1,720,986 research outputs found
A botanicals-based microencapsulated feed additive protects weaning piglets during a challenge with Escherichia coli LPS
No full textThyme essential oil and its phenolic derivatives are effective anticoccidial and antibacterial against Eimeria tenella and Clostridium perfringens in vitro
No full textCoccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, is one of the main threats for aviculture, as it causes severe hemorrhagic diarrhea and acts as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis, whose causative agent is Clostridium perfringens. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the anticoccidial and anticlostridial efficacy of thyme essential oil and its main phenolic bioactive compounds (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) against E. tenella and C. perfringens, respectively by invasion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, in comparison with conventional antibiotics.
For the invasion assay, confluent Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells were challenged with E. tenella sporozoites (5x104/cm2), without (control) or with various treatments: salinomycin (5 ppm), thyme oil (40 ppm, thymol content 50%), thymol, carvacrol or eugenol (20 ppm each). After 2 and 24 h at 37°C the efficiency of invasion was determined by counting free sporozoites left in the medium outside cells. For the MIC assay, a broth microdilution method on 96-well microtiter plates was used to test a range of concentrations (2-fold dilutions) of bacitracin (64-0.5 ppm), thyme essential oil (2000-62.5 ppm, thymol content 50%), thymol, carvacrol or eugenol (7.5-0.23 mM). Clostridium perfringens ATCC® 13124 strain (105 CFU/mL) was incubated with the substances under anaerobic conditions in Reinforced Clostridial Medium at 37°C for 24 h. After incubation, the absorbance at 630 nm was read with a spectrophotometer to measure bacterial growth. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration that resulted in null absorbance. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and differences considered significant at p<0.05.
The invasion assay showed that all the treatments significantly inhibited E. tenella invasion efficiency compared to the control already after 2 hours by 55% on average and similarly at 24 h with the highest reduction for salinomycin (-54% compared to control) and an average reduction of 35% for all the botanical treatments (p<0.001). Against C. perfringens the MIC values were found for bacitracin at 2 ppm, for thymol and carvacrol at 1.87 mM, for eugenol at 3.75 mM and for thyme oil at 500 ppm (equivalent to 1.66 mM of thymol).
In conclusion, both thyme essential oil and its main phenolic bioactive compounds demonstrated anticoccidial and bactericidal activity against E. tenella and C. perfringens in vitro. Thus, these botanicals could be valuable tools to counteract the causative agents of avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis
Effet d’un mélange microencapsulé de substances aromatiques chez le porcelet sevré, infecté artificiellement avec Escherichia coli F4
No full textA thymol-based blend of botanicals can protect intestinal cells during a chronic inflammatory challenge in vitro
No full textThyme oil and thymol as ZnO alternatives to control E. coli K88/F4 infection on in vitro cultured enterocytes
No full textP117. Development of an in vitro model to study intestinal integrity during an E. coli K88 challenge
No full textProtective effect of a microencapsulated mixture of botanicals in the feed of weaning piglets artificially challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide
No full textA blend of selected botanicals maintains intestinal epithelial integrity and reduces susceptibility to Escherichia coli F4 infection by modulating acute and chronic inflammation in vitro
Full text linkIn the pig production cycle, the most delicate phase is weaning, a sudden and early change that requires a quick adaptation, at the cost of developing inflammation and oxidation, especially at the intestinal level. In this period, pathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) contribute to the establishment of diarrhea, with long-lasting detrimental effects. Botanicals and their single bioactive components represent sustainable well-recognized tools in animal nutrition thanks to their wide-ranging beneficial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro mechanism of action of a blend of botanicals (BOT), composed of thymol, grapeseed extract, and capsicum oleoresin, in supporting intestinal cell health during inflammatory challenges and ETEC infections. To reach this, we performed inflammatory and ETEC challenges on Caco-2 cells treated with BOT, measuring epithelial integrity, cellular oxidative stress, bacterial translocation and adhesion, gene expression levels, and examining tight junction distribution. BOT protected enterocytes against acute inflammation: while the challenge reduced epithelial tightness by 40%, BOT significantly limited its drop to 30%, also allowing faster recovery rates. In the case of chronic inflammation, BOT systematically improved by an average of 25% the integrity of challenged cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, when cells were infected with ETEC, BOT maintained epithelial integrity at the same level as an effective antibiotic and significantly reduced bacterial translocation by 1 log average. The mode of action of BOT was strictly related to the modulation of the inflammatory response, protecting tight junctions’ expression and structure. In addition, BOT influenced ETEC adhesion to intestinal cells (−4%, p < 0.05), also thanks to the reduction of enterocytes’ susceptibility to pathogens. Finally, BOT effectively scavenged reactive oxygen species generated by inflammatory and H2O2 challenges, thus alleviating oxidative stress by 40% compared to challenge (p < 0.05). These results support the employment of BOT in piglets at weaning to help manage bacterial infections and relieve transient or prolonged stressful states thanks to the modulation of host-pathogen interaction and the fine-tuning activity on the inflammatory tone
Antimicrobial kinetics of a blend of bioactive compounds and its role in maintaining epithelial integrity during a Clostridium perfringens challenge on a chicken intestinal cell line
No full textThyme oil and thymol as zinc oxide alternatives to protect cultured enterocytes from E. coli K88/F4 during an in vitro infection
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