527 research outputs found
Notes on infinitival relatives in Italian
Get PDFHere certain properties of Italian infinitival relatives will be discussed which to our knowledge have not been addressed in previous work on this topic (Napoli 1976; Cinque 1988: §1.1.5; Bianchi 1991, 2007). In particular, we will point out a distinction between two ‘da + infinitive’ relative constructions and a difference between da infinitival relatives and infinitival relatives introduced by relative pronouns; furthermore, we will illustrate the bounded vs unbounded nature of relativization under restructuring, and the properties of restrictive vs non-restrictive infinitival relatives
Reti finanziarie, reti commerciali. Operatori economici stranieri in Portogallo (XVI-XVIII secolo)
No full textLa sezione monografica qui presentata ha come tema le attività mercantili e finanziarie di operatori stranieri presenti in Portogallo nei secoli XVI-XVIII. Ciascun contributo prenderà in considerazione un tipo specifico di operatori economici, siano essi famiglie mercantili, intermediari finanziari, mercanti, che operano nel vasto panorama del mondo iberico attraverso la creazione di reti sociali, le quali rappresentano la complessità e la molteplicità di scambi economici che abbracciano diverse regioni ma che trovano nella capitale portoghese e nelle Monarchie Ispaniche il loro centro.
La sezione si compone di una breve presentazione e di cinque interventi, un primo di carattere metodologico-teorico e i successivi quattro che affrontano attraverso casi specifici il tema della sezione
The Epithelial Barrier Model Shows That the Properties of VSL#3 Depend from Where It Is Manufactured
No full textBackground: VSL#3 has been extensively investigated and is currently recommended for the prevention and treatment of chronic pouchitis and ulcerative colitis. Nonetheless, in vitro and in vivo studies have recently shown variability in the VSL#3 efficacy often attributed to the manufacturing process. Objective: The aim was to comparatively study the in vitro effects of two VSL#3 preparations produced in different sites (named US- and Italy-made VSL#3) on CaCo-2 epithelial barrier model in terms of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), dextran flux and expression of TJ proteins i.e. zonulin-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, in the absence or presence of a heat stress-related damage of monolayer. Methods: TEER was evaluated on CaCo-2 differentiated monolayers. Epithelial permeability of polarized monolayers was assessed by measuring the FITC-labeled dextran flux from the apical to basolateral chambers. ZO-1/occludin levels were analyzed by western blotting analysis. A set of experiments was performed to compare the effects of both VSL#3 on TEER values, dextran flux and ZO- 1/occludin expression in CaCo-2 monolayers after heat stress exposure. Results: US- and Italy-made VSL#3 have opposing effects on TEER values, dextran flux, and ZO- 1/occludin expression, being all these parameters negatively influenced just by Italy-made product. US-made probiotic did not affect baseline TEER, dextran flux and ZO-1 expression and strongly increased occludin levels. Of note, pre-treatment of monolayer with US-made VLS#3, but not Italy-made product, totally prevented the heat-induced epithelial barrier integrity loss. Conclusion: Our data trigger the need for reassessing efficacy or safety of the Italy-made VSL#3 considering intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in maintaining host health
Cinque temi del modernocontemporaneo. Memoria, natura, energia, comunicazione, catastrofe
No full textDall’inizio del Novecento innovazioni tecnologiche e condizioni storico-culturali
hanno aperto la strada a molteplici sperimentazioni architettoniche e a
nuovi indirizzi teorici. Il dibattito disciplinare si è ulteriormente frammentato e
articolato a partire dalla seconda metà degli anni Sessanta, quando la pluralità
di mezzi di comunicazione a disposizione ha reso ancora più complesse le interferenze
tra società, arti e tecniche. Per capire oggi le teorie dell’architettura
contemporanea e il pensiero sotteso al lavoro del progettista occorre confrontarsi
con materiali molto eterogeni: non solo le opere, i progetti e i manuali
come accadeva in passato, ma soprattutto le mostre, le pubblicazioni sulle riviste
e sui libri, i film, le fotografie, i modelli e internet. L’ampia ed eterogenea
disponibilità di documentazione sull’architettura racconta anche del mutato
modo di fare “teoria” e “storia”.
Lo scenario di riferimento di questo libro sono quindi le idee che interessano
l’architettura del Novecento e del nuovo millennio, qui esaminate attraverso
cinque temi: Memoria, Natura, Energia, Comunicazione e Catastrofe . Sono
parole che si relazionano a forme del pensiero, a pratiche del progetto e a modi
di intervenire sugli edifici e sul territorio e servono a ricostruire storie e geografie
del modernocontemporaneo
Rilievi e analisi geometriche sulle cupole adrianee
No full textI numerosi ed approfonditi studi sulle cupole adrianee non appaiono organizzati secondo un corpus integrato di conoscenze in grado di chiarirne le modalità di progettazione. Le volte ad ombrello simili a “zucche” (Serapeo, Vestibolo di Piazza d’Oro) o quelle più simili a “tende” (Piccole Terme e forse Aula ottagonale meridionale di Piazza d’Oro, Belvedere dell’Accademia), infatti, pur essendo estremamente note non risultano ancora riferibili ad un quadro complessivo di “regole geometriche” che chiariscano i modi della progettazione e della verifica statico-costruttiva
Effect of vaginal probiotic lactobacilli on in vitro-induced sperm lipid peroxidation and its impact on sperm motility and viability
No full text"A combination of three selected strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus brevis [CD2], L. salivarius [FV2], and L. plantarum [FV9]), whose effectiveness in treating bacterial vaginosis in the form of vaginal tablets has been reported recently, prevented sperm lipid peroxidation that was induced in vitro by a ferrous ion promoter, thus preserving sperm motility and viability. This finding suggests the potential of vaginal probiotic lactobacilli for protecting human spermatozoa from radical oxygen species in the presence of vaginal disorders, thereby improving the fertilization potential of the female host..
Induction of apoptosis by quercetin: different response of human chronic myeloid (K562) and acute lymphoblastic (HSB-2) leukemia cells
No full textThis work shows that 25 lM quercetin caused a marked inhibition of K562 cells growth together with a mild cytotoxicity,
while HSB-2 cells were practically unaffected. Moreover, quercetin induced caspase-3 and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis
almost exclusively in the former cell line. Exposure of K562 cells to quercetin caused also a significant increase of cells in G2/
M phase that reached the maximum peak at 24 h (4-fold with respect to the basal value). The major sensitivity exhibited by
K562 cells was only in part imputable to their higher glutathione content, as compared to HSB-2 cells, thus confirming
previous reports describing the formation of intracellular quercetin–thiol toxic adducts in cells exposed to the flavonoid. In fact,
after induction of intracellular glutathione increase we detected in both cell lines a significant rise of apoptotic cells, again more
marked in K562 cells. By contrast, glutathione-depleted cells, failed to show a decrease of apoptosis in both cell lines, thus
contradicting our previous findings and literature data. Since the yet unresolved question about the anti-oxidant or the prooxidant
capacity of quercetin, we investigated which of these two properties worked in our experimental model. Interestingly,
not only quercetin did not produce reactive oxygen species but also prevented their formation, as observed in cells exposed to
the oxidizing agent ter-butylhydroperoxide, acting as an efficient oxygen radicals scavenger. This result indicates that quercetin
exhibited, in these cell lines, anti-oxidant more than pro-oxidant ability
Biological control of vaginosis to improve reproductive health
No full textAbstract
The human vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of a woman's health, as well as of her partner's and newborns'. When this predominantly Lactobacillus community is disrupted, decreased in abundance and replaced by different anaerobes, bacterial vaginosis (BV) may occur. BV is associated with ascending infections and obstetrical complications, such as chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery, as well as with urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections. In BV the overgrowth of anaerobes produces noxious substances like polyamines and other compounds that trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-8. BV can profoundly affect, with different mechanisms, all the phases of a woman's life in relation to reproduction, before pregnancy, during fertilization, through and at the end of pregnancy. BV can directly affect fertility, since an ascending dissemination of the involved species may lead to tubal factor infertility. Moreover, the increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases contributes to damage to reproductive health. Exogenous strains of lactobacilli have been suggested as a means of re-establishing a normal healthy vaginal flora. Carefully selected probiotic strains can eliminate BV and also exert an antiviral effect, thus reducing viral load and preventing foetal and neonatal infection. The administration of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics) can aid recovery from infection and restore and maintain a healthy vaginal ecosystem, thus improving female health also in relation to reproductive health
Erk-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity is induced by CD95 ligand cross-linking in the mouse derived Sertoli cell line TM4 and is required to trigger apoptosis in CD95 bearing cells
No full textIn the present study we demonstrated that CD95L cross-linking generated reverse signalling in the mouse derived Sertoli cell line TM4. Treatment of TM4 cells with mAb anti-CD95L induced activation of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). Cytosolic PLA2 activation was controlled by the MAPK pathway as indicated by the ability of the specific MEK inhibitor, PD098059, to abolish cPLA2 activation. In addition, Western blot experiments showed a rapid increase in phosphorylated Erk1/2 following CD95L cross-linking, while no effect on the phosphorylation of other MAPK, p38 or JNK, was observed. CD95L cross-linking by mAb increased the levels of soluble CD95L and apoptotic activity of TM4 cell supernatants, which was blocked by co-incubation with the PLA2 inhibitor, AACOCF3 or PD098059. Finally, pre-treatment of TM4 cells with AACOCF3 or PD098059 completely abolished TM4-induced apoptosis of Jurkat T cells, thus indicating that the Erk/cPLA2 pathway is required for CD95L-induced apoptosis
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