 6 POM,
WEDNESDAY „8 A=M0 to 1 P„M„ „e„...„SATURDAY................... 8 A«JL„ to 7 PJi,
A„M* •MAGRATH, ALBERTA«
ki Spring Ln fAe Dry C/Oods
K7GULAR 2,98 „„„
1SDAY, MAY 18th, 1972 .0
a PILLOWS
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119
MAGRATH TRADING COMPANY LTD.
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ill If Uli UÌillllll Hill HHIHIHI IHlfUIHHIHHIHJ l/l HI f HMl IIHHI1111
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OF PANTS, SHIRTS, etc. 49
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MAGRATH TRADING GOMPANY LTD.
A GOOD PLACE ’0 TRADE
Two Ehlert brothers passed away within five days of each other recently,
Owen Earl Ehlert, aged 44j foimerly of Raymond, passed away in Smithers, B.C0 May 1st following a brief illness0
Funeral services were held in Smithers BeC,, May 5th,
Anton (Tony) Ehlert passed away in Helena, Montana Saturday, May 6th at the age of 70 years»
Funeral services were held in the Mc.grath L.D.S. Chapel May 12th with Bishop L B. Tanner officiating. Interment took place in the Magrath cemetery.
Surviving are six brothers Herbert and Lawrence of Magrath, David of Cranbrook, Henry of Coleman, Curtis of Smithers and Rex of Calgary; four sisters Frieda Nelson of Cardston, Clara Cheeseworth of Abbotsford, B.C., Marie Merrifield of Castlegar BrC, and Eleanore Fowler of Bountiful!,Utah,
Friday, forty six ladies from the Calgary Y,W*C.A, travelled to Magrath to totr John Moors’ Wool Carding plant,
Mr, Moors conducted the tour showing them the methods used and the various products produced from his mill.
The ladies then expressed a desire to tour a Hutterite colony so Mr, Moors escorted them to Hutterville Colony where they were taken on a guided tour which included a look at sheep raising. They were invited to say for supper at the Colony, and then left to return to Calgary,
Mr, Moors feels that the visit of these ladies to his Wool Carding business will be most beneficial to him in that it will bring more business.
A very successful Florence Nightingale Tea and Bake Sale was held by the Magrath Hospital Auxiliary Saturday afternoon.
Miss Patti Mikado was the lucky winner of the beautiful nylon tricot bedspread and Miss Linda Zimmerman won the attraetively decorated Mother's Day cake, both of which were drawn for at the tea.
Mother’s Day visitors at the home of Mr, and Mrs,
and families Mr, and Mrs. Foster Bectell and family of Cardston, Mrs. Darlene Proctor of Edmonton, Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Duncombe and family of Lethbridge, grandson Mr. Gordon Duncombe of Toronto and Mr. and Mrs. Michael Sugden of Calgary,
The Home Run Kirgis still Babe Ruth, the "aiious hitter of 714 homers. Who remembers nhc ■ he struck out 1330 times?
o o o •
thl’i magrath trading co. ltd. will remain •OSED MONDAY, MAY 22, VICTORIA DAY HOLIDAY,
Lloyd Sabey were their daughters is her sister-in-law Mrs
A former Magrath resident, Victor Bennett passed away in Raymond, Wednesday May 10th at the age of 80 years.
Born in Cedar Fort, Utqh he came to Southern Alberta with his {».rents who homesteaded in the Taber district. He lived in Magrath, Raymond and Cardston and in 1939 moved to Edmonton where he lived until early in 1972 when he came back to Raymond to make his home.
He is survived by his loving wife Lois eight sons and four daughters, Theron, Mrs- Harry (Golda) Kincade, Reid and Harold all of Edmonton^ Mrs* Doug (Melba) Warren of Comox, B.C., Donald and Douglas of Vancouver, Garth of Calgary, Keith of Montreal, Mrs, Roland (Vernice) Rhees of Rexburg, Idaho, Bruce of Kitimat and Mrs. Deane (Zina) Jensen of Regina; 37 grandchildren and 21 great grandchildren; one brother and three sisters.
Funeral services were held in the Raymond 3rd Ward L.D.S. Chapel Saturday, May 13th with Bishop Ronald Watson officiating. Interment took place in Temple Hill Cemetery.
President Marilyn Arndt returned recently from attending the 50th annual C.W.L. Convention in Calgary. Accompanying her was Mrs. Elizabeth Stanek who participated in ceremonies honoring long time members.
Mrs. Lydia Anderson and Miss Idell Toomer have returned from Minneapolis!, Minn0 where they accompanied Mrs. Ruth Knight and daughter Jacqueline of Lethbridge
They were guests of Mrs. Anderson’s son and daughter-in-law Mr. and Mrs. Alan Anderson and family.
Mrs. Nora Morrow of Edmonton is visiting with her parents Mr. and Mrs. Tom Carter, Mr* Carter is a patient in the Magrath Municipal Hospital.
Mrs. Marie Minor has returned from Calgary where her husband George is a hospital patient.
Mrs. Lizadore Crookston has returned home from an extended visit to California, Returning with her and visiting in Magrath Heber Brown of whom Mrs. Crookston was a guest in California.
Junior Turner won’t talk about it, but he won the Dog Trials in Regina during the weekend. At least we think he did.
N.0*
DOCTOR: "You're coughing more easily this morning."
PATIENT: "I should be - I’ve been practicir all night.
REMEMBER LEITHA'S HOME MADE PIES. 99^ 'A GOOD PLACE TO TRADE
Gradi’.ation of the 1?"2 Grade 12 Graduating Class of the Magrath High Schoo?.
■ ' held Friday, M?^ 12th-,
A graduation banquet was held in the Magrath United Church Hall at 5:30 P»M-
■ '-on the Magrath UcC»W-> served a turkey dinner to forty graduates, their partners and
'-ackers,, Miss Carol Ririe, president of the Magrath High School student body was Mist-
■. os of Ceremonies and welcomed the graduates and guests»
Guest speaker for the banquet was Mr» Tom Karren» Scott Wolsey entertained
r.'.;h vocal solos accompanying himself on the guitar*
At 8 P=MC the Magrath L->D»S» Chapel was filled to capacity for the Gradua-
-n Exercises» Mr* George Taylor presided at the organ for the Processional and the
' 2 Graduating Class took their places at the front of the church in the choir loft*
_ , Gean Wheeler led in the singing of "0 Canada" and Jim Newton offered the invocation-
■’ent Body President Carol Ririe extended greetings to assembled parents and friends*
1 musical numbers were enjoyed with Miss Sharon Whitt playing as a piano solo the theme
■ l .. "Love Story" and Miss Judy Hillmer and Dennis Wheeler rendered a Trumpet duet acc-
■ 7'inied on the piano by Miss Christine Harker» The Valedictory address was given by
o Janice Toomer» Mr» Jay Hamilton introduced the guest speaker of the evening Mro
Go Woolley who was a member of the first Grade 12 graduating class of the Magrath
1 School fifty years ag? - also paying tribute to another graduate of that class,
? Mary Bo Pharis who was also in attendance» Principal Grant Wheeler presented the
lates and Dr* S* C„ Brewerton, School Board Member, awarded the diplomas with congrat—
aJ’.ions being extended to each graduate by Divisional School Board members* Two choruses
' se sung by the graduates "Moments to Remember" and "No Man is An Island", led by Mrs*
-oler and accompanied on the piano by Miss Kennedy Jensen* The benediction was offeree.
* Bob Rice with Mr, Taylor playing the Recessional,
The graduates of the 1972 class are Joseph Burns Alston, Mark Go- Baker,
'leth Leon Bly, Leonard Rex Bourne, Patricia Jean Bowen, Deryk Duane Bullock, Elberta
’”..1 Christensen, Gary Elden Coleman, Charles Brent Dudley, Pauline Kay Graveland, Bonnce
r ~ker, Dona Joy Harker, Elma Christine Harker, Wayne Ervan Harris, Judy Lorraine Hillmer-
■T'bn Arthur Holladay, Kenneth Bert Jensen, Ross Smith Larson, Helen Anna Mescherjakow,
~nklin Neal Miller, Everett Dennis Morton, James Edward Newton, Beverly Anne Owens,
’■'bie Lynn Papp, Doran Reid Perry, Brian John Rarick, Cindy Irene Rasmussen, Judy Maxine
"lussen, Robert Wesley Rice, Carol Ann Ririe. Beverly Ann Robinson, Lily Allison Sam,
.a Jayne Schmidt, Robert Michael Schneyder, Peter Scott, Laureen Thomson, Maureen
’Thomson, Janice Toomer, Dennis Jay Wheeler, Sharon Ann Whitt, Lee Kiyoshi Yamamoto and
)o—.?a Rae Zimmerman*
The graduates received congratulations in the attractively decorated Cfymnas-
:of the Elementary School where the graduation ball was held climaxing a very en joyab.- e
a no1 memorable day»
A long-time resident of Magrath, Joseph W, Alston, passed away at his home
""day, May 11th» He was 82 years of age*
Born in American Fork, Utah, he came to Canada in 1900 settling in the
'•..grath district* He worked for some time on the McIntyre Ranch and then filled a mission
for the L.D.S» Church in the Southern States* Upon his return he married Beulah Baken
■ '1 they had one daughter» His wife passed away in 1920» In 1924 he married Nonna
7 Hloy and they had one daughter and three sons»
The late Mr* Alston was a grain buyer for over 30 years* He was active in
1 ’ church, and was a member of the High Priest Quorum»
He leaves to mourn his passing his loving wife Norma* two daughters Mrs*
'■.''ah Hoist of Los Angeles, California, Miss Hope Alston of Calgary; three sons Douglas
: Lethbridge, Tyler and Calvin of Magrath; 20 grandchildren; three sisters Mrs* Louise
.'son of Lethbridge, Mrs» Celestia Asplund of Victoria and Mrs» Leon Findlay of Parker.
: rona* He was predeceased by five sisters*
Funeral services were conducted from the Magrath L»D.S. Chapel Monday after-v
on with Bishop L* B* Tanner officiating» The family prayer was offered by Barton
'z.’lsen, Afton Keeler presided at the organ and accompanied the choir in the singing of
'. _j opening hymn "0 My Father" conducted by Gean Wheeler» Grant Woolley offered the
■’ .vocation» The biography was given by Nyal Fletcher followed by a Ladies Trio "Peace I.
ave With You" sung by Gean Wheeler, Laureen Brewerton and Beth Toomer accompanied by
- Keeler» Speakers for the ser,¿Ice were Grover Thomas and Pres» Elmo Fletcher* The
'ic.tr sang as the closing Hymn "Abi.de With Me"; the benediction was by Kirtland Woolley*
Interment took place in the Magrath cemetery with the graveside prayer being
' red by Doug Alston. Pallbearers were grandsons Bill Alston, Wade Alston, Burns Als’L.
c “Eston, Bruce Lyle and Klaus Frenzel*.
jMAC^CHEESE LOAF)
/'"> = 6 ozo pkgo JJy 1
FOR SALE: Yearling Bulls - Simmental, Main
Anjou and Limousin Cross Hereford.
Glen Passey., Magrath,
WELCOME - Everyone is welcome, young and
old; to the Square Lance Club Friday, May
19th at 8:30 P.M. in the Big Gym. We are
having lots of fun» Carol Luwry.
TENNIS TOURNAMENT: 18 years and under at
Cardston, June 10th, Seniors - at Magrath
June 17th. All those wishing to compete
please register at Tylers Gulf Oil Station
of Stevenson's Groceteria before June 1st«
MAGRATH PaRK THEATRE' NEWS: Friday and Saturday
May 19th and 20th "THE LAST CHALLENGE"
starring Glenn Ford and Angie Dickinson«
A top Western adventure movie for the family-
Running time - 112 min, Coming -
l!The Southern Star".
THANK YOU: Many thanks to my Spring Coulee
and Magrath good friends for the beautiful
cards for Easter and my-birthday, and the
kind wishes • brought me. They were all
greatly appreciated. Harriet Lane,
Sunset Lodge, 1203 8 Ave N.W, Calgary,
FOUND: Girls blue and white bicycle. Owner
may claim at Arndt Motors,
REMINDER: The Band Walt i-A—Thon is being
held Saturday, June 3rd. ■ ^Starting time
from the Magrath High School is 6 A.M,
The walk finishes at the Fish Pond. ,
o o o a o
WORRIED TAXPAYER: "I’ve saved the money to
pay my income' fax -- now all I have to do is
’arrow some to live on,"
| WIENERS
ALBERTA GOLD 1# 69 V
JUST ARRIVED: A new shipment of Kayser Roth
Lingerie and Sleepwear. Beautiful nighties
and slips. Upstairs Dept.
FOUND: 1972 License plate 5C.03.92. Owner
may claim at News Office.
BEDDING PLANTS ARE NOW IN - get your supplywhile
the stock is plentiful.
Hardware Dept.
Mrs. Beulah Holst of Los Angeles,
California arrived to attend the funeral
Monday of her father, the late Joseph Alston,
and visit with relatives and friends.
The Magrath - Cardston Marching Band leave
Thursday to participate in the Moose Jaw
Band Festival this weekend.
Mr. Mervin Godfrey and daughter-in-law
Mrs. Diane Godfrey of Provo, Utah are visiting
relatives in Magrath including his
sister Mrs. Lottie Harker and her parents
Mr. and Mrs. Rondo Robinson.
Miss Mary Mescherjakow of Calgary was
a weekend visitor at the home of her mother
Mrs. M. Mescherjakow.
Mesdames Irene Johnson, Margaret Wells,
Betty Hargreaves, Beth Malmberg of Lethbridge
were "Store" shoppers Friday,
PASSENGER: "Have I time to say goodby to my
wife?"
PORTER: "It depends - how long have you
been married?
Review for Religious - Issue 15.4 (July 1956)
No full textIssue 15.4 of the Review for Religious, 1956.A. M. D. G.
Review for Religious
JULY 15, 1956
To The Sons of Ignatius ......... Pope Plus XII
For the Greater Glory of God .... Henry Willmerlng
Sisters’ RetreatsmlV .......... Thomas Dubey
The Occasional Confessor ...... Meurlce B, Welsh
Mother Theodore Guerln ........ Sister Eugenla
Thoughts on Transfers ......... Winfr~d Herbsf
Book Reviews
Questions and Answers
Communicafions
VOLUME XV No. 4
R V EW
VOLUME XV
FOR RELIGIOUS
JULY, 1956 NUMBER 4
CONTENTS
TO THE SONS OF IGNATIUS--Pope Pius XII .......... 169
SOME PAMPHLETS .... : .............. 172
FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF GOD--Henry Willmering, S.3. . 173
ST. IGNATIUS AND THE EUCHARIST ........... 176
PICTURE MEDITATIONS ................ 176
SISTERS’ RETREATS--IV--Thomas Dubay, S.M ......... 177
OUR CONTRIBUTORS .................. 184
THE OCCASIONAL CONFESSOR-~Maurice B. Walsh, S.3 ...... 185
VOCATIONAL FILMSTRIP ................ 188
MOTHER THEODORE GUERIN--Sister Eugenia ......... 189
PAMPHLETS ..................... 201
THOUGHTS ON TRANSFERS---Winfrid Herbst, S.D.S ........ 202
COMMUNICATIONS .................. 206
BOOK REVIEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS--
Editor: Bernard A. Hausmann, S.J.
West Baden College
West Baden Springs, Indiana ............ 210
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS--
24. Obligation for Postulants ~o Make General Confession ..... 2i9
25. Helpful Canon Law Books .............. 220
26. Putting Water in Finger Bowl Before Mass ........ 220
27. Too much Canon Law in Constitutions? ......... 220
28. Why Frequent Mass in Black Vestments .......... 221
29. Beginning Noviceship While Hospitalized ......... 222
SOME BOOKS RECEIVED ............... ¯ . 224
REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS, July, 1956. Vol. XV, No. 4. Published bi-monthly:
January, March, May, July, September, and November, at the College
Press, 606 Harrison Street, .Topeka, Kansas, by St. Mary’s College St. Marys,
Kansas, with ecclesiastical approbation. Entered as second class matter, January 15,
1942, at the Post Office, Topeka, Kansas, under the act of March 3, 1879.
Editorial Board: Augustine G. Ellard, S.3., Gerald Kelly, S.J.,
Henry Willmering, S.J.
Literary Editor: Edwin F. Falteisek, S.J.
Publishing rights reserved by REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS. Permission is hereby
granted for quotations of reasonable length, provided due credit be given this review
and the author.
Subscription price: 3 dollars a year; 50 cents a copy. Printed in U. S. A.
Before writing o us, please consult notice on inside back cover.
To the Sons d Igna!:ius
Pope Pius XII
[EDITORS; NOTE: We present here the text of the letter sent by the Holy Father
to John Baptist Janssens, General of the Society of Jesus, on July 31, 1955. The
footnote references have been omitted.]
IT was a real joy for Us to hear that the Society of Jesus, which
you, beloved son, have been governing for the past nine years, is
about to celebrate with solemn festivities the memory of its holy
founder on the fourth centenary of his death; to the end that all its
m’embers may be aroused to a more ardent love of their beloved father
and lawgiver, and a more perfect observance of his Institute. These
centennial celebrations receive Our hearty approval and We join
thereto Our prayers for their success, all the more willingly for the
well-founded hope that rich benefits will flow from them not only
to the sons of St, Ignatius but also to the souls of the faithful. For,
just as by an" Apostol.ic Letter expressing Our affection on the occa-.
sion of the fourth centenary of the founding of your Society, as a
gesture of comfort to Ourselves as well as to you, "We reckoned
up with gratitude those remarkable achievements which God in His
providence had brought about in the course of the past four hundred
years "through’the Society of old and today," so We take pleasure in
recalling the same on this occasion as a precious pledge for the future.
We are also happy to exhort you once more from the heart of a
father to carry forward with untiring earnestness, especially in the
spiritual sphere, all your activities, your ministries and everything by
which you may give timely answers to the changing and ever-increas-ing
needs of our own times.
We have been informed that all your provinces throughout the
world have with a will set themselves to celebrate this centenary
year by devoting themselves with still greater zeal and fidelity to the
Spi6tual Exercises of their father and founder and to spreading their
use more Widely. In truth, St. Ignatius has left his sons no legacy
more precious, more useful, more lasting than that golden book
which,: from the time of Paul III, sovereign pontiffs and innumerable
saints in the Church have frequently praised most highly. If there
is truth in that which Father La Palma wrote, that the book of the
Spiritual Exercises was the firstborn of St. Ignatius, the saintly author
can be equally well said to have been the firstborn of those Exercises.
They are what invigorated his soul with new life, guided his first
steps in the way of perfection, increased his strength to enable him
169
POPE PIUS XII Review for Religions
to choose the divine King wearied by toil, harassed by insults, sub-missive
to torture and death in the service of His eternal Father, and
to follow Him to the very summit of love, so that, ablaze with the
fire of divine love, he ardently desired to bring not only himself, but
the whole world, to the feet of Christ our Savior. Ignatius, who had
tested the great force of these Exercises, on one occasion declared
that in them was contained ".everything that is most excellent that
I can think of, feel and comprehend in this life, to enable a man to
make fruitful progress in his own soul, and be of benefit and a
stimulus to others."
So no one will be surprised that your saintly founder wished to
be fully tested in these Exercises each one who desired in this Society
"to fight God’s battle under the banner of the Cross, and to serve
solely our Lord and His Spouse, the Church, guided by the Roman
Pontiff, Vicar of Christ on earth.’; He wished his sons to imbibe
that spirit, which is the foundation of the Society, from the same
source from which he had drunk his new life. This spirit is a mar-velous
and holy ardor of mind, aroused by the grace of God work-ing
in the Exercises, which would make them not only desirous, but
prompt and eager, to devote themselves to God’s glory, and for the
sake of the same, to undertake exacting labors. Hence, forgetful of
their own convenience, shunning leisure, devoted to the practice of
prayer based on personal mortification, they would strive with all
their might to attain the end proposed to them in the Society.
Btit when Ignatius, authorized by Pope Paul III, Our predeces-sor
of happy memory, later composed the Constitutions and gave
them to his companions, his intention was not that rigid laws should
replace the living and life-giving law of interior love. And after the
Society was established, he did not lose sight of the meaning of that
phrase, "to be at the special service of the Holy See" under the stand-ard
of the Cross, that Cross to which Jesus Christ affixed the decree
written against us, after He had wiped it out, so that all men might
be freed from Satan’s power and march in the light of faith and
warmth of charity. The command given on Mr. Olivet sounded
clearly in his ear: .’,and you will be my witnesses . . . to the ends of
the earth." Later Augustine would write: "spread charity through
the whole world, if youl want to love Christ because Christ’s mem-bers
are throughout the world." And Ignatius himself was destined
to see over a thousand of his followers serving under the standard
of the Cross in the distant lands of Europe, America, India, Ethiopia.
This was the beginning of that apostolate which would call his sons
170 ~
1956 TO THE SONS OF IGNATIUS
to the vast field of the I~ord, some to the heathen missions, which the
popes over the years would be entrusting to them to till with un-remitting
labor, exact knowledge, ’even with their blood; others tO
labor close to heads of state, or among those oppressed by slavery;
still others to direct schools of youth or to occupy university chairs;
still others to give the Spir.itual Exercises to every class of men, or
to enrich and brighten the world of letters by their writings. It will
be for the Constitutions to open the road by which the whole So-ciety
and all its members, though dispersed throughout the worId
yet united to each other and its head by the same love of the eternal
King, might in the spirit of the Ignatian Institute attain that perfect
manner, of life which is the chief fruit of the Exercises.
Beloved son, who of the Society, in this fourth centenary year,
will not listen .to that word, once Paul’s now Ignatius’: "Be con-tent,
brethren, to follow my example and mark well those who live
by the pattern we have given them." Through God’s goodness, the
Society never lacked saintly men, who, exactly obedient to the Exer-cises
of Ignatius, kept that pattern unmarred, and drew energy and
strength to live precisely according to the Constitutions, so as to re-produce
in themselves more perfectly that patte,rn, and work more
effectively for souls. Plus VII, of immortal memory, sought men
of this stamp when he wished to equip Peter’s storm-tossed bark
with strong, expert oarsmen; Holy Mother Church in these troubled
times asks the Society for helpers of the same mould. May today’s
sons of Ignatius, therefore, strive to follow in their footsteps. Under
the standard of the Cross may they stand firm against all the at[acks
of the princes of this world of darkness. Loving and ready obedience
must be shown to superiors, especially the Supreme Pontiff; this is
their most honorable badge. To worldly desires, love of poverty
must be opposed; to empty pleasure a certain austerity of life and un-tiring
labor; to the discords and. quarrels of the world, gentle and
peace-bringing brotherly love, love for each other and for all men;
to materialism that sincere and earnest faith which always acknowl-edges
and reverences the presence of God in the universe. If all this
comes to pass, Ignatius, though dead, will live on in his sons.
As We write these lines, dear son, with all the love of a father’s
heart, Our thoughts turn to those fathers and brothers who have
suffered or are actually suffering bitter exile and torture at the hands
of their persecutors. Surely they are most worthy sons, echoing the
most glorious traditions of the Society of Jesus. They are confessors
of the Catholic faith,, who are aft" honor to their brethren as well as
171
PoPE PIUS XII
an example.. May God strengthen them; most willingly do We bless
them. But it is to all the softs of Ignatius that We extend our lov-ing
greetings, begging God that under the patronage of your founder,
father, and lawmaker, protected by the ever Blessed Virgin Mary,
they may day by day increase in virtue, thus moulded by divine grace
into a strong instrument so that all things may be guided aright by
the di~,ine hand, and happily contribute to the greater glory of God.
In testimony of Our special benevolence towards the Society of
Jesus, We lovingly bestow on you, dear son, and on all those re-ligious
throughout the world entrusted to your charge, the Apostolic
Blessing.
SOME PAMPHLETS
All That 1 Want. The story of John F. Logsdon. Edited by Paschal Boland,
O.S.B. Grail Publications, St. Meinrad, Indiana. Pp. 107. 25c.
In Silence Before God. Examination of Conscience. By M. M. Philipon, O.P.
Translated by A. M. Crofts, O.P. The Newman PresL Westminster, Maryland.
Pp. 46. 30c.
Family Limitation. Modern Medical Observations on the use of the ’Safe
Period.’ By John Ryan, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.I.C.S. Foreword by .Alan
Keenan, O.F.M. Sbeed and Ward, 840 Broadway, N. Y. 3. Pp. 36. (Price not
given.)
Sacramentals, Medals, and Scapulars. By Winfrid Herbst, S.D.S. Society of St.
Paul, 2187 Victory Blvd., Staten Island 14. Pp. 55. 35c.
Your Child’s Religious Liberty. By Virgil C. Blum, S.J. Catechetlcal Guild,
Educational Society, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. Pp. 64. 15c.
Mental Prayer. By Cyril Bernard, O.D.C. Clonmore and Reynolds, 29 Kildare
St., Dublin, 1955. Pp. 48. 2/6d.
The Canon of the Mass. By Dom Placid Murray, O.S.B. Part I deals with the
history of the canon. Part II gives a new English translation. Here is new light
on an old problem. Pp. 14. Fourpence. The Furrow, St. Patrick’s College, May-nootb,
Ireland.
The following pamphlets are from the Queen’s Work, 3115 S. Grand Blvd.,
St. Louis 18, Mo., and are 10c each.
How Brave Can You Be? By Bakewell Morrison. S.J. Pp. 31.
Personality and Mental Health. By Hugh P. O’Neill, S.J. Pp. 27.
These Lucky Catholics. By Daniel A. Lord. S.J. Pp. 40.
Mary’s Morning Minute. Compiled by Florence Wedge. Pp. 40.
Mary Always Remembers You. By T. N. Jorgensen, S.J. Pp. 32.
What a Sinyle Girl Can Do fdr Christ. By W. B. Faherty, S.J. Pp. 32.
Which Rites Are Right? By Brother Aurelian Thomas, F.S.C. Pp. 29.
The Tree of Life. Also, Seven Supernatural Powers. By Rev. Joseph A. Lauritis,
C.S.Sp. Holy Ghost Fathers, 1615 Manchester Lane, N.W., Washington 11, D. C.
Pp. 32. 10c each.
Why a Priest Is Called Reverend Father." By Dora Rembert Sorg, O.S.B. Plo
Decimo Press, Box 53, Baden Station, St. Louis 15, Mo. Pp. 22. 20c.
172
For Ehe reat:er lory ot:
Henry Willm.ering, S.J.
THIS well-known maxim of St. Ignatius Loyola ,aptly expresses
his devotion to a great cause: the. spread.of God s kingdom on
earth. We consider here how he came by it, lived by it, prayed
for it, suffered and died for it; and how, realizing that he could not
carry out God’s work alone, he gathered disciples about him, who
embraced the same cause: namely, to pray, labor, and suffer for this
ideal, the promotion of God’s greater glory.
Inigo of Loyola lived in an era of conquest and discovery. The
year of his birth, 1491, marked the conquest of Granada and the
liberation of Spain from Moorish rule. In this conquest Inigo’s
father took a prominent part. The next year Columbus discovered
a new world; and during Inigo’s youth great national heroes, like
De Soto, Cortez and Pizzaro, added many provinces to the Spanish
empire. A brother, Hernandez, died in the conquest of Mexico; and
two otherbrothers fell on Europe’s battlefields. What wonder that
the youngest son of Loyola should wish to distinguish himself in
the service of his ~sovereign majesty and devote his talents to the
promotion of the greater glory of Spain.
In this ambitious career, God halted him after his first display
of heroism. A far nobler course and loftier ideal was revealed to him.
He was invited to enlist in the service of an eternal King. But the
thought of transferring his allegiance frightened him at first; it
seemed so fantastic to give up a promising career and disappoint all
his friends. After a hard struggle, he yielded to divine grace, though
the plan he bad for the future was still rather vague and imaginative.
After making a pilgrimage to Palestine, he thought he might live
as a hermit: pray, fast, and practice other austerities, as did the
saints, in atonement for his past sinful life.
Before God can use an instrument for His purpose, He must first
temper it in the fire of suffering. The desire of doing and suffering
great things for God is often "an illusion of self-love, and nothing so
effectively blocks the designs of God as this human failing. Accord-ingly
Inigo had to be purged of every vestige of self-complacency.
After a brief period of peace of soul and heavenly consolations, he
was continually troubled with harassing fears and scruples. He re-doubled
his penances and prolonged the time of prayer and sought
relief in works of mercy, but all in vain. Neither repeated confes-sions,
nor the. advice of spiritual directors offered him the least con-
173
HENRY WILMERING Reoieto For Reliqious
solatioh. It was only after his soul had been stirred to its very
depths and he-had been led to the brink of despair that finally he
regained his composure of soul; and then he had, as he said, "mar-
,,ellous illuminations and extraordinary spiritual consolations." He
seemed io himself like a new man, "who had been awakened from
a ’drugged sleep." Ever after he had a different outlook on life and
cdncentrated all his efforts and care on promoting the greater glory
of God.
During this period he began to note down material for what
was to become the book of the Spiritual Exercises. Briefly he set
down in writing the truths upon which he had meditated, the ex-periences
through which he passed; and, by combining them into a
systematic course, he forged a weapon that would be serviceable, not
merely to the soldier who first wielded it, but which would pass
from one generation to the next as a trenchant "sword of the spirit,
th’at is the word of God."
¯ We so often emphasize the infinity, knowledge, and providence
of Gc;d. In the Spiritual Exercises we find another aspect of the
divine nature made central: the will of God. St. Ignatius points out
to us that God has a purpose, a plan, a will for each one of us. His
Mm ih the Exercises is to make men realize this important truth
and to bring them to that disposition in which they will say with
our Lord: "I seek not my own will, but the will of Him that sent
me." Because God is infinitely wise and good, His will represents the
o. nly thing in life worth living and dying for.
The man who seeks continually to know and do God’s will
lives for the greater glory of God. St. Ignatius made this the bed-rock
principle on which he built up his own spiritual life. So firmly
did he hold to it, that some years before his death he could say, that
for thirty years’he had never put off anything which had been de-cided
for God’s greater glory.
As a trained soldier, however, be wished to receive God’s orders
through a. captaih. The thoughtful perusal of the life of Christ dur-ing
his convalescence had convinced him that Jesus Christ was the
divinely appointed leader, whom all must follow. Since the prin-ciples
taught by our Lord are the expression of His Father’s will,
and the example of Christ is the norm by which we may measure
our conformity to it, the imitation Of Christ is the fulfillment of
God’s. will. The ideal is, that even when "the praise and glory of
God would be equally served, I desire and choose poverty with’Christ
poor, rather than riches, in order to imitate and be in reality more
FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF GOD
like Christ our Lord; I choose’insults with Christ loaded with them,
rather than honors; I desire to be accounted as worthless.and a fool
for. Christ, rath’er than to be esteemed as wise and prudent in this
world. So was Christ treated before me."
Our divine’Lord had a mission entrusted to Him by His Father:
to call all men to His standard and encourage them to embrace His
principles. He trained apostles and sent them throughout the whole
world to spread His doctrine among men. Similarly St. Ignatius
gathered disciples," taught them the principl~s of Christ. through the
Spiritual Exercises, and, when they were well trained, he sent them
to every land to spread G0d’s’kingdom and promote His greater glory
by word and example. With a view to perpetuating this work, he
organized his companions into a "company," and called it "the
Company or Society of Jesus."
That this new religious order should, meet with opposition and
persecution was inevitable. It introduced many innovations in re-ligious
discipline that were demanded by the spiritual labors it
planned to carry on. In a period when drastic reforms were urgently
called for amoog both clergy and laity in the Church and when
heretics were preacl~ing their false proj6~ts of reform in almost every
part of Europe, St. Ignatius and his companions set about effecting
a true reform. By means of the Spiritual Exercises many prelates and
priests were induced to seek not their own advantages in life but the
advancement of the Kingdom of Christ. The preaching and teach-ing
of Peter Faber, Peter Canisius, Claude LeJay, Alphonse Salmeron,
and other Jesuits in countries infested with the new doctrine of the
heretical reformers saved many districts for the Catholic faith and
converted countless souls from heresy, Yet this activity caused them
to be calumniated, persecuted, and drixien from place to place. Along
with their Founder, they bore such ill treatment #ith admirable
fortitude and patience. Once when St. Ignatius was asked what was
the most certain road to perfection, he answered, "To endure many
and grievous afflictions for the love of Christ."
Once the Society was founded and bechosen to direct the same,
Ignatius lived in Rome for the rest of his life. He took the deepest
interest in all the labors carried on by his companions and invariably
showed the affection of a devoted father to every member whom he
admitted into his Society. He ardently longed to share their labors:
and, even when broken with age and infirmity, he said that should
the Holy Father order it, he would immediately set out for any part
of the world to spread God’s kingdom. He was asked one day which
175
HENRY WILMERING
he would prefer: to die immediately with a guarantee of his salvation ’
or to continue for some years more, with opportunities of helping
souls but with no guarantee at the end. Knowing his burning zeal
for God’s gIory and his all-consuming zeal for souls, we are pre-pared
to hear that he. declared for the second alternative.
Now four hundred years have passed since his death. Ever since
and in every land the sons of St. Ignatius in his spirit and according
to his principles have labored for God’s greater glory. He is ranked
by the Church among the great founders of religious orders, Sts.
Benedict, Francis of Assisi and Dominic; and rightly so. As a pra
