2,091 research outputs found
Clinonana rafaeli Engel et Takiya, sp. nov.
No full textClinonana rafaeli Engel et Takiya sp. nov. (Figs. 1 D, 6) Measurements in mm (ɗ holotype). Total length: 16.0. Crown median length: 1.1. Pronotum median length: 2.5. Pronotum largest width: 7.2. Mesonotum largest width: 4.0. Mesonotum median length: 4.3. External morphology. Crown (Figs. 1 D, 6 A) median length three-tenths of interocular (ratio= 0.34) and transocular width (ratio= 0.26). Pronotum (Figs. 1 D, 6 A) largest width 2.9 times median length; largest width 1.8 times largest mesonotum visible width. Mesonotum (Figs. 1 D, 6 A) length 1.2 times longer than combined mesal length of crown and pronotum. Other characteristics as in generic description. Male genitalia. Styles (Figs. 6 D, E) in lateral view with median concavity on ventral margin. Aedeagus (Figs. 6 G, H) shaft preatrium pair of processes extending only until two-thirds of shaft length. Female unknown. Notes. Clinonana rafaeli sp. nov. is very similar to C. mirabilis in external morphology and male genitalia. Both species are smaller and have a less laterally expanded pronotum (Figs. 1 C, D, 4 A, 6 A) than C. impensa (Figs. 1 B, 3 A). The new species differs from C. mirabilis by the following male genital characters: style in lateral view with ventral concavity in median portion (Fig. 6 E, arrow); and aedeagal shaft thinner than in C. mirabilis, with preatrium basal processes extending only two-thirds length of shaft (Figs. 6 G, H). In C. mirabilis the basal processes reach the apex of the aedeagus shaft. Etymology. The new species epithet is in honor of the dipterist Dr. José Albertino Rafael (INPA), who coordinated projects including field work in the Brazilian Amazon which made possible the collection of specimens of Clinonana and many other leafhoppers by the junior author, besides being responsible for the collection of about half of specimens studied herein. Material examined. Holotype, Brazil: Rondônia: ɗ, Porto Velho, Campus UNIR, 8 ° 50 ' 4 " S 63 ° 56 ' 35 " W, 17 IV 2006 (F. F. Xavier & J. A. Rafael), (INPA).Published as part of Engel, Giulia & Takiya, Daniela Maeda, 2012, Synopsis of Clinonana Osborn (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae): new distributional records and description of a new species, pp. 19-30 in Zootaxa 3329 on pages 26-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28122
MemBrain: a deep learning-aided pipeline for detection of membrane proteins in cryo-electron tomograms
No full textCryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is an imaging technique that enables 3D visualization of the native cellular environment at sub-nanometer resolution, providing unpreceded insights into the molecular organization of cells. However, cryo-electron tomograms suffer from low signal-to-noise ratios and anisotropic resolution, which makes subsequent image analysis challenging. In particular, the efficient detection of membrane-embedded proteins is a problem still lacking satisfactory solutions. We present MemBrain - a new deep learning-aided pipeline that automatically detects membrane-bound protein complexes in cryo-electron tomograms. After subvolumes are sampled along a segmented membrane, each subvolume is assigned a score using a convolutional neural network (CNN), and protein positions are extracted by a clustering algorithm. Incorporating rotational subvolume normalization and using a tiny receptive field simplify the task of protein detection and thus facilitate the network training. MemBrain requires only a small quantity of training labels and achieves excellent performance with only a single annotated membrane (F1 score: 0.88). A detailed evaluation shows that our fully trained pipeline outperforms existing classical computer vision-based and CNN-based approaches by a large margin (F1 score: 0.92 vs. max. 0.63). Furthermore, in addition to protein center positions, MemBrain can determine protein orientations, which has not been implemented by any existing CNN-based method to date. We also show that a pre-trained MemBrain program generalizes to tomograms acquired using different cryo-ET methods and depicting different types of cells. MemBrain is a powerful and annotation-efficient tool for the detection of membrane protein complexes in cryo-ET data, with the potential to be used in a wide range of biological studies. It is generalizable to various kinds of tomograms, making it possible to use pretrained models for different tasks. Its efficiency in terms of required annotations also allows rapid training and fine-tuning of models. The corresponding code, pretrained models, and instructions for operating the MemBrain program can be found at: https://github.com/CellArchLab/MemBrain
MemBrain: A Deep Learning-aided Pipeline for Automated Detection of Membrane Proteins in Cryo-electron Tomograms
No full textPreponderance of the Evidence versus Intime Conviction. A Behavioural Perspective on a Conflict between American and Continental European Law
No full textMost apparent differences between US and continental law lose their relevance once one looks beneath the doctrinal surface and checks how doctrine plays itself out in concrete cases. One of the few exceptions is standards of proof. Not only distinguishes US law between "preponderance of the evidence" and "beyond a reasonable doubt". It even constructs proof differently. In the US, proof is an objective, science-like affair. On the continent, proof is holistic and subjective. The decision maker is called upon to form a personal conviction, and to take on personal responsibility for her assessment of the facts. What seems utterly mystic actually has a sound scientific base. Continental law capitalises on the power of intuition. Intuition relies on unconscious mental machinery. This apparatus processes huge amounts of information in almost no time. It is programmed to come up with an assessment even if the evidence is patently incomplete. It does so by multiple feedback loops. At the end of this procedure, evidence conflicting with the final decision is devalued, whereas evidence supporting the decision is given greater weight. While instrumental in making most of the available evidence, the mental mechanism is not error proof. One particularly troublesome implication precisely concerns standards of proof. Given the mechanism is designed to force a decision, one might be afraid that it mutes the difference between standards of proof. A more stringent standard would be neutralised by an even stronger devaluation of conflicting evidence. Happily an experiment shows that the concern is misplaced. A plausible explanation is this: the standard of proof instruction tags convicting an innocent defendant by a somatic marker. If this hypothesis could be proven true, the presumption of innocence would have been rescued by an emotion.standard of proof, law of evidence, comparative law; storytelling model, unconscious decision-making, consistency maximisation, coherence shift, somatic marker
Measuring the Variance-Age Profile of Lifetime Income
No full textThis paper presents an operational meaning to the concept of the variance in lifetime income in terms of the discounted variance of T mutually uncorrelated, sequentially realized, random variables. It is then shown how the logical implications of the lifecycle consumption model can be used to estimate this series of variances, called the variance-age profile of lifetime income, and we refer to an earlier paper by Eden (1977) to show how this variance-age profile can be used to compare the riskiness of alternative labor income paths. Finally the estimation technique is applied to Israeli data in order to compare the riskiness of the earnings path of those who attended college with that of those who terminated their education at the high school level in that economy, and to consider data requirements and estimation problems in greater depth.
Author Correction: Deep learning improves macromolecule identification in 3D cellular cryo-electron tomograms
No full textStammbuch Adam Wossidlo / A: WOSSIDLO.|1773
No full textEnthält 64 Stammbucheinträge in Deutsch, Latein, Französisch, Polnisch u.a. von Jean Theophile Barent; Chr. Friedrich Birkholz; Andreas Briger; Gottfried Ferdinand Danowius; Theophil Albert Gottell; Joh. Andr. Benjamin Haselau; Carl Heinrich Homann; Johann Samuel Jakobsen; J.D. Koch; Johann Michael Krause; Michael Krumpholz; Joh.Jac. Liedtke; Joh. Christ. Müller; J.F. Przywarra; F.A. Pusch; J.F. Schollyn; J.G.U. Siegeleith; D. Szybrowskij; J.D. Tetzlaff; Ph.F. TobienHandschrift DE-3, GND 2024680-8, Signatur: Yg St. 8° 66/38Einband: moderner neuzeitlicher Ledereinband, Leder über Pappe; Rollenstempelverzierung in Blindprägung; Goldschnitt; Kapitale; Vor- und Nachsatz Kleisterpapier.Zustand: Papier verbräunt, teilweise stark fingerfleckig f. 41 stark fleckig; neuer Einband.Exlibris des Vorbesitzers (Stula)Eintragungsorte: Danzig, Posen, Warschau u.aTitel in Rocaille Rahmen f. 1 (rot); Rötelzeichnung (Paar im Park) f. 4; f. 26 (Treue), f. 40 (Paar mit Trunkenem von I.C. Jonason); Federzeichnung f. 7 (Haus auf Hügel); (Turm) f. 24v, f. 57 (Turm), f. 60 Skizze, (Amor, vgl. S. 19); aquarellierte Federzeichnung (Burgmauern) f. 8v, 13 (Freundschaftsaltar, montiert), f. 14 (Gesellschaft), f. 17 (Amor auf Baum), f. 21 (grünes Paar mit Dialog), f. 23 (Athene mit Schild und Waffen (Joha. Friedr. Dembs), f. 27 Medaillon, f. 33 (Alchemist auf Hügel), f. 35 Skizze – (Blume, Paar), f. 45 (Paar), f. 51 (Kriegslager – Dialog Bacchus-Mars von Joh. Andr. Benjamin Haselau Lieutenant d. Infanterie f. 54 (Engel vor Kranz mit Krone), f. 64 (Engel und Teufel), f. 67 (tanzendes Paar), f. 72 (Paar im Park mit Dialog); Kalligraphie f. 3v, 11, 19v, 32v, 39v, 42v, 44v, 69v; Sepia-Skizze (Paar mit Hund) f. 16; lavierte Federzeichnung (Häuser auf Turm). f. 20, 26v, f. 29 (Kommandant auf Wellen), f. 36 (Halle, beschädigt), f. 38 (Geldern), f. 43 (Pferdekutsche), f. 49 (Mann mit Hut); Bleistiftzeichnung f. 26v (Weingott); Skizze (Medaillon) f. 52; Druckblatt f. 27v; Trompe-l'oeil f. 53r Schriftrolle, 53v Notenblätter; Scherenschnitt-Silhouette f. 56
The Difficult Reception of Rigorous Descriptive Social Science in the Law
No full textMutual disdain is an effective border patrol at the demarcation lines between disciplines. Social scientists tend to react with disdain when they observe how their findings are routinely stripped of all the caveats, assumptions and careful limitations once they travel into law. Likewise, lawyers tend to react with disdain when they read all the laborious proofs and checks for what looks to them like a minuscule detail in a much larger picture. But mutual disdain comes at a high price. All cross-border intellectual trade is stifled. This paper explores the social science/law border from the legal side. The natural barriers turn out to be significant, but not insurmountable. Specifically the paper looks at the challenges of integrating rigorous descriptive social science into the application of the law in force by courts and administrative authorities. This is where the gap is most difficult to bridge. The main impediments are implicit value judgments inherent in models, conceptual languages and strictly controlled ways of generating empirical evidence; the difference between explanation, hypothesis testing and prediction, on the one hand, and decision-making, on the other; the ensuing difference between theoretical and practical reasoning, and the judicial tradition of engaging in holistic thinking; last but not least, the strife of the legal system for autonomy, in order to maintain its viability. If a legal academic assumes the position of an outside observer, she may entirely ignore all these concerns and simply follow the methodological standards of descriptive social science. This is, for instance, what most of law and economics does. The legal academic may, instead, choose to contribute to the making of new law. She will then find it advisable to partly ignore the strictures of rigorous methodology in order to be open to more aspects of the regulatory issue. But it is not difficult, at least, to follow the standards of the social sciences for analysing the core problem. The integration is most difficult if an academic does doctrinal work. But it is precisely here where the division of intellectual labour between legal practice and legal academia is most important. Academics who themselves are versatile in the respective social science translate the decisive insights into suggestions for a better reading of statutory provisions or case law.law and economics, law and statistics, explanation vs. decision-making, practical reasoning, psychology of judicial decision-making
Stilbochlora wedmanorum Engel 2019, new species
No full textStilbochlora wedmanorum Engel, new species (Figs. 5–7, 14, 18) ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1C4305F5-1F24-42D0-AEB3-E037B7AA6C34 DIAGNOSIS: As in all of the new species reported herein, this species has a more densely striate propodeum relative to the type species of the genus. Unlike S. graceae and S. kateae, however, the striae only extend to about midlength and the striate area is roughly crescent shape (Figs. 14, 18). Like S. kateae, this species is predominantly blue, with dark brown legs and clypeal apex (Figs. 5–7). DESCRIPTION: ♀: Total body length 6.74 mm; forewing length 4.68 mm. Head slightly wider than long (length 1.60 mm, width 1.73 mm); distal half of clypeus projecting below lower tangent of compound eyes; frontal line carinate from approximately lower tangent of toruli to about one torular diameter above upper tangent of toruli; upper interorbital distance 0.93 mm; lower interorbital distance 0.67 mm; ocellocular distance approximately 1.75× ocellar diameter. Scape long, extending to level of lateral ocelli; pedicel longer than first flagellomere; first and second flagellomeres subequal in length. Gena narrower than compound eye in profile. Mesoscutum with median and parapsidal lines moderately impressed, parapsidal line approximately 0.75× length of median line; intertegular distance 1.33 mm; mesoscutellum nearly twice as long as metanotum, approximately subequal to basal area of propodeum. Forewing with basal vein distad 1cu-a by 4× vein width; 1rs-m straight, confluent to slightly basad 1m-cu, roughly parallel to 2Rs; 3Rs subequal to r-rs, and subequal to 4Rs; 5Rs comparatively straight, thus marginal cell tapering uniformly to acutely rounded apex; 2M subequal to 3Rs; 3M more than 2× length 2M; 2rs-m nearly straight, distad 2m-cu by 5× vein width; hind wing with distal hamuli arranged 2-1-2. Inner metatibial spur with five branches, not including apical portion of rachis. Clypeus with coarse punctures separated by less than a puncture width centrally, puncture smaller and a bit more spaced near borders, integument between punctures faintly and finely coriarious to nearly smooth, coriarious integument more prominent in metallic areas; supraclypeal area with punctures smaller than on clypeus, separated by 2–5× a puncture width except denser above near intertorular area, integument between punctures weakly and finely coriarious; face below tangent of antennal toruli with minute punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument between punctures smooth; face above tangent of antennal toruli with minute punctures nearly contiguous, integument between punctures smooth; punctures becoming more spaced toward ocellar area and in ocellocular area, in ocellocular area separated by 3–7× a puncture width, integument between punctures smooth; vertex with integument as described for ocellocular area; gena with punctures separated by 2–3× a puncture width, blending ventrally to coriarious integument of postgena; postgena prominently coriarious and impunctate. Pronotum smooth, with sparsely scatered punctures; mesoscutum with minute punctures separated by 2–5× a puncture width, not noticeably more closely spaced around parapsidal line, integument between punctures smooth; tegula smooth and impunctate except a few, sparsely scatered, weak punctures; mesoscutellum with integument as on central disc of mesoscutum except punctures more widely spaced, punctures along posterior border larger and weaker; metanotum minutely nodulose, integument otherwise finely coriarious; preëpisternum with coarse, shallow punctures nearly contiguous, integument between punctures smooth, hypoepimeral area with sparse, small punctures, otherwise smooth; mesepisternum with small, shallow punctures separated by 3–5× a puncture width; metepisternum smooth with sparsely scatered minute punctures; basal area of propodeum smooth, glabrous, shining, with prominent striae radiating from basal margin, striae short, extending to about midlength of basal area, striae not longer medially, striae closely spaced; lateral and posterior surfaces of propodeum smooth with scatered minute punctures, punctures of posterior surface sparser than those of lateral surface. Metasomal tergum I largely smooth, with scatered minute punctures, apical margin finely, weakly, transversely coriarious and impunctate; terga II–IV as on tergum I except minute punctures of disc more numerous, separated by 2–4× a puncture width, becoming weaker toward apical margin, apical margin as on tergum I; tergum V as on preceding terga except punctures more prominent and more closely spaced; sterna with basal areas smooth and impunctate, central discs finely coriarious and nodulose at setal bases. Mandible brown with reddish apex and lighter center; labrum brown; clypeus brown except metallic blue bordering epistomal sulcus; supraclypeal area and remainder of face brilliant metallic blue with greenish highlights in parocular area; gena as on face; postgena metallic blue-green; antenna dark brown except flagellomeres ventrally lighter, particularly apex and venter of distalmost flagellomere brownish yellow. Pronotum and propleuron dark brown with strong metallic blue highlights and weaker greenish highlights; mesoscutum brilliant metallic blue with greenish highlights; tegula brown, semi-translucent; mesoscutellum and metanotum as on mesoscutum; mes- and metepisternum as on mesoscutum; propodeum as on mesoscutum except greenish highlights lacking; legs largely brown except lighter on tarsi. Wing membranes hyaline and clear; veins dark brown to brown. Metasoma largely dark brown; terga with strong metallic blue highlights and areas of purplish highlights, highlights absent in marginal areas giving metasomal dorsum superficial banded appearance. Pubescence largely white to off white; face with scatered, fine, simple, suberect to erect setae, such setae intermingled with shorter, highly branched to plumose setae on lower face and along ocular borders, such setae not obscuring integument, on upper face fine, short, erect setae, setae becoming longer again on vertex and between ocelli; gena with setae as on vertex except long, erect to suberect setae, with a few apical branches, intermingled with shorter, plumose setae medially; postgena with sparse, elongate, erect setae, some setae with a few apical branches. Mesoscutum with scattered, short, fine, erect, simple setae, some with a few, minute branches, intermixed with shorter erect setae; mesoscutellum as on mesoscutum except intermixed with elongate setae with short branches, such setae most abundant posteriorly, laterally with scatered mid-sized, feathery setae; metanotum as on mesoscutum except elongate setae more numerous; pleura with long, erect to suberect, simple setae, such setae becoming slightly longer ventrally; basal area of propodeum glabrous; lateral and posterior surfaces with setae as on pleura except more numerous on lateral surface and sparser and more erect on posterior surface. Setae of legs largely white, except more yellowish on tarsomeres. Metasomal tergum I with long, erect, simple setae on anterior-facing surface, such setae becoming sparse, short, and more inclined medioapically, dorsal-facing surface with sparse, short, suberect setae, narrow apical margin glabrous; terga II–IV with fine, short, suberect to subappressed, simple setae, intermingled with longer, suberect, simple setae, such longer setae progressively more numerous on succeeding terga; tergum V with setae more numerous than on preceding terga and short setae of disc more fuscous; central discs of sterna with abundant, elongate, erect, simple setae, a few with short branches. ♂: Latet. HOLOTYPE: ♀, Peru: Madre de Dios, Cocha Salvador, Reserved Zone, Manu National Park, 310 m, 12°0’13’’S, 71°31’36’’W, 20–21 Oct 2000, R. Brooks, ex: flight intercept trap (SEMC). PARATYPES: 3♀♀, same data as holotype (SEMC). ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet honors Scot D. and L. Kim Wedman, inspiring and supportive friends to the author and his spouse, Kellie.Published as part of Engel, Michael S., 2019, New species of the augochlorine bee genus Stilbochlora, with a preliminary key (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), pp. 1-15 in Journal of Melitology 2019 (89) on pages 8-14, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i89.11734, http://zenodo.org/record/805743
FIGURE 1. A in Treatise on the Isoptera of the World
No full textFIGURE 1. A. Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), the founder of taxonomy; B. Pierre A. Latreille, author of the family Termitidae; C. Charles De Geer, French naturalist; D. Johann C. Fabricius, Danish entomologist and one of the more successful "apostles" of Linnaeus.Published as part of <i>Krishna, Kumar, Grimaldi, David A., Krishna, Valerie & Engel, Michael S., 2013, Treatise on the Isoptera of the World, pp. 200-623 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2704 (377)</i> on page 12, DOI: 10.1206/377.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10113630">http://zenodo.org/record/10113630</a>
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