6,415 research outputs found
Schistostoma Becker 1902
No full textGenus Schistostoma Becker Schistostoma Becker, 1902: 46. Type species: Schistostoma eremita Becker, by monotypy. Diagnosis. Schistostoma is distinguished from other known microphorine genera by the following combination of features: cell dm of wing present and emitting three branches, anal lobe of wing well-developed and right-angled, scutellum usually with 1–2 pairs of setae, male genitalia with medial hypandrial prolongation, female terminalia with tergite 10 divided and bearing acanthophorous spines or setae. Remarks. Shamshev & Sinclair (2006) provided key characters to distinguish Schistostoma from Microphor, the other extant genus of Microphorinae. Two of the features they listed for Schistostoma, 1–2 pairs of scutellar setae and female terminalia with acanthophorous spines, are now known to exhibit more variation than they indicated, and this is reflected in the diagnosis of the genus above.Published as part of Brooks, Scott E., Cumming, Jeffrey M. & Grimaldi, David A., 2019, Remarkable new fossil species of Schistostoma Becker (Diptera: Dolichopodidae Microphorinae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, pp. 121-131 in Zootaxa 4624 (1) on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4624.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/325934
Empidideicus Becker. A 1907
No full textKey to subgenera of Empidideicus Becker 1. Wing with cell dm closed apically by crossvein (Fig. 2)..................................... Anomaloptilus Hesse –. Wing with cell dm open apically (Fig. 1).................................................................. 2 2. Mouthparts shorter than head height, labellum fleshy; head generally globular in frontal view, higher than long in lateral view; ocelli arranged in a straight line............................................................. Cyrtoides Engel – Mouthparts normally longer than head height; labellum thin; proboscis stiff, tubular; head generally triangular in frontal view; ocelli not arranged in a straight line..................................................... Empidideicus BeckerPublished as part of Evenhuis, Neal L. & Gharali, Babak, 2022, The subgenus Empidideicus (Anomaloptilus) (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae) in Madagascar, pp. 401-426 in Zootaxa 5222 (5) on page 402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/747173
Deteriorated regional calf microcirculation measured by contrast-free MRI in patients with diabetes mellitus and relation with physical activity
No full textOBJECTIVE: To evaluate regional calf muscle microcirculation in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without foot ulcers, compared to healthy control people without DM, using contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging methods.
METHODS: Three groups of subjects were recruited: non-DM controls, DM, and DM with foot ulcers (DM + ulcer), all with ankle brachial index (ABI) \u3e 0.9. Skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (SMOEF) in calf muscle were measured at rest and during a 5-min isometric ankle plantarflexion exercise. Subjects completed the Yale physical activity survey.
RESULTS: The exercise SMBF (ml/min/100 g) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were progressively impaired: 63.7 ± 18.9 for controls, 42.9 ± 6.7 for DM, and 36.2 ± 6.2 for DM + ulcer,
CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-free MR imaging identified progressively impaired regional microcirculation in medial gastrocnemius muscles of people with DM with and without foot ulcers. Exercise SMBF in the medial gastrocnemius muscle was the most sensitive index and was associated with HbA1c. Lower exercise SMBF in the soleus muscle was associated with lower Yale score
Quantitative proteomic analysis of diabetes mellitus in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Using SomaScan assays and proteomics analysis of plasma from participants in the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial and the Penn Heart Failure Study, this study identified 10 proteins with significantly different expression in patients with HFpEF and DM. Of these, apolipoprotein M was found to mediate 72% (95% CI: 36% to 100%; p \u3c 0.001) of the association between DM and the risk of cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac arrest, and heart failure hospitalization
12 Jahre Euro. Aus ruhigen Gewässern in stürmische See
No full textZusammenfassung
Währungen sind Sorgenkinder. Ganz besonders gilt das für den jungen Euro, und ganz besonders gilt das für die Deutschen, die im 20. Jahrhundert zwei schwere Geldkrisen erlebten und vor zwölf Jahren ihre harte DM für die neue Währung opferten. Hat es sich gelohnt oder hatten die Skeptiker recht, die dem Euro ein Debakel prophezeiten? Diese Fragen stellt sich Werner Becker, als Mitglied der Deutschen Bank ein prominenter Insider, der weiß, wovon er spricht.</jats:p
Disciphus Becker, Elachiptera Macquart 1911
No full textDisciphus Becker, 1911 (Figs 27–32) Disciphus Becker, 1911: 98. Type species: Disciphis peregrinus Becker, 1911 (subsequent designation by Sabrosky, 1941: 752). Diagnosis. Oscinellinae with a patterned wing, a trapezoidal scutellum with a pair of long tubercles and long slender arista. Description. Chloropidae, Oscinellinae. Vertex rounded in lateral view (Fig. 27); frontal triangle shining and bare; frons microtomentose; cephalic chaetotaxy: long peristomal bristles, cruciate postocellar bristles, cruciate short ocellar bristles, long outer vertical setae, interfrontal setulae long and on inner margin of frontal triangle, orbital bristles reclinate, one longer than others; eye sparsely and microscopically pubescent; gena narrow, vibrissal angle rounded, indistinct; face flat, wide, carina absent; first flagellomere reniform, higher than wide, arista longer than width of frons, and slender (Fig. 28); proboscis and palpus short. Scutum square, as wide as long; thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 anterior, 1 posterior notopleurals, 1 postsutural supraalar bristle, 1 dorsocentral bristle; scutellum flat dorsally, trapezoidal, usually wider than long, with a pair of very long scutellar tubercles (Fig. 30); 1 pair apical scutellar bristles, 1 pair of lateral scutellar bristles; thoracic pleurites bare except for a row of setulae on katepisternum. Wing long, narrow, with a pattern, second costal sector equal or longer than third costal sector, distance between crossvein r-m and dm-cu 3.5 times length of dm-cu, anal angle reduced, alula small, much longer than wide; veins dark; halter white (Fig. 29). Legs long and slender; male femoral organ present as 1–3 rows of 8–10 tubercles; small, apical ventral spur on mid tibia; hind tibial spur absent; tibial organ oval, sometimes very narrow, 0.2 to 0.25 times length of hind tibia. Abdomen slender, abdominal tergites setulose laterally and with sparse setae posteriorly, mostly microtomentose; sternites slender, with sparse setae; male spiracles 3–5 in membrane near lateral margin of tergite. Male postabdomen: pregenital sclerites narrow; spiracles 6 and 7 in membrane ventral to lateral margin of dorsal sclerite; epandrium rounded, usually higher than long in lateral view (Fig. 32) and wider than high in posterior view (Fig. 31); surstylus simple, parallel sided; hypandrium open posteriorly; pregonite fused with postgonite, weakly sclerotized; basiphallus elongate, weakly sclerotized; distiphallus short, membranous; phallapodeme simple; phallic guide sclerotized; cercus small, rectangular, projecting posteroventrally. Female terminalia not modified, cerci separate, cylindrical, setulose. Geographic distribution. Disciphus is restricted to the Oriental realm. As previously defined, the distribution of Disciphus also included the Palearctic region (Japan); however, based our analysis, the Japanese species (Disciphus subelongatus) has been transferred to Elachiptera.Published as part of Mlynarek, Julia J. & Wheeler, Terry A., 2018, Phylogeny and revised classification of the tribe Elachipterini (Diptera: Chloropidae), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4471 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/143940
Feed quality of modern varieties of Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense as an alternative to Lolium perenne in intensively managed grassland with different defoliation schemes
No full textAbstract Grassland production based on cutting-only and an increasing frequency of prolonged periods of drought due to climate change could lead to decreased productivity in Lolium perenne . In field experiments, we tested whether Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense could be suitable alternatives to L. perenne on intensively managed grassland on clay, peat and sandy soil. The three grasses were sown in mixture with Poa pratensis and Trifolium repens and subjected to different frequencies of defoliation representing a cutting-only system, simulated grazing system and a mixed system. We found that in systems with at least six defoliations, F. arundinacea represented an acceptable compromise between feed quality (6.4 MJ net energy/kg dry matter (DM), 19.3% crude protein, CP), persistence (mass proportion >90%), and DM yield (12.7 Mg/ha). However, for dairy production based on intensive cutting-only systems, the quality of F. arundinacea was insufficient (5.9 MJ net energy/kg DM, 15.6% CP). Mixtures with P. pratense as the main sown species did not differ significantly in production of net energy and CP from L. perenne in cutting-only systems on sandy soil. On peat land, all sown mixtures were invaded by Holcus lanatus. We found that under frequent defoliation conditions, H. lanatus -rich swards had comparatively good DM yields (9.2 Mg/ha) and a feed quality that would be sufficient for dairy cow nutrition (net energy, 6.2–6.4 MJ/kg DM; 18.8–20.4% CP). We conclude that there is potential to adapt the choice of grasses and mixtures in different production systems to meet the challenges of climate change
Effectiveness of the directional microphone in the Baha® Divino™
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Background: Patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) experience great difficulty listening to speech in noisy environments. A directional microphone (DM) could potentially improve speech recognition in this difficult listening environment. It is well known that DMs in behind-the-ear (BTE) and custom hearing aids can provide a greater signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in comparison to an omnidirectional microphone (OM) to improve speech recognition in noise for persons with hearing impairment. Studies examining the DM in bone anchored auditory osseointegrated implants (Baha), however, have been mixed, with little to no benefit reported for the DM compared to an OM.
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the mean reception threshold for sentences (RTS in dB) in noise between the OM and DM in the Baha® Divino™. The RTS of these two microphone modes was measured utilizing two loudspeaker arrays (speech from 0° and noise from 180° or a diffuse eight-loudspeaker array) and with the better ear open or closed with an earmold impression and noise attenuating earmuff. Subjective benefit was assessed using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) to compare unaided and aided (Divino OM and DM combined) problem scores.
Research Design: A repeated measures design was utilized, with each subject counterbalanced to each of the eight treatment levels for three independent variables: (1) microphone (OM and DM), (2) loudspeaker array (180° and diffuse), and (3) better ear (open and closed).
Study Sample: Sixteen subjects with USNHL currently utilizing the Baha were recruited from Washington University's Center for Advanced Medicine and the surrounding area.
Data Collection and Analysis: Subjects were tested at the initial visit if they entered the study wearing the Divino or after at least four weeks of acclimatization to a loaner Divino. The RTS was determined utilizing Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) sentences in the R-Space™ system, and subjective benefit was determined utilizing the APHAB. A three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a paired samples t-test were utilized to analyze results of the HINT and APHAB, respectively.
Results: Results revealed statistically significant differences within microphone (p < 0.001; directional advantage of 3.2 dB), loudspeaker array (p = 0.046; 180° advantage of 1.1 dB), and better ear conditions (p < 0.001; open ear advantage of 4.9 dB). Results from the APHAB revealed statistically and clinically significant benefit for the Divino relative to unaided on the subscales of Ease of Communication (EC) (p = 0.037), Background Noise (BN) (p < 0.001), and Reverberation (RV) (p = 0.005).
Conclusions: The Divino's DM provides a statistically significant improvement in speech recognition in noise compared to the OM for subjects with USNHL. Therefore, it is recommended that audiologists consider selecting a Baha with a DM to provide improved speech recognition performance in noisy listening environments.</jats:p
Retrospective derivation of a causal pathway for diabetic ketoacidosis in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textBACKGROUND: Type 2 ketone-prone diabetes mellitus (T2KPDM) is thought to occur in men of African descent, with obesity who experienced prolonged hyperglycemia; the role of medication non-adherence as a contributing cause remains unstudied.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of unique adults (\u3e18 years) who sought emergency care one of four hospitals in the greater Detroit area. Patients were identified on the basis of a laboratory order for a ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Two research coordinators abstracted 119 data fields. Patients were divided into four phenotypes: (1) no prior DM, (2) type 2 DM without prior ketosis, (3) type 2 with prior ketosis and (4) type 1 DM. A ß-hydroxybutyrate \u3e20 mg/dL defined diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A directed acyclic graph was constructed to diagram a causal pathway.
RESULTS: Of 450 patients, 326 were non-type I and 37% of these had DKA. Concentrations of ß-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, bicarbonate were not different between non-type1 versus type 1 DM patients. Admission rates to the ICU and hospital lengths of stay were similar between the four phenotypes with DKA. We found no association with sex, race or body mass index. Unadjusted odds for DKA were significant for non-adherence (odds=1.74, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.21) arrival by Emergency Medical Services (odds=0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.86) and private or Medicare insurance (odds=6.80, 95% CI 4.00 to 11.60). The median HbA1C was statistically higher in patients with DKA (median 11.3%) versus those without DKA (median 9.5%, Mann-Whitney U p\u3c0.001) and was also higher in patients with a history of non-adherence. In multivariable analysis, non-adherence was found to be a mediator of DKA with T2KPDM.
CONCLUSIONS: in Detroit, MI, prior ketosis and private or Medicare health insurance were significantly associated with new or recurrent DKA in T2KPDM. Medication non-adherence had a mediating role
A moderate-intensity weight-bearing exercise program for a person with type 2 diabetes and peripheral neuropathy
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Background and Purpose
The exercise guidelines for people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DM+PN) have recently changed to allow moderate-intensity weight-bearing exercise, but there are few reports in the literature describing appropriate weight-bearing exercise for those with DM+PN. This case report describes a successful and safe progressive exercise program for an individual with DM+PN.
Case Description
The patient was a 76-year-old man with a 30-year history of DM+PN. He participated in a 12-week, moderate-intensity, progressive exercise program (heart rate approximately 75% of maximum heart rate; rate of perceived exertion=11–13; 3 times per week) involving walking on a treadmill, balance exercises, and strengthening exercises for the lower extremities using body weight resistance.
Outcomes
Measurements were taken before and after the 12 weeks of exercise. The patient's Six-Minute Walk Test distance increased from 1,200 to 1,470 ft. His Physical Performance Test score did not change. His Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire score improved from 89 to 98. Dorsiflexor and plantar-flexor peak torque increased (dorsiflexor peak torque: right side=4.5–4.6 N·m, left side=2.8–3.8 N·m; plantar-flexor peak torque: right side=44.7–62.4 N·m, left side=40.8–56.0 N·m), as did his average daily step count (6,176–8,273 steps/day). Close monitoring of the plantar surface of the feet indicated that the exercise program was well tolerated and there were no adverse events.
Discussion and Conclusions
This case report describes a moderate-intensity exercise program that was successful in increasing some measures of muscle strength, physical function, and activity without causing injury in an individual with DM+PN.
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