861 research outputs found
Caroline Emelia Stephen
No full textExcerpt: Caroline Emelia Stephen, born on December 8, 1834, was notable for a number of reasons. Her connections were impressive: she was the unmarried daughter of Sir James Stephen (the noted Under-Secretary for the Colonies in 1836-1847), the sister of Leslie Stephen (author of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography), sister-in-law to Minny Thackeray Stephen and Anny Thackeray Ritchie (daughters of William Makepeace Thackeray), and aunt to Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell. Her grandfather, also Sir James Stephen, wrote the legislation that ended slavery in England. Known as a Quaker mystic, she is credited with bringing about the revival of the Society of Friends in the latter part of the nineteenth century through writings about her conversion
Doppler transmitral flow indexes and risk of atrial fibrillation (the Framingham Heart Study)
No full textAtrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by structural remodeling and atrial systolic failure. It is unclear if atrial filling abnormalities precede the onset of AF. We evaluated 942 Framingham Study subjects (587 women; mean age 75 years) who underwent Doppler echocardiographic evaluation at a routine examination and who did not have a history of AF. We used multivariable Cox regression models (stratified by gender and prevalent cardiovascular disease) to examine the relations of Doppler transmitral flow indexes (ratio of the velocity-time integrals of the early [E] and late [A] diastolic filling waves [VTI E/A], a correlate of atrial conduit function; E-wave deceleration time; the atrial filling fraction, an index of atrial systolic function; and peak A wave velocity) to the incidence of AF. At follow-up (mean 7 years), 85 subjects (41 women) developed AF. In models adjusting for established risk factors for AF (including left atrial size) at baseline, and for heart failure and myocardial infarction on follow-up, a 1 SD increment in VTI E/A was associated with a 28% increase in risk of AF (hazards ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.59). A 1 SD decrease in the atrial filling fraction was associated with a 28% higher risk of AF (hazards ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.67). There was a U-shaped relation between peak A-wave velocity and risk of AF. Thus, in our elderly community-based sample, increased VTI E/A and a low atrial filling fraction were markers of increased risk of AF, suggesting that altered atrial filling may antedate AF
sj-pdf-2-vmj-10.1177_1358863X221126205 – Supplemental material for Association of electronic cigarette use with circulating angiogenic cell levels in healthy young adults: Evidence for chronic systemic injury
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-vmj-10.1177_1358863X221126205 for Association of electronic cigarette use with circulating angiogenic cell levels in healthy young adults: Evidence for chronic systemic injury by Alok R Amraotkar, Ugochukwu S Owolabi, Marina V Malovichko, Sana Majid, Robert M Weisbrod, Emelia J Benjamin, Jessica L Fetterman, Glenn A Hirsch, Sanjay Srivastava, Ram Poudel, Rose Marie Robertson, Aruni Bhatnagar, Naomi M Hamburg and Rachel J Keith in Vascular Medicine</p
sj-pdf-1-vmj-10.1177_1358863X221126205 – Supplemental material for Association of electronic cigarette use with circulating angiogenic cell levels in healthy young adults: Evidence for chronic systemic injury
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vmj-10.1177_1358863X221126205 for Association of electronic cigarette use with circulating angiogenic cell levels in healthy young adults: Evidence for chronic systemic injury by Alok R Amraotkar, Ugochukwu S Owolabi, Marina V Malovichko, Sana Majid, Robert M Weisbrod, Emelia J Benjamin, Jessica L Fetterman, Glenn A Hirsch, Sanjay Srivastava, Ram Poudel, Rose Marie Robertson, Aruni Bhatnagar, Naomi M Hamburg and Rachel J Keith in Vascular Medicine</p
Developing Methodologies for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Libraries: Parallel Synthesis of Flavours, Maleimides, alpha-beta-Unsaturated-gamma-Butryrolactams and Isoquinolines
No full textTitle: Developing Methodologies for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Libraries: Parallel Synthesis of Flavons, Maleimines, α-β-Unsaturated-γ-Butyrolactams and Isoquinolines, Author: Emelia Awuah, Location: MillsParallel synthesis technologies that allow for rapid generation of compound
collections that can be screened and quickly provide useful structure-activity
relationships are needed to probe and understand biological systems. Synthetic strategies
that are robust and allow the rapid access to a library of flavones, maleimides, α-β-unsaturated-γ-butyrolactams and isoquinolines are described. A Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3 catalyst system incorporating the 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,8-
trioxa-6-phenyl-6-phosphaadamantane (PA-Ph) ligand permits the generation of a library
of substituted flavones via sequential microwave-assisted copper free Sonogashira and
carbonylation annulation reactions under mild conditions. Application of this protocol is
described for several aryl iodides and bromides with TMS-acetylenes allowing for the
"one pot" synthesis of a diverse collection of substituted flavones. Synthetic strategies that led to the generation of libraries of bisaryl-maleirnides,
anilinoaryl-maleimides and bisanilino-maleimides as well as bisaryl substituted α-β-unsaturated-γ-butyrolactams are described. The reaction protocol also takes advantage of
Pd-cross-coupling reactions using the catalytic system mentioned above as well as
Michael addition / elimination reactions. Reaction conditions that allow for the control
necessary for the synthesis of a library of symmetrical and non-symmetrical 3,4-
disubstituted maleimides from N-(p-methoxybenzyl)-3,4-dibromomaleimide as well as
symmetrical and non-symmetrical 3,4-disubstituted α-β-Unsaturated-γ-Butyrolactams from 3,4-dibromo-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one are presented. Protocol for facile deprotection of the p-methoxybenzyl group to generate the final products of both
3,4-disubstituted maleimides and 3,4-substituted α-β-unsaturated-γ-butyrolactams is also
described. A robust parallel synthetic strategy that makes use of simple, cheap and readily
available precursors is described for the preparation of a library of substituted
isoquinolines. The approach involves microwave-assisted Pictet-Spengler and Bischler-Napieralski
cyclizations. In addition, a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction protocol
using the Pd/PA-Ph provides access to a diverse collection of C1 and C4 substituted
isoquinolines via the activation of an isoquinolin-1 (2H)-one scaffold. A protocol for the Pd- catalyzed α-arylation of active methylene compounds using
the palladium complex of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-6-(isobutyl)-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane
(P A-iBu) to generate products that served as precursors for a diverse
collection of substituted isoquinolines is also described.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
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