1,818 research outputs found
Horizon of the pre-implantation kidney biopsy for allocation: multidisciplinarity, methodology and innovation
No full textNo abstract availabl
Ein steiniger Weg : Studienabbruch und Studienerfolg im Kontext von Herausforderungen des (Studien-)Alltags
No full textStudienabbruch und Studienerfolg gelten gemeinhin als wesentliche Indikatoren für die Effizienz einer akademischen Ausbildung. Für eine hochschulische Institution ist dabei vor allem von Belang, ob sie über die Gestaltung ihrer Curricula und Studienbedingungen Studienabbruchentscheidungen, aber auch Studienerfolge beeinflussen kann.
Das Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Studie gilt zum einen der Frage, weshalb Studierende ihr Bachelor-Studium in Sozialer Arbeit vorzeitig beenden und wie die Entscheidungsprozesse, die zum Abbruch führen, verlaufen. Im Fokus steht insbesondere die Rekonstruktion der Motive, die einem Abbruch zugrunde liegen. Zum andern gilt die Untersuchung der Frage, welche Faktoren die Entscheidung begünstigen, ein Studium trotz vielen Belastungen – sei es im privaten, beruflichen oder studienbezogenen Bereich – weiterzuführen. In der Analyse werden die soziologischen Modelle des Studienabbruchs um sozialpsychologische und psychologische Aspekte angereichert. Diese Erweiterung des Blicks sichert einerseits eine angemessene Erklärungskraft für die untersuchten Fälle und erlaubt es anderseits, Empfehlungen für die hochschulische Praxis abzuleiten.
Die der Studie zugrunde liegenden Daten wurden anhand themenzentrierter Interviews gewonnen. Im Zeitraum von Oktober 2012 bis September 2014 wurden insgesamt zwanzig Personen interviewt: zehn Personen, die ihr Studium abgebrochen hatten, und zehn, die ihr Studium trotz vielen erlebten Schwierigkeiten fortsetzten. Um eine möglichst breite Variation von Erfahrungen einzubeziehen, wurden Studierende unterschiedlichen Alters und Geschlechts, aus verschiedenen Kohorten, Studienmodi und Studienorten befragt. Die Auswertung des Datenmaterials orientierte sich am Verfahren der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse.
Aufgrund der Datenanalyse ist festzuhalten, dass die Bewältigung des Studiums für alle Studierenden eine grosse Herausforderung darstellt. Insbesondere zu Beginn sind die meisten überfordert. Die Anpassung an neue Umstände fordert während dieser Transitionsphase eine interne Restrukturierung und kann verschiedene Krisensituationen auslösen. Während der Studienzeit sind Studierende mit persönlichen, beruflichen oder studienbezogenen Belastungen konfrontiert, die sie auf verschiedene Weise zu verkraften versuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studienabbrüche hauptsächlich auf persönliche Gründe oder unzutreffende Vorstellungen vom Studium oder von der Theorie-Praxis-Relationierung zurückzuführen sind. Dabei gehen jeder Studienabbruchentscheidung intensive Überlegungen voran. Aus individueller Perspektive bedeutet ein Studienabbruch eher eine Verschiebung der Prioritäten respektive eine Neuorientierung. Negative Reaktionen des sozialen Umfeldes oder das Gefühl einer Niederlage kommen in den Interviews selten zum Ausdruck. Für den Studienerfolg ist hingegen entscheidend, ob und wie Studierende die richtigen Bewältigungsstrategien entwickeln und umsetzen. Ebenso wichtig ist das Vertrauen, das sie dem hochschulischen System entgegenbringen. In schwierigen Momenten spielt die Unterstützung der Mitstudierenden, aber auch des sozialen oder persönlichen Umfelds eine wichtige Rolle. Schliesslich tragen auch das Entgegenkommen der hochschulischen Organisation, deren Dialogbereitschaft und eine zuvorkommende, dienstleistungsorientierte Kultur massgeblich zum Studienerfolg bei.
Die Studie ist sowohl für die Hochschulleitende, Studiengangleitende, Modulverantwortliche, Mitarbeitende hochschulischer Beratungsstellen und Praxisausbildungsverantwortlichen als auch für Studierende von Interesse
Gaussian FLORIDyn, Matlab implementation belonging to the paper: The revised FLORIDyn model: Implementation of heterogeneous flow and the Gaussian wake
No full textDynamic implementation of the Gaussian FLORIS model
Software used to generate the results pubished in the paper The revised FLORIDyn model: Implementation of heterogeneous flow and the Gaussian wake by Marcus Becker, Bastian Ritter, Bart Doekemeijer, Daan van der Hoek, Ulrich Konigorski, Dries Allaerts, and Jan-Willem van Wingerden.
In order to run the software use the main.m function or the FLORIDyn_App.mlapp application for an easy start. The GitHub page features an explanation of the code, along with the comments in the code. The theory is described in the referencede paper.
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GNCnn: A QuPath extension for glomerulosclerosis and glomerulonephritis characterization based on deep learning
No full textThe digitalization of traditional glass slide microscopy into whole slide images has opened up new opportunities for pathology, such as the application of artificial intelligence techniques. Specialized software is necessary to visualize and analyze these images. One of these applications is QuPath, a popular bioimage analysis tool. This study proposes GNCnn, the first open-source QuPath extension specifically designed for nephropathology. It integrates deep learning models to provide nephropathologists with an accessible, automatic detector and classifier of glomeruli, the basic filtering units of the kidneys. The aim is to offer nephropathologists a freely available application to measure and analyze glomeruli to identify conditions such as glomerulosclerosis and glomerulonephritis. GNCnn offers a user-friendly interface that enables nephropathologists to detect glomeruli with high accuracy (Dice coefficient of 0.807) and categorize them as either sclerotic or non-sclerotic, achieving a balanced accuracy of 98.46%. Furthermore, it facilitates the classification of non-sclerotic glomeruli into 12 commonly diagnosed types of glomerulonephritis, with a top-3 balanced accuracy of 84.41%. GNCnn provides real-time updates of results, which are available at both the glomerulus and slide levels. This allows users to complete a typical analysis task without leaving the main application, QuPath. This tool is the first to integrate the entire workflow for the assessment of glomerulonephritis directly into the nephropathologists' workspace, accelerating and supporting their diagnosis
Das journalistische und literarische Werk von Klaus Schlesinger 1960 bis 1980
No full textAnfang der 1970er-Jahre engagierte sich eine Gruppe junger DDR-Autorinnen und Autoren für eine kritische, öffentliche Auseinandersetzung mit den Widersprüchen des realsozialistischen Alltags. Klaus Schlesinger (1937 2001) war neben Ulrich Plenzdorf und Jurek Becker einer ihrer profiliertesten Akteure. In dem vorliegenden Buch verfolgt Jan Kostka dessen künstlerische Entwicklung, indem er jene Texte und Bücher interpretiert, die Schlesinger bis zu seiner Übersiedlung nach Westberlin geschrieben hatte. Dabei gibt er Einblicke in das literarische Leben Berlins, in journalistische Initiativen und verlagspolitische Strategien aber auch in die westliche Rezeption der DDR-Literatur. Den zum Teil unveröffentlichten Nachlass Schlesingers aufarbeitend, vermittelt Jan Kostka das spezifische Literaturverständnis des Autors: die Benennung und Zuspitzung gesellschaftlicher Konfliktlagen, ohne diese durch vorschnelle Antworten und selbstgewisse Schuldzuweisungen abzuschwächen
The Puzzle of Preimplantation Kidney Biopsy Decision-Making Process: The Pathologist Perspective
No full textKidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease since it offers the greatest survival benefit compared to dialysis. The gap between the number of renal transplants performed and the number of patients awaiting renal transplants leads to a steadily increasing pressure on the scientific community. Kidney preimplantation biopsy is used as a component of the evaluation of organ quality before acceptance for transplantation. However, the reliability and predictive value of biopsy data are controversial. Most of the previously proposed predictive models were not associated with graft survival, but what has to be reaffirmed is that histologic examination of kidney tissue can provide an objective window on the state of the organ that cannot be deduced from clinical records and renal functional studies. The balance of evidence indicates that reliable decisions about donor suitability must be made based on the overall picture. This work discusses recent trends that can reduce diagnostic timing and variability among players in the decision-making process that lead to kidney transplants, from the pathologist’s perspective
A microfluidic array with cellular valving for single cell co-culture
No full textWe present a highly parallel microfluidic approach for contacting single cell pairs. The approach combines a differential fluidic resistance trapping method with a novel cellular valving principle for homotypic and heterotypic single cell co-culturing. Differential fluidic resistance was used for sequential single cell arraying, with the adhesion and flattening of viable cells within the microstructured environment acting to produce valves in the open state. Reversal of the flow was used for the sequential single cell arraying of the second cell type. Plasma stencilling, along the linear path of least resistance, was required to confine the cells within the trap regions. Prime flow conditions with minimal shear stress were identified for highly efficient cell arraying (similar to 99%) and long term cell culture. Larger trap dimensions enabled the highest levels of cell pairing (similar to 70%). The single cell co-cultures were in close proximity for the formation of connexon structures and the study of contact modes of communication. The research further highlights the possibility of using the natural behaviour of cells as the working principle behind responsive microfluidic element
Constitutive Atg5 overexpression in mouse bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells improves experimental acute kidney injury
No full textBackground!#!Endothelial Progenitor Cells have been shown as effective tool in experimental AKI. Several pharmacological strategies for improving EPC-mediated AKI protection were identified in recent years. Aim of the current study was to analyze consequences of constitutive Atg5 activation in murine EPCs, utilized for AKI therapy.!##!Methods!#!Ischemic AKI was induced in male C57/Bl6N mice. Cultured murine EPCs were systemically injected post-ischemia, either natively or after Atg5 transfection (Adenovirus-based approach). Mice were analyzed 48 h and 6 weeks later.!##!Results!#!Both, native and transfected EPCs (EPCs!##!Conclusions!#!Constitutive Atg5 activation augments AKI-protective effects of murine EPCs. The exact clinical consequences need to be determined
Bone morphogenetic protein-5 and early endothelial outgrowth cells (eEOCs) in acute ischemic kidney injury (AKI) and 5/6-chronic kidney disease
No full textEarly endothelial outgrowth cells (eEOCs) reproducibly have been shown to act protectively in acute ischemic kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney injury. Bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) acted antifibrotically in human hypertensive nephropathy. The aim of the curent study was to analyze effects of BMP-5 treatment in an eEOC-based therapy of murine AKI and 5/6-nephrectomy. Male C57/Bl6N mice were either subjected to unilateral renal artery clamping postuninephrectomy or to 5/6-nephrectomy. Untreated or BMP-5-pretreated murine eEOCs were injected into recipient animals at the time of reperfusion (AKI) or at 2 and 5 days after 5/6-nephrectomy. Analysis of renal function and morphology was performed at 48 h and at 6 wk (AKI) or at 8 wk (5/6 model). Cellular consequences of eEOC treatment were evaluated using different in vitro assays. AKI was mitigated significantly by injecting BMP-5-pretreated eEOCs. Renal function was improved at 48 h and at 6 wk after cell therapy. In 5/6-nephrectomy, the cells failed to protect renal function, but proteinuria was reduced after administering untreated eEOCs. BMP-5 pretreatment resulted in aggravated proteinuria and renal fibrosis. In 5/6-nephrectomized animals, percentages of anti-smooth muscle actin +/CD31+ cells increased, indicating endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT). In vitro analysis revealed increased cell migration and reduced cell apoptosis/necrosis. Paracrinic activity remained unaffected. BMP-5 acts as a potent eEOC agonist in murine AKI in the short and mid to long term. Cell effects in 5/6-nephrectomy are heterogenous, but untreated cells act antiproteinurically and antifibrotically without any impact on EnMT.Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftun
Angiopoietin-2 modulates eEOC-mediated renoprotection in AKI in a dose-dependent manner
No full textBackground: Early endothelial outgrowth cells (eEOCs) significantly protect mice from acute kidney injury (AKI). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has been shown to be critically involved in vascular repair and homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate consequences of Ang-2 treatment of syngeneic murine eEOCs in a cell-based therapeutic approach for AKI. Methods: Male 8- to 12-week-old C57/Bl6N mice, subjected to unilateral renal ischemia (40 minutes) postuninephrectomy were systemically injected with 0.5 x 10(6) untreated or Ang-2-pretreated syngeneic murine eEOCs. Renal function and morphology were analyzed 48 hours later. Cellular consequences of eEOC treatment with Ang-2 were evaluated using different in vitro assays (direct and indirect migration, apoptosis/necrosis, ELISA studies). Results: Administration of untreated eEOCs did not protect mice from AKI. Ang-2 dose-dependently modulated cell effects in AKI. While incubating the cells at a concentration of 200 ng/mL (1 hour) did not have any effect on renal function, doubling the concentration (400 ng/mL) resulted in significant renoprotection of cell-injected mice. With 800 ng/mL, cell injection dramatically worsened renal function of treated animals. In vitro analysis showed significantly accelerated migration of cultured mature endothelial cells after incubation with supernatant from Ang-2-treated eEOCs (200 and 400 ng/mL). These effects were most pronounced with 400 mg/mL. In addition, Ang-2 promoted survival of eEOCs. Cellular releases of VEGF and IL-6 were decreased by Ang-2, while TGF-beta levels in the medium of Ang-2-stimulated eEOCs were not different from those in untreated cells. Conclusion: Ang-2 acts as modulator of eEOCs in AKI. The migration analysis indicates that the Ang-2 significantly alters indirect (paracrine) activity of eEOCs, thus promoting renoprotection in a dose-dependent manner.Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftun
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