1,721,022 research outputs found
Aceclidine, brimonidine tartrate, and dapiprazole: comparison of miotic effect and tolerability under different lighting conditions.
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the effect on pupil diameter of three different miotic eye-drops: aceclidine, brimonidine tartrate 0.20% and dapiprazole, when applied topically in normal subjects
Methods: The eyes of 30 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Pupil diameter was measured under scotopic, mesopic (4 lux) and photopic (50 lux) conditions, using an infrared pupillometer, in conjunction with a CSOTM topographer. The first measurement was obtained before the sole instillation of the three different kinds of eye drops. Afterwards, measurements were performed after 30, 120 and 240 minutes. Each additional eye medication was tested further after at least a 10 day interval in order to avoid any possible drug interference. Every patient received a questionnaire to grade the tolerability of each kind of eye drops by a subjective scoring system.
Results:Aceclidine had an unimportant miotic effect. Brimonidine caused significant miosis within 30 and 120 minutes: then the effect reduced without reaching the initial baseline at the forth hour in all different luminance conditions. Dapiprazole had a quite similar miotic effect to brimonidine but it produced many side effects, including hyperemia and burning, which caused too much discomfort for most of patients. Conclusions: Brimonidine tartrate 0.20% seems to have the best miotic effect together with good patient tolerability in comparison with aceclidine and dapiprazole. The reproducible miotic effect of this eye drop under all lighting conditions might help postoperative refractive patients who report night-vision difficulties related with large pupils
Cheratoplastica lamellare profonda: una valida alternativa alla cheratoplastica perforante.
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FK-506 delays corneal graft rejection in a model of corneal xenotransplantation
No full textFK-506 is a relatively new immunosuppressant similar in action to cyclosporine A, but is much more potent. Its primary action is against T lymphocytes, the major cellular component in corneal allograft rejection. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the ability of topical and systemic FK-506 in preventing corneal xenograft rejection in an experimental animal model. Cross-species xenotransplants were used as the most vigorous stimulus to induce corneal rejection. Corneas derived from Hartley guinea pigs were transplanted into the left eyes of 32 male Lewis rats. Topical treatment was administered by using FK-506 0.3 mg/ml in a cyclodextrin suspension or vehicle (cyclodextrin suspension) four times per day. For systemic treatment, 0.5 mg/kg/day of FK-506 or vehicle (saline) was administered intraperitoneally. Treatments were started 60 minutes after surgery and continued for 21 days. The grafts underwent a double-masked examination, and a score was given for clarity, edema, and vascularization. The animals were sacrificed 21 days after transplantation. The control groups had allograft rejection after 6.75 +/- 0.31 (topical vehicle) and after 7.37 +/- 0.32 (systemic vehicle) days. The FK-506-treated groups showed allograft rejection after 14 +/- 0.88 (topical FK-506) or after 16.25 +/- 1.23 (systemic FK-506) days. In addition, FK-506-treated rats manifested less corneal neovascularization than control animals. We conclude that systemic or topical FK-506 is effective in prolonging xenograft survival in the rat keratoplasty model
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