1,721,097 research outputs found
Households in potential economic distress. A geographically weighted regression model for Italy, 2001–2011
No full textThe potential economic distress of households is a phenomenon bound up with a very broad set of economic, demographic and social factors. This paper is concerned with the identification of these factors and of how their spatial variability influences the spatial variability of the Share of Households in Potential Economic Distress (SHED). To this end, a model of geographically weighted regression (GWR) is calculated for the SHED observed in the 110 Italian provinces at the time of the last two censuses (2001 and 2011). The results show that the SHED and its determinants present a sharply defined geographical pattern that varies over the ten-year interval
World population densities: convergence, stability, or divergence?
No full textTaylor’s law states that the variance of population density in a given set of areas is a power function of its mean. When the exponent is equal to 2, the distribution of population densities between areas remains unchanged; when it is less than 2, the distribution converges toward the uniform distribution; when it is greater than 2, the densities become increasingly different from each other over time. The exponent takes the value 2 for East Asia, the Pacific, and South Asia. It takes a value greater than 2 for sub-Saharan Africa because the ongoing demographic transition and intense urbanization are redistributing the population over the territories. The exponent is lower than 2 for the other regions of the world, which have completed their demographic transition and where the rural exodus has been completed
Administrative boundaries and homogeneous areas with respect to demographic features of resident population in Tuscany
No full textThe paper is based on the idea that the organization of services by local authorities should take into account both the demographic features of the resident population and the spatial dimension of the territory involved. As regards the former, it seeks to identify homogeneous and spatially contiguous areas between the municipal and regional levels in Tuscany, the region analysed in this study. Demographic indicators of usually resident population plus the spatial attributes of each tuscan municipality have been used as the input of a spatial clustering and regionalization model in order to obtain n areas that minimize the inner heterogeneity of the demographic structure under the constraint of spatial contiguity
DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND SPATIALLY CONTIGUOUS AREAS IN TUSCANY
No full textAbstract. It is argued that the organization of services by local authorities should take into
account both the demographic features of the usually resident population and the spatial
dimension of the territory involved. Focusing on the Italian region of Tuscany, the paper
seeks to identify homogeneous and spatially contiguous areas between the municipal and
regional levels. Demographic indexes of usually resident population and spatial attributes
of each Tuscan municipality are used as the input of a spatial clustering and regionalization
model in order to obtain nareas that minimize the internal heterogeneity of the demographic
structure under the constraint of spatial contiguit
Regionalization with dynamically constrained agglomerative clustering and partitioning. An application on spatial segregation of foreign population in Italy at regional level
No full textWe propose an application of a new method of regionalization and spatial clustering called RedCap. Firstly we describe this method and how it works and then we propose a possible application of it: finding homogenous and spatially contiguity areas in Italy with the regard of spatial segregation of foreign population.
The results obtained offer first indications about the spatial dimension of foreign population in Italy and could be a start point to develop new and more deeply analysis in the future applying this kind of method
Rise (and Decline) of European Migrants in Greece: Exploring Spatial Determinants of Residential Mobility (1988–2017), with Special Focus on Older Ages
Full text linkAging, European Union consolidation, and human mobility across countries are three entangled processes making the Mediterranean region of Europe an attractive retirement place thanks to mild climate and lower costs of living. Residential mobility of retired workers in Europe has grown rapidly since the 1980s because of increased wealth, transportation improvements, and flexibility of working lives. However, residential mobility after retirement was occasionally investigated in relation with economic cycles; recession was hypothesized to negatively impact residential mobility from Northern/Western/Central Europe to Mediterranean countries. Considering economic and population dynamics over the last three decades, the present work documents the drastic reduction in the number of European immigrants in Greece after the 2007 recession, with the exception of retirees. Job shortage and worse socioeconomic conditions were demonstrated to alter settlement patterns and location preferences of migrants at both younger and older ages. Results of our study suggest a rethinking of the role of spatial planning and developmental measures in local communities less organized to host increasing flows of retirees from Northern Europe. Being increasingly required to provide services for aging population, social policies should reconcile retirement migration with internal demographic dynamics and the specificity of local contexts, promoting finely tuned taxation systems and appropriate spatial infrastructures
Does regional development explain international youth mobility? Spatial patterns and global/local determinants of the recent emigration of young Italians
Full text linkIn this essay, we tackle the issue of the international mobility of young Italians in relation to regional disparities. Our intention is to determine if and to what extent a relationship exists between regional development and the international mobility of young people. We analyze the international migration of Italian citizens aged 15-34 who left the country in the period 2010-2017 using several variables that reflect the varying conditions found in different NUTS 3-level regions in terms of economic dynamism, labor-market efficiency, social fragility, educational underdevelopment and spatial peripherality. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models show that the international mobility of young Italians is very much dependent on local conditions and affected by spatial differences. It is greatest in the most economically dynamic areas of the country, in border regions and in metropolitan areas, with factors relating to spatial proximity and peripherality, imbalances in local labor markets, and paucity of human capital proving particularly significant
Urban Cycles and Long-Term Population Trends in a Southern European City: A Demographic Outlook
Full text linkMetropolitan regions in Europe experienced intense demographic change from accelerated population expansion sustained by high fertility and immigration to zero (or negative) growth and aging. Such transformations are particularly complex in Southern Europe and lead to a shift from the impressive urban growth driven by industrialization to a more recent de-concentration of inner cities and scattered metropolitan expansion. Based on long-term population data, the present study assumes that urban expansion and demographic trends in Southern Europe no longer follow sequential phases of growth and decline, being characterized by non-linear urban expansion and distinctive demographic trends. Such hypothesis was tested considering a complete urban cycle and the associated population trends over a sufficiently long time interval (1848–2011) in metropolitan Athens, Greece. Population increase was assessed through the analysis of long-term census data made available on a district scale. Such analysis provided information on the spatial distribution of resident population and allowed identification of multiple expansion waves only partly aligned with predictions of the urban cycle model. The complex interplay between long-term fertility-mortality dynamics and short-term migration trends in Athens justifies deviations from model’s predictions. A long-term analysis of population trends at local scale contributes to re-contextualize urban cycles within the (more general) debate on demographic transitions, evidencing together the multi-scalar influence of population dynamics on metropolitan expansion and the importance of a historical analysis of population growth from the beginning of the modern urban experience
Economic downturns and compositional effects in regional population structures by age. A multi-temporal analysis in Greek regions, 1981–2017
Full text linkPopulation movements (international and internal migration) and changing fertility and mortality patterns have significantly affected demographic structures. Investigation of the relationship between (evolving) population structures and economic downturns is a key issue in economic demography. Analysis of compositional changes in regional population structures over a sufficiently long time interval may provide an informed knowledge to better understanding of this relationship and the underlying socioeconomic context in European countries. Based on these premises, Greece was considered a paradigmatic case of sequential economic expansions and recessions, impacting the structure of resident population in the last four decades. In this work, changes over time in population structures by age in Greek regions were explored (1981–2017) using a multi-temporal principal component analysis. A diachronic analysis of compositional effects of economic downturns on regional population structures indicates spatially-heterogeneous demographic processes in Greece. The subsequent recession has represented a turning point in Greek demography, consolidating changes in traditional family structures, while stimulating out-migration at younger ages to Northern and Western European regions and containing immigration from developing countries. Metropolitan areas and coastal districts had more rapid population dynamics, while peripheral rural regions experienced more rapid changes towards aging. Population aging had a short-term impact on regional population structures in Greece, with possibly negative consequences for the ability of the country’s economy to recover from crisis
Spatial residential patterns of selected foreign groups. A study in four Italian cities
No full textWhat are the spatial residential patterns of the main foreign groups residing in some large Italian cities? Using data from the last Italian demographic census (2011) at sub-municipality level, the study investigates on this research question. A spatial approach is applied to analyze the geographical distribution of the main foreign groups enumerated in the cities of Milan, Rome, Naples and Palermo. The results provide some interesting insights: the distribution of foreign groups coming from central and eastern European countries is quite scattered and shows a comparative low level of dissimilarity to the spatial distribution of Italians. Conversely, foreign groups coming from more distant countries (like China, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) show spatial distributions characterized by a comparative low level of dispersion and a comparative high level of dissimilarity to the spatial distribution of Italians
- …
