1,721,123 research outputs found
Binge drinking and inhibitory control: a mini-review of fMRI studies
No full textINTRODUCTION: Binge drinking (BD) refers to the intake of a high level of alcohol in a limited amount of time followed by a period of reduction or absence of alcohol consumption. Given the increase of BD during adolescence, understanding the potentially dangerous effects of consuming large amounts of alcohol on neural circuitry and cognitive status has public health and social importance. From a cognitive point of view, excessive alcohol intake at a young age can affect executive functions and, in particular, inhibitory control capacity. This, in turn, further reduces the ability to inhibit seeking and consuming alcohol at risky levels, up to the establishment of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Therefore, in this review, we describe current evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that examined functional circuits associated with inhibitory control in binge drinkers.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The literature search retrieved 43 articles. After titles and abstracts screening, 30 records were excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Ten additional records were excluded after full-text review, while three studies were identified and include in this systematic mini-review.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Preliminary fMRI findings show increased activations in binge versus light drinkers during inhibitory control tasks (especially during incongruent conditions) in frontoparietal areas.CONCLUSIONS: In line with the continuum hypothesis, the results suggest that binge drinkers and individuals with AUD share functional brain alterations in regions ascribed to inhibitory control processes, reinforcing the hypothesis that BD and AUD may be considered two successive stages of the same phenomenon. Nontheless, longitudinal studies, in larger and better-characterized samples of binge and light drinkers, are needed to disentangle the role of inhibitory control processes in the development and maintenance of BD patterns. (Cite this article as: Rossetti MG, Longo C, Perlini C, Bellani M. Binge drinking and inhibitory control: a mini-review o
Commentary on “A systematic review of the effects of antipsychotic drugs on brain volume” by Moncrieff etc published in Psychological Medicine 2010, 1-14
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Emotion-Based Decision Making in schizophrenia: evidence from the Iowa Gambling Task
No full text[No abstract available
The potential role of the parietal lobe in schizophrenia
No full textAlthough the anatomy of the parietal lobe has been under-investigated in schizophrenia, some magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown decreased volumes, suggesting its possible implication for the pathophysiology of the disease
Longitudinal imaging studies in schizophrenia: the relationship between brain morphology and outcome measures.
No full textImaging studies have tried to identify morphological outcome measures of schizophrenia in the last two decades. In particular, longitudinal studies have reported a correlation between larger ventricles, decreased prefrontal volumes and worse outcome. This would potentially allow to isolate subtypes of schizophrenia patients with a worse prognosis and more evident biological impairments, ultimately helping in designing specific rehabilitation interventions
Language disturbances in schizophrenia
No full textLanguage disturbances represent a core feature of schizophrenia, affecting social interactions and quality of life. Here we summarize linguistic and pragmatic deficits and illustrate the role of brain imaging studies in delineating the neural substrates of language deficits in patients with schizophrenia
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