60 research outputs found
Future (2020-2099) Carbon and Water Dynamics of Lehigh Valley Based on Land Use and Land Cover Change
No full textReadme for data: Felzer and Andrade, Future (2020-2099) Carbon and Water Dynamics of Lehigh Valley Based on Land Use and Land Cover Change data_archive.tar.gz: contains the input files necessary to run the TEM-Hydro model, including all the climate files, ozone, Ndep, LULCC, soil texture, and elevation. Subdirectors contain all the *.ecd files (literature-based calibration parameters) and *.dat files (calibration-based parameters). code.tar.gz: contains the C++ TEM-Hydro code xmlfiles.tar.gz: contains the batch files for each experiment LV_processed_output.zip: contains processed output files for the Lehigh Valley experiments, including the summary statistics files (Sum*) and *.txt files generated by included utility C++ programs Beth_processed_output.zip: contains the *.txt files for the Bethlehem experiments map_files.zip: contains the gridded output used to generate the maps Excel_files.zip: final output data used to generate figures in the paper</ul
Effect of SSP370 and SSP245 on the future carbon sink for the conterminous U.S.
No full text[2024-09-08: Added readme-2024-09-08.docx, policy_comparison.xlsx, and policy_ssp245.usa48.xlsx]Files pertaining to submitted article Effect of SSP370 and SSP245 on the future carbon sink for the conterminous U.S. to Plants People Planetppp_tem_code.tar.gz: C++ code for version of TEM-Hydro used in this study, along with Make file and 10 xml files for each of the model experimentsppp_ssp245_climate.tar.gz: climate input files for SSP245 scenarios, including both transient and constant climate (tair = surface temperature, prec = precipitation, dtr = daily temperature range, vpr = vapor pressure, clds = clouds)ppp_ssp370_climate.tar.gz: climate input files for SSP370 scenarios, including both transient and constant climate (tair = surface temperature, prec = precipitation, dtr = daily temperature range, vpr = vapor pressure, clds = clouds)ppp_inputs.tar.gz: other input files, including CO2 for SSP245 and SSP370, ozone (ioo3baucru_2014lf.usa48), N deposition (ndeplf_2014.usa48), average wind speed (windlf.usa48), soil texture (cruigbptxtlf.usa48), elevation (crutbaselvlf.usa48)ppp_lulcc.tar.gz: land use and land cover change files and maximum cohort files for, transient for SSP370 (cruHurtt3.2.1lulccohrtsr_hurtt_out_2015_2099_fix.usa48, cruHurtt3.2.1mxcohrtsr_hurtt_out_2015_2099_fix.usa48), SSP245 (cruHurtt3.2.1lulccohrtsr_hurtt_out_2015_2099_ssp245.usa48, cruHurtt3.2.1mxcohrtsr_hurtt_out_2015_2099_ssp245.usa48) and constant (cruHurtt3.2.1lulccohrtsr_hurtt_out_2015.usa48, cruHurtt3.2.1mxcohrtsr_hurtt_out_2015.usa48)ecdfiles.tar.gz: parameters used in TEMdatfiles.tar.gz: calibrated parameters used in TEM for each PFTTime series summary statistic output for SSP245 (summary_statistics_SSP245.zip) and SSP370 (summary_statistics_SSP370.zip)Mapped file for 2070-2099 means for SSP245 (maps_SSP245_2070_2099.zip, maps_SSP370_2070_2099.zip).output_FUTURESSP370LULCC.USTOT_revised.xlsx: final figure data for SSP370 and comparisons with SSP245output_FUTURESSP245LULCC.USTOT_revised.xlsx: final figure data for SSP245pfts_revised.xlsx: data for figures with PFT-specific informationhurtt_lulcusa_ssp370.out.xlsx: land use and land cover data figureslulcc_futures_figures_revised_new.pptx: final figure in paperpolicy*.xlsx: data for policy figures 7 and 8</ul
Effect of land-use legacy on the future carbon sink for the conterminous US
No full textxmlfiles.tar.gz: batch files to run TEM experiments plus restart file for TEMRESTART run lulc.tar.gz: maximum cohort and cohort files for the 4 experiments, as defined in the xml files for each experiment inputs.tar.gz: input files other than climate (soil texture, elevation, ozone, wind, ndeposition) ecdfiles.tar.gz: ecd files for non-calibratable parameters datfiles.tar.gz: dat files for calibratable parameters climate_rcp8.5.tar.gz: future rcp8.5 CESM climate files (2015-2099) climate_historial.tar.gz: historical climate files (1750-2014) temcode.tar.gz: model code and Make files output.zip: output files, including summary statistic files (sum*), map files (.mapr.txt), and Excel files used for final paper values</p
Very-Heavy Precipitation in the Greater New York City Region and Widespread Drought Alleviation Tied to Western US Agriculture
No full textPredictability of Precipitation Over the Conterminous U.S. Based on the CMIP5 Multi-Model Ensemble
No full textAbstractCharacterizing precipitation seasonality and variability in the face of future uncertainty is important for a well-informed climate change adaptation strategy. Using the Colwell index of predictability and monthly normalized precipitation data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) multi-model ensembles, this study identifies spatial hotspots of changes in precipitation predictability in the United States under various climate scenarios. Over the historic period (1950–2005), the recurrent pattern of precipitation is highly predictable in the East and along the coastal Northwest, and is less so in the arid Southwest. Comparing the future (2040–2095) to the historic period, larger changes in precipitation predictability are observed under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 than those under RCP 4.5. Finally, there are region-specific hotspots of future changes in precipitation predictability, and these hotspots often coincide with regions of little projected change in total precipitation, with exceptions along the wetter East and parts of the drier central West. Therefore, decision-makers are advised to not rely on future total precipitation as an indicator of water resources. Changes in precipitation predictability and the subsequent changes on seasonality and variability are equally, if not more, important factors to be included in future regional environmental assessment.</jats:p
Past and Future Effects of Ozone on Net Primary Production and Carbon Sequestration Using a Global B
No full textFelzer et al. studied how ozone, a toxic gas produced in polluted air, is and will affect the ability of plants to store carbon and keep it from affecting the climate. While the researchers find increasingly negative effects in the future, they also predict that greenhouse gas reductions would also reduce the amount of ozone in the atmosphere, and its damaging effects
Future transition from forests to shrublands and grasslands in the western United States is expected to reduce carbon storage
No full textAbstractClimate change is expected to impact vegetation in the western United States, leading to shifts in dominant Plant Functional Types and carbon storage. Here, we used a biogeographic model integrated with a biogeochemical model to predict changes in dominant Plant Functional Type by 2070‚àí2100. Results show that under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario, 40% of the originally forested areas will transition to shrubland (7%) or grassland (32%), while under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, 58% of forested areas shift to shrubland (18%) or grassland (40%). These shifts in Plant Functional Types result in a net overall loss in carbon storage equal to ‚àí60 gigagram of carbon and ‚àí82 gigagram of carbon under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Our findings highlight the need for urgent action to mitigate the effects of climate change on vegetation and carbon storage in the region.</jats:p
Extreme precipitation drives groundwater recharge
No full textFuture extreme precipitation (EP, daily rainfall amount over certain thresholds) is projected to increase with global climate change; however, its effect on groundwater recharge has not been fully explored. This study specifically investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics of groundwater recharge and the effects of extreme precipitation (daily rainfall amount over the 95th percentile, which is tagged by ranking the percentiles in each season for a base period) on groundwater recharge from 1950 to 2010 over the Northern High Plains (NHP) Aquifer using the Soil Water Balance Model. The results show that groundwater recharge significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in the eastern NHP from 1950 to 2010, where the highest annual average groundwater recharge occurs compared to the central and the western NHP. In the eastern NHP, 45.1% of the annual precipitation fell as EP, which contributed 56.8% of the annual total groundwater recharge. In the western NHP, 30.9% of the annual precipitation fell as extreme precipitation, which contributed 62.5% of the annual total groundwater recharge. In addition, recharge by extreme precipitation mainly occurred in late spring and early summer, before the maximum evapotranspiration rate, which usually occurs in mid‐summer until late fall. A dry site in the western NHP and a wet site in the eastern NHP were analysed to indicate how recharge responds to EP with different precipitation regimes. The maximum daily recharge at the dry site exceeded the wet site when there was EP. When precipitation fell as non‐extreme rainfall, most recharge was less than 5 mm at both the dry and wet sites, and the maximum recharge at the dry site became lower than the wet site. This study shows that extreme precipitation plays a significant role in determining groundwater recharge. © 2016 The Authors Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Context of Growth Enhancements in the U.S. since 1700: Net Source or Sink?
No full textDataset consists of model code, model input files (used to drive the model), and model output files
Effects of nitrogen limitation on hydrological processes in CLM4-CN
No full text[1] The role of nitrogen limitation on photosynthesis downregulation and stomatal conductance has a significant influence on evapotranspiration and runoff. In the current Community Land Model with coupled Carbon and Nitrogen cycles (CLM4-CN), however, the carbon and water coupling in stomata is not linked to nitrogen limitation. We modify the incomplete linkages between carbon, nitrogen, and water, and examine how nitrogen limitation affects hydrological processes in CLM4-CN. We then evaluate if the modification can improve the simulation of carbon and water fluxes. Applying the effects of nitrogen limitation on stomatal conductance significantly decreases leaf photosynthesis. It leads to a reduction in canopy transpiration, thereby increasing total runoff, mainly due to increasing subsurface runoff. More available soil water for vegetation from the reduced transpiration helps increase gross primary productivity (GPP) in the relatively moisture-limited regions of grassland/steppe and savanna. However, in the tropics and boreal forest regions, changes in soil water by nitrogen limitation are insignificant, and GPP decreases directly by down-regulated leaf photosynthesis. Decreasing canopy transpiration and increasing runoff from nitrogen limitation improve simulating latent heat flux and runoff by reducing high biases for latent heat flux in the tropics and low biases for runoff in the tropics and northern high latitudes. In addition, the CLM4-CN with leaf-level nitrogen limitation reduces model biases in tropical GPP. Nitrogen limitation on the leaf-level significantly affects hydrological processes in CLM4-CN and improves the simulation of carbon and water fluxes. This process should be included with other recent improvements to reduce model biases as much as possible
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