5 research outputs found
Integration of Rational Pharmacotherapy to a Three-Year Clinical Training Program as a Longitudinal Threads
No full textAkılcı ilaç kullanımı ile ilgili ülkemizde ve dünyada çok sayıda eğitimfaaliyeti yürütülmektedir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda günümüzde halenakılcı olmayan ilaç kullanımı olduğu, hekimlerin ve özellikle yeni mezunhekimlerin bu konuda yeterliğe sahip olmadığı ve öğrencilerin kendilerinireçete yazma konusunda yeterli hissetmedikleri bildirilmektedir. Bunedenle mezuniyet öncesi eğitim döneminde başlayan ve ileri eğitimve meslek yaşamları boyunca devam eden eğitimlerle akılcı ilaçkullanımının devamlılığının sürdürülmesi önemlidir.Öğrenen merkezli eğitim modellerinde öğrenenlerin kendi öğrenmesüreçlerini yönettiği probleme dayalı öğrenme ve işbaşında öğrenmegibi aktif öğrenme yöntemleriyle rasyonel farmakoterapi eğitimininyürütülmesi, öğrenmede kalıcılığın artırılması ve doktorların ileridekiklinik pratiklerinde kendi başlarına kaldıklarında rasyonel ilaçkullanımını değişen koşullara göre uygulayabilme yeterliğini kazanmaları için gereklidir.Klinik tedavi kılavuzları ve temel ilaç listeleri ile uyumlu rasyonel farmakoterapi eğitimi iyireçeteleme alışkanlığı kazandırmak için yararlı olmaktadır. Öğrencilerin bilgi, beceri ve tutumlarıdikkate alarak, sıklıkla karşılaşılan klinik durumlar üzerinden yapılan probleme dayalı öğrenme ileişbaşında öğrenme etkinlikleri rasyonel ilaç kullanımı kazandırılması noktasında tercih edilebileceketkili yöntemlerin başında gelmektedir. Yine,toplumda sık görülen hastalıklara yönelikrasyonel farmakoterapi eğitim modülleri ile,akılcı ilaç kullanımının tıp fakültelerinde klinikeğitim dönemlerinde tüm staj programlarınaboylamsal bir koridor olarak entegre bir şekildedahil edilmesi ile, öğrencilerin karşılaşacaklarıhastalıklarda reçete yazmada kendilerinegüven duymalarına, kişisel ilaç formülerlerinihazırlayabilmelerine ve güvenli ve etkilitedavi planları oluşturabilmelerine olanaksağlayacaktır.Several educational activities are carried out in_x000D_
our country and in the world regarding rational_x000D_
pharmacotherapy. However, it is reported that_x000D_
there is still irrational drug use, physicians_x000D_
and especially new graduates do not have the_x000D_
prescribing competency and medical students_x000D_
do not feel sufficient to prescribe themselves._x000D_
For this reason, maintaining the continuity of_x000D_
rational drug use with the trainings started in_x000D_
the undergraduate period and continued in the_x000D_
period of professional life training is important._x000D_
It is necessary to conduct the rational_x000D_
pharmacotherapy training with active learning_x000D_
methods such as problem based learning and_x000D_
workplace learning models in which the learner_x000D_
manage their own learning process, long term_x000D_
retention of knowledge increase the competence_x000D_
of the physicians to apply the rational drug_x000D_
usage according to the changing conditions in_x000D_
their future clinical practices consolidate._x000D_
Rational pharmacotherapy training, which is_x000D_
compatible with clinical treatment guidelines_x000D_
and basic drug lists, is useful for gaining good_x000D_
prescribing habits. Considering the knowledge,_x000D_
skills and attitudes of the students, problembased learning together with workplace learning_x000D_
activities on frequently encountered clinical_x000D_
conditions are the leading methods that can be_x000D_
preferred to bring rational drug use. Also, the_x000D_
rational pharmacotherapy training modules_x000D_
for the common diseases in the community_x000D_
will be included in every clerkship program as_x000D_
longitudinal threads in the medical faculties_x000D_
and will allow students to feel confident in the_x000D_
prescription writing, to prepare their personal_x000D_
drug formulas and to provide safe and effective_x000D_
treatment plan
The behavioral and neurochemical effects of methylprednisolone or metyrapone in a post-traumatic stress disorder rat model
No full textOBJECTIVE: Mechanisms contributing to the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that involve several physiological sys- tems, and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is one of the most known systems in the PTSD pathophysiology. The present study investigates the potential effects of methylprednisolone, metyrapone and their association with the noradrenergic system within the rostral pons, a region containing the locus coeruleus (LC) in a rat model of PTSD induced with predator scent. METHODS: In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to the stress by exposure to the scent of dirty cat litter, which is a natural stressor of a predator. One week later, the rats were re-exposed to a situational reminder (clean cat litter). The rats were treated using either methylprednisolone, metyrapone or physiological saline before exposure to a situational reminder (n=8 in each group). Noradrenaline (NA) levels in the rostral pons homogenates were analysed using ELISA. RESULTS: The anxiety indices of the rats exposed to the trauma were found to be significantly higher than the anxiety indices of the control rats. Metyrapone produced a significant increase in the anxiety indices of the non-stressed rats, and methylprednisolone did not produce a change in the anxiety indices of the non-stressed rats. Methylprednisolone treatment suppressed the anxiety in the stressed rats. Metyrapone treatment increased the anxiety indices in the stressed rats but still being lower than that of the saline-treated stressed rats. Significant decrease in the freezing time was observed following the methylprednisolone treatment both in the stressed and non-stressed rats. NA content in the rostral pons of the stressed rats was significantly higher than that of the non-stressed rats. Methylprednisolone or metyrapone treatments decreased the NA content in the non-stressed rats as compared to the saline treatment. However, these decreases were not significant. CONCLUSION: In this study, findings suggest that stress may give rise to endocrine, autonomic and behavioural responses. The anxiety indices and NA levels in the rostral pons increased with the traumatic event. The methylprednisolone treatment may suppress anxiety through interactions between the LC and the HPA axis
The short- and long-term effects of a course on rational drug use: A comparative study between prefinal- and final-year undergraduate medical students who attended the course in different clinical years
No full textBACKGROUND: Rational pharmacology use and appropriate prescribing are among the key learning outcomes in medical education. Some medical faculties include rational pharmacotherapy course in their education programs at different years of education in Turkey. The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in effect of rational pharmacotherapy course on short- and long-terms by comparing two cohorts who attended the course in different clinical years of medical education by identifying which parameters of prescription items are different among groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in School of Medicine. Participants consisted of 157 students who attended the course in Grade 4 (n = 110, Group A) and Grade 5 (n = 47, Group B). Students were asked to complete a prescribing task both upon completion of the course and 1 year after. The performance in prescribing was determined by prescription scoring form. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed to test the intervention effect between two periods. McNemar test was employed to measure the change in each item on the prescription. Point-biserial correlations between each item on the prescription and their scores on the test as a whole were calculated. RESULTS: The mean score of Group A dropped to 59.41 (standard deviation [SD] = 14.06) from 90.43 (SD = 8.90), and the mean score of Group B dropped to 73.37 (SD = 12.56) from 83.91 (SD = 10.03). All the prescription components in the scripts of the Group A students worsened significantly, except the name of drug, whereas Group B students maintained most of them after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the long-term retention effect of rational pharmacotherapy course conducted in later years of education is better than the course conducted in earlier years of education, which may be related to the fact that students in later years are more likely to take on responsibility for patient therapy process in clinical education
The neuroprotective effect of lamotrigine against glutamate excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
No full textProtective Effect of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaf and Receptaculum Extracts Against Hepatic Encephalopathy in Bile Duct Ligated Rats
No full textHepatic encephalopathy (HE), complication of liver dysfunction, leads to neurocognitive impairments. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) has been traditionally used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties. This study evaluates artichoke leaf and receptaculum extracts in cholestasis and HE in a rat model. Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: sham-control, bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL with low/high-dose leaf or receptaculum extracts. After BDL, physiological saline and extracts (250/500 mg/kg) were administered orally for 28 days. Cognitive activity was evaluated using Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests on day 28. Artichoke extract regulated liver enzymes and bilirubin at high-doses and significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities reduced by BDL. Elevated 8-Hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels decreased in liver and brain tissues. Similarly, artichoke extracts reduced cytokine and hydroxyproline (HP) levels elevated by cholestasis. Following BDL, Na+/K+-ATPase levels in brain and liver tissues decreased, while artichoke extract reversed this. Artichoke, particularly high-dose receptaculum, improved impaired performance and increased time in the target quadrant after BDL. Both artichoke leaf and receptaculum extracts improved recognition. Artichoke treatments, especially high-dose receptaculum, reduced hepatic and neuronal damage and improved histological appearance. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of artichoke extracts for liver fibrosis and related neurocognitive disorders
