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Safrina Reid & Beatson, new genus
No full textSafrina Reid & Beatson, new genus Type species. Ryssonotus laticeps Macleay, 1885, this designation. Etymology. Named in honour of Safrina Thristiawati. The generic name is feminine in gender. Diagnosis. Ventral setae simple, not multifid; eyes completely divided; antennae geniculate, with 10 antennomeres, antennomeres 1–4 sparsely setose and symmetrical, antennomeres 5–10 at least partly densely setose, asymmetric, forming a loose club; mandibles strongly punctured, inner faces not densely setose; sides of head with prominent genal lobe; upper surface of head tuberculate, with deep pit at base; mentum small, semicircular, punctate and thickly sclerotised; pregular area thickened and strongly transversely raised, with grooved sides for retention of maxillary palpi; pronotal disc with foveolate depressions; posterior corners of pronotum deeply concavely excavate, not margined; prosternal process linear, not arched, hidden between procoxae; lateral margins of pronotum crenulate in female; lateral margins of elytra explanate; mesosternal process anteriorly excavate; aedeagal endophallus everted; male paraproct split into two sclerites; proctiger of ovipositor triangular with long apical spine; female paraproct split into two sclerites; vaginal palp reduced to a flat strongly sclerotised plate with long setae at apex; spermatheca present, globular. Description. Adult. Length: excluding mandibles, 14–26 mm; including mandibles 15−28 mm. Upper surface black to reddish brown, often with metallic green reflection, dull or shiny, smooth or rugose. Body oval with relatively small head. Head with sparse, erect, simple setae; most visible around median tubercles and on genal lobes; dorsal surface of pronotum (except margins) glabrous; elytra glabrous, except minute sparse stubble laterally and apically in S. jugularis (Westwood, 1863) and S. parallela (Deyrolle, 1881). Ventral setae simple. Head. Eyes completely divided by canthus, dorsal segment of eye much smaller than ventral, separated by at least height of dorsal segment in lateral view; head strongly punctured; sides of head with prominent genal lobe; head tuberculate between eyes, and with a deep lunate pit at base; antennae geniculate, with 10 antennomeres, antennomeres 1–4 sparsely setose and symmetrical, antennomeres 5–10 densely setose and asymmetric, forming a loose club; mandibles short, length less than width of head, strongly punctured, inner faces setose but without a dense brush, with multiple blunt tubercles (intraspecifically variable and often asymmetric); mentum relatively small, semicircular, punctate and sclerotised; pregular area thickened, strongly transversely raised, with convergent sides; gap between pregular ridge and base of mandible forming a groove for retention of maxillary palp. Thorax. Pronotum transverse, quadrangular or broader at base, anterior angles rounded (produced in males), posterior corners strongly concave, forming distinct posterolateral angle; disc with depressed midline (broad and shallow in S. parallela) and lateral foveolate depressions (intraspecifically variable and often asymmetric); at least posterior corners and anterior of pronotum without bevelled margin; lateral margins of pronotum usually feebly (male) or strongly (female) crenulate; anterior half of hypomeron smooth with sparse trichobothria; prosternum smooth, with scattered trichobothria, most species almost glabrous; prosternal process a level, unarched, ridge hidden between procoxae, which are almost touching; elytra parallel-sided at basal 2/3 to strongly ovate, narrowly elevated at sutural margin, flat and explanate at lateral margins; scutellum semicircular; wings variable, from fully formed to reduced to a short narrow strip half length of elytra; mesoventrite process anteriorly excavate, without a tubercle between mid coxae; meso- and metathoracic ventral sclerites closely punctured and pubescent; legs gracile; profemora much thicker than other femora, anteriorly ridged, the ridge with a preapical excavation (inner edge of excavation toothed in larger males); tibiae not carinate; number of tibial teeth intraspecifically variable and often asymmetric, protibiae with at least 4 large external teeth, mesotibiae with at least 2 small external teeth, metatibiae with or without external teeth; inner margin of protibia slightly excavate and usually with median teeth; tarsal empodium short, hardly projecting beyond ventral apex of fifth tarsomere, much less than half length of claws. Abdomen. Ventrites not laterally ridged, without a deep basal groove. Aedeagal endophallus everted, unbranched; male tergite IX (paraproct) membranous at dorsal midline, split into two sclerites (laterotergites); male sternite IX with basal (anterior) elongate lobe and truncate setose apex; dorsal edge of parameres not notched, apices with membranous flange; proctiger of ovipositor triangular with long apical spine (4 species examined); female paraproct split into 2 sclerites; vaginal palp reduced to a flat strongly sclerotised plate with long setae at apex; spermatheca present, globular. Larva. The following diagnostic description is based on mature specimens (instars unknown) of five species (S. grandis (Lea, 1915), S. jugularis, S. laticeps, S. moorei new species, and S. polita), identified by their association with adults. Length 23−40 mm (when roughly straightened); third antennomere produced or truncate at apex; mandible with 1 apical tooth plus 5 internal subapical (scissorial) teeth; mesocoxal stridulatory file present as a fine line of coarse rounded granules, without basal area of finer granules; metatrochanteral stridulatory file present as a single ridge of 15−23 sparse, transverse granules; tibiotarsus not reduced, length about 3 times width at base; 10th abdominal segment dorsally foreshortened, with raster of moderately dense, short setae, at sides laterally directed, at middle posteriorly to inwardly directed, raster with fringe of short to very long setae; no dorsal anal lobe, lateral lobes with large well-defined oval pads, which are margined, smooth, and glabrous. Notes. Safrina is easily distinguished from Ryssonotus, differing by at least 13 adult and two larval characters: adult: upper surface without mottled colour pattern (Fig. 2); ventral setae simple, not multifid; head with prominent genal lobes (Fig. 20); eyes separated widely in lateral view (Fig. 39); antennal club with six partly densely setose antennomeres (Fig. 38); inner face of mandibles not densely setose (Fig. 20); posterior corners of pronotum deeply concavely excavate (Fig. 2); prosternal process flat, hidden between coxae (Fig. 45); lateral margins of elytra broadly explanate (Fig. 2); male paraprocts not fused (Fig. 51); proctiger of ovipositor triangular with long apical spine (Fig. 62); female paraproct split into two sclerites; vaginal palp reduced to a flat strongly sclerotised plate with long setae at apex; spermatheca hard, globular; larva: tibiotarsus elongate, length 3x breadth (Fig. 66); raster with inner setae apically or inwardly directed (Fig. 67). Safrina and Ryssonotus are most similar to Australognathus Chalumeau and Brochier, 1995, from North Queensland (Moore 1978; Moore & Monteith 2004); Sphaenognathus Buquet, 1838 from South America (Onore 1994); and Chiasognathus Stephens, 1831 from South America (Onore 1994; Paulsen & Smith 2010), as intimated by Westwood (1863). The nomenclature of these genera is complex. Sphaenognathus and Chiasognathus were split into 7 genera based largely on trivial secondary sexual characters (Chalumeau and Brochier 1993, 1995; Molino- Olmedo 2001), which are unlikely to provide a strong phylogenetic signal. Paulsen & Smith (2010) have discussed some of these genera and rejected their validity. However, one of these genera, Australognathus, was named for an Australian species of Sphaenognathus. Moore & Monteith (2004) discussed the status of Australognathus and reduced it to a subgenus, noting that it was based on minor male characters, but that there were biological differences between the two taxa. Paulsen (2010b), in a discussion of the separation of Chiasognathus from Sphaenognathus, accepted the validity of Australognathus as a genus, but without explanation. Most recently, Kim & Farrell (2015) have provided evidence for the ancient divergence of the Australian and South American species in this group, supporting the recognition of Australognathus as a valid genus, sister to Sphaenognathus + Chiasognathus. Kim & Farrell (2015) also discussed the composition of Chiasognathini and noted that Chiasognathini, “Rhyssonotini” [an unavailable name: Bouchard et al. 2011], “Pholidotini” [an unavailable name], and “Colophonini” [an unavailable name] formed a monophyletic group. They failed to provide morphological justification for any of their generic groups and made no classificatory changes. Ryssonotus and Safrina are hereby placed with Australognathus, Chiasognathus, and Sphaenognathus in the tribe Chiasognathini, defined by the club of 5 or 6 antennomeres, completely divided eyes, female externally keeled mandibles, female head with blunt median dorsal tubercle in front of an excavation (shallow to absent in Ryssonotus), plus other features listed by Moxey (1960). Molecular data support this monophyletic group (Kim & Farrell 2015). Australognathus, Chiasognathus, and Sphaenognathus differ from Safrina and Ryssonotus by: adult: lack of dorsal cephalic tubercles in males, flat pregula, profemora without anterior ridge, long tarsal empodium; larva (Onore 1994): mandibles with fewer internal (scissorial) teeth, pars stridens on metathoracic coxa with a diffuse patch of granules at apex. The larva of Australognathus munchowae Moore & Monteith, 2004, is similar to that of Sphaenognathus, with two scissorial mandibular teeth, metatrochanteral stridulatory file dense, with> 50 transverse tubercles, tibiotarsus reduced to short lobe and apex of metatrochanter strongly produced (material examined by CAMR in ANIC). Morphology therefore supports molecular analysis in placing Australognathus, Chiasognathus, and Sphaenognathus in a single clade (Kim & Farrell 2015). Without a detailed study of the male and female genitalia and larvae, the precise relationships of these five genera are unclear. Two genera related to the above are Cacostomus Newman, 1840 (= Eucarteria Lea, 1914; Reid 1999) in Australia, and Casignetus MacLeay, 1819 (= Pholidotus MacLeay, 1819) in South America, both placed in a poorly defined tribe Casignetini (Kikuta 1986; Reid 1999), incorrectly named “Pholidotini” in Kim & Farrell (2015). Casignetini genera share several attributes with Chiasognathini (split eyes, rugose mandibles, semicircular mentum, and posterolaterally excavate pronotum), but have several characters that appear to exclude them from this tribe: three antennomere club, non-carinate mandibles, dorsal scale-like pubescence, notched parameres, and two-segmented vaginal palpi (Reid 1999). The larvae of Casignetus are similar to Chiasognathini (Costa et al.1988). Casignetini and Chiasognathini are probable sister groups and the morphological evidence for this is supported by molecular analysis (Kim & Farrell 2015). All other extant lucanid genera, including South African Colophon Gray, 1832 (Switala et al. 2014), appear to differ considerably from the above genera, at least in external morphology. The fossil lucanid Protognathinus Chalumeau and Brochier, 2001, described in Chiasognathini, has Safrina - like antennae, mandibles, and pronotum, but it has complete eyes, unlike Chiasognathini and most other Lucaninae (Holloway 1969). This fossil appears to lack the morphological attributes that would place it in any known tribe (Paulsen 2010b). Protognathinus is best treated as incertae sedis in Lucanidae, although it has been suggested that it belongs to Lampriminae (Paulsen 2010b; Kim & Farrell 2015). Natural history and conservation of Safrina . Unlike Ryssonotus, the larvae of Safrina prefer old dead wood infected with brown-rot fungi (J. Hasenpusch, personal communication 2004). Both adults and larvae occur under and within logs deeply embedded in soil (R. DeKeyzer, personal communication, 2014; C.A.M.R., personal observation). The adults may be sap feeders and are frequently collected in pitfall traps, including the volant species. The species occur in a variety of habitats, from Eucalyptus woodland to temperate rainforest, generally at moderate to high elevations. Adults and larvae are recorded from logs and trunks of Nothofagus and Eucalyptus. Only one species of Safrina can be described as widespread and fairly common, the volant S. jugularis, but several populations of this species are small and isolated. The other species are known from few collecting events and several have small ranges. These other species should be considered threatened from habitat loss, changed fire regimes and over-collection. Safrina species largely occur in protected or extensive forests, but the rarely collected S. dekeyzeri new species has already lost one population due to clearance (B. Moore, personal communication 2004). Over-collecting is likely to become a significant problem (ironically, this paper may be a factor) as lucanids are popular with collectors, especially in North America, Europe, and Japan. Collecting lucanids is most popular in Japan, where they have special cultural significance from early childhood (J. Morimoto, personal communication 2004) and are traded in commercially significant numbers (Cornell & Honda 2002), which is causing damage to the Japanese lucanid fauna due to poor quarantine procedures (Goka et al. 2004). The dealers who satisfy obsessive collectors are not interested in conservation. Two Japanese dealers were successfully prosecuted in Australia in 2003 for illegal collection of more than 1000 specimens of Lamprima insularis Macleay, 1885, endemic to a small Pacific island, Lord Howe. During the lengthy preparation of this revision of Ryssonotus, the lucanid collecting community became aware of my work and one Japanese dealer offered " Rhyssonotus keyzerski " males for €1500 (AUS2400) (www.eurofauna.com; seen September 2006). On the same website a male of the recently described Australognathus munchowae (Moore & Monteith, 2004), a species only known from protected areas, was offered for €5000 (AUS$10,000). These large sums place the financial gain of lucanid dealing on a par with illicit drugs (Cornell & Honda 2002). While much of the collecting in Australia is done without permits, even the magnitude and impact of permitted collecting in National Parks is rarely monitored (C. A.M.R., personal observation). The taxonomic revision of collectable organisms, which must be done to enable their conservation, also flags rarities for collectors. This is a well-known problem in herpetology, where new species in particular become collectors’ targets (Stuart et al. 2006). To protect some of the species described below we omit details of collecting localities. For conservation of Safrina species, we recommend: (i) vulnerable species status for S. dekeyzeri, S. moorei, and S. politus, under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (New South Wales); (ii) modelling of suitable habitat and field survey for all species except S. jugularis; (iii) approved rearing programmes to improve knowledge of habitat requirements and to supply collectors' demands; (iv) improved regulation and policing of the insect trade; (vi) closer monitoring of approved collecting.Published as part of Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2016, Revision of the stag beetle genus Ryssonotus MacLeay (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4150 (1) on pages 9-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27208
Safrina jaedoni Reid & Beatson, new species
No full textSafrina jaedoni Reid & Beatson, new species (Figs 4, 13, 22, 31, 41, 55, 62, 70) Material examined. Types: AUSTRALIA: HOLOTYPE: Ƌ, Kroombit Tops, 65 km SW Gladstone, 1000–1100 m, open forest, 22–26.ii.1982, Monteith, Thompson, & Yeates (QMB); PARATYPES (17): 10Ƌ, 6♀, same data as holotype (AMS, DPIM, QMB); 1Ƌ, Kroombit Tops, 65 km SW Gladstone, 1000 m, ex Eucalyptus log in open forest, 22–26.ii.1982 (AMS). Diagnosis. Male. Length 18−21 mm. Dark brown to black, with (usually) or without dark green reflection, legs reddish brown; prothorax almost parallel-sided, elytra slightly rounded at sides; head with genal lobe greatly laterally projecting as an elongate triangle with a notch on posterior margin; mandibles without pre-apical dorsal tooth, basal internal dorsal and ventral teeth separated; basal half of elytron without ridges, with 5 striae. Female: length 17−20 mm. Colour as male; with or without distinct tooth at base of outer mandibular carina; pronotum relatively strongly and sparsely punctured, punctures of basal third of median groove separated by more than diameters, discal punctures not coalescent; lateral margins of pronotum feebly crenulate; elytra not or weakly transversely wrinkled, dull with dense microsculpture; elytral intervals 1−5 weakly convex at base, without carina from shoulder to disc; explanate margin of elytra narrow, 1.0−1.5x width of base of metatibia, without or with shallow lateral grooves. Description. (Note: all available specimens teneral or at least recently emerged). Male. Length 18−21 mm. Dark reddish brown to black, usually with dark green reflection, legs reddish brown. Body sub-parallel sided: pronotum generally broadest at middle third, often slightly broader than elytra, sides of elytra slightly rounded. Head closely setose around median tubercles, with sparse setae elsewhere, pronotal disc glabrous. Head: sides greatly laterally produced, as an acute-angled approximately isosceles triangle, height 1.0−1.5x width of base, notched on posterior edge; strongly transverse, width more than 4x length; dorsum strongly punctured with smooth interspaces; 2 separate anteromedian tubercles, on slightly elevated median prominence; anterior margin deeply concave; dorsally visible part of mandibles 1.5−2.0x longer than head, almost symmetrical; mandibles without dorsal tubercle, 1/3 from base of outer edge, externally keeled on middle third; mandibular preapical dorsal tubercle absent or small and inconspicuous on inner edge; ventral inner edge with 3−4 angulate teeth, usually similarly sized but often asymmetrically partly fused, before upturned apex; base of inner face of mandible with large separated dorsal and ventral tubercles; pregular swelling sharply convex, height ≥ longitudinal length, without setose punctures on each face. Thorax: pronotum usually almost parallel-sided in basal half, sometimes slightly contracted from posterolateral angles to apex, posterolateral angles not laterally projecting; lateral margins not crenulate, but with 0−7 minute nicks; pronotal disc finely and sparsely punctured, with or without pair of foveolate depressions anterior to middle, sides more strongly and closely punctured, densely in lateral depressions; pronotal disc shiny, but minutely and evenly microreticulate; scutellum transversely half ovate, sparsely but strongly punctured; elytra slightly rounded at sides, broadest 1/3−1/2 from base; basal half of elytron with intervals 1−5 convex, 3 slightly more so than others, without an oblique ridge from humerus to disc; elytra shiny, but finely microreticulate except extreme base; elytral disc striate, with 5 fine sparsely punctured grooves reaching apical half, intervals with or without shallow transverse grooves, remainder of elytra smooth, with scattered punctures; elytral sides explanate, width 1.0−1.5x width of base of metatibia, smooth or almost so; wing fully developed, apex sharply folded to within basal third of elytra; external margin of protibia with 2 large and 2−3 minor teeth, inner margin with 0−2 prominent teeth; metatibia with 1−2 small external teeth. Abdomen: basal ¾ of ventrites I −IV dull, microreticulate, apical ¼ shiny without surface sculpture; ventrite I rugulose, finely and closely punctured on intercoxal process and sides, II −V closely but finely punctured, I −III glabrous except sides and intercoxal process, IV with sparse and minute recumbent setae, V with long erect setae on apical half; apex of ventrite V truncate. Genitalia: phallobase almost glabrous, but with scattered minute setae, medially unsclerotised on dorsal surface, apex of venter with triangular less strongly sclerotised depression, dorsal surface weakly convex; parameres with short but moderately close setae, apices blunt in lateral view; ventral sclerite of penis entire, apex with V-shaped notch; endophallus in repose with 1 large loop. Female. As male, except: length 17−20 mm; head more strongly and rugosely punctured, anterior truncate; genal lobe laterally produced as a short asymmetric triangle or trapezoid, broadest at posterior then approximately convexly curved to anterior of head; dorsally visible part of mandibles about as long as head; mandibles with or without small elongate dorsal tubercle, 1/3 from base of outer edge, remainder of outer edge keeled, preapical dorsal tubercle absent; sides of pronotum more strongly punctured, punctures often confluent, lateral margins evidently notched or bluntly crenulate, hind angles obtuse; internal margin protibia without teeth; apex ventrite V shallowly notched; proctiger of ovipositor triangular with long apical spine. Larva: unknown. Etymology. Named after Jaedon Marr. Distribution and natural history. Safrina jaedoni is the northernmost species of Safrina and is endemic to Kroombit Tops, an area of approximately 100 km 2 above 800 m altitude, well known as an isolated area of rainforest (McDonald & Sharpe 1986; Monteith 1987). Safrina jaedoni was illustrated as R. laticeps on the cover of the Queensland Naturalist for 1986 and similarly in Mizunuma & Nagai (1994: 206, plate 3). The material examined for this study was collected on a single visit in February 1982 by staff of the Queensland Museum, when all the specimens were found in a single hollow log of only 10−12 cm diameter, on the ground, in woodland not rainforest (G. Monteith, personal communication 2015). This habitat is similar to that of its sister species, S. laticeps. Notes. Safrina jaedoni and S. laticeps are similar and might be considered conspecific. We believe the consistent differences in male mandibles and genitalia validate their status, backed by slight comparative differences in female dorsal sculpture. The two species are geographically separated by 275 km of mostly lowland dry woodland.Published as part of Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2016, Revision of the stag beetle genus Ryssonotus MacLeay (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 4150 (1) on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27208
Cheiloxena conani Reid & Beatson 2018, sp. nov.
No full textCheiloxena conani sp. nov. (Figs 5, 15, 24, 45, 54, 64, 71, 77) Material examined. Types: Holotype: ♂*/ Rockhampton, HW Brown (AMS); Paratypes (4): f*/ Rockhampton, HW Brown (AMS); ♂*, ♀*/ Kroombit Tops, Northern escarp., 45k SSW Calliope, open for., 3–4.ii.1984, Monteith, Hagan & Yeates (QMB); f/ Qld 26°04’S 150°49’E Wonga Hills site 3, 520m 11.xii.2001 10257 Monteith, Cook & Wright mv light, vine scrub/ (QMB). Diagnosis. Cheiloxena conani is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces scaled; anterior margin of clypeus deeply excavate; pronotum without dorsal ridges but with large lateral lobes; apical half of elytra without conspicuous tubercles; elytral surface without erect setae. Description. Length: male 13–15.5 mm (Holotype: 13 mm), female 14–15.5 mm; body moderately convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour dull black, tarsi and antennae usually dark brown, maxillary palpi dark reddish-brown; entirely clothed with adpressed scale-like setae (length 3– 4x width), setae patchily distributed on elytra, thinner and sparser on appendages and apical ventrites; surface sculpture: head, pronotum and elytra dull, punctate and densely microsculptured, except shining apices of tubercles and ridges. Head (Figs 5, 15, 24): distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes, width 0.8x (male) or 0.7x (female) pronotal width; middle of vertex slightly elevated; densely punctured (separated by <1 diameter) except sparser on middle of vertex in two specimens (separated by 1–2 diameters); narrow impunctate smooth area around antennal cavities; slightly convex between eyes, but flat between antennae, without groove on vertex but midline smooth in two specimens; eyes small, elongate-reniform, strongly laterally prominent, separated by about 4 eye widths in both sexes; gena at shortest point about half eye length in both sexes; genal lobe about 1.5x shortest length gena; antennae 6–7 socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.7x body length (male), or about 0.6x body length (female); all antennomeres dull, 1–7 sparsely and coarsely setose, 8–11 densely and finely setose; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 quadrate 0.5x length 1, <0.3x length 3, relative lengths of antennomeres with 3 longest and 11 next, in both sexes, and most middle segments of similar length: 2 shortest, <1, <6, <4=5=7, <8, <9=10, <11, <3; clypeus without long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin semicircularly excavate; male apical maxillary palpomere elongate-ovate with truncate apex. Thorax (Figs 5, 15, 24, 33): pronotal sides almost vertical in posterior half, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum, but with roughly equilateral triangular extension just anterior to middle and 1–2 low tubercles on a ridge from this extension to anterior angles; pronotal disc irregularly surfaced, with pair of low shining tubercles anteriorly reaching anterior pronotal margin, midline depressed for anterior 2/3 but with low swelling posteriorly, sides deeply depressed; pronotal punctures large, close to dense, separated by 0.2–1.5 puncture diameters; pronotum with fairly evenly distributed scale-like setae, as head, interspaces dull and densely microreticulate; pronotum clearly transverse, width 1.3x length (male) to 1.4x (female), greatest width at lateral triangular lobe, sides concave behind this; anterior angles prominently anteriorly produced, 80°; anterior edge produced but concave at middle, basal edge weakly convex; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; scutellum punctured and apically shining, but more densely scaled than pronotum; elytra with scales irregularly distributed, forming a patchwork of glabrous and scaled areas, the latter sometimes denser forming pale spots; elytron tuberculate, but shiny tipped tubercles small not distinctly elevated, irregularly arranged in approximately 4 longitudinal rows, as follows: first (innermost) with 7–10 small tubercles; second with 5–8 small tubercles, usually with largest level with apex hind femur; third starting on inner surface of humerus, with 5–10 small tubercles; fourth starting on outer surface of humerus, with 5–8 small tubercles; elytral disc not or feebly transversely depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus; elytral punctures large (same as pronotal punctures) and deep, sparsely but evenly distributed, separated by 1.5– 2x diameters, interspaces dull, microsculptured; each elytral puncture with one small dull tubercle on anterior surface and small seta inside; elytral apex rounded; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite dull, densely punctured and scaled, except shining and sparsely punctured midline; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, short and robust; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 not depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 equally narrow at base in both sexes. Abdomen (Figs 45, 54, 64, 71): ventrites I–V entirely dull, microreticulate; I more closely and strongly punctured at middle (interspaces less than or equal to puncture diameters), sparsely punctured at sides (interspaces much greater than puncture diameters); puncturation of II–IV similar to I; ventrite V densely and rugosely punctured; ventrite pubescence recumbent and scale-like, fine erect setae only present on apical margin of ventrite V; apex of ventrite V truncate in male, with thickened edge, convex in female; apex of penis contracted to mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thick and short in lateral view; tegminal keel shallowly convex in lateral view; female sternite VIII apodeme short and narrow, apical sclerotised area triangular, about as long as wide, apex truncate; setae at apex of gonocoxite short and inconspicuous; stylus elongate, length twice width; median ventral sclerite elongate-triangular, distinctly sclerotised; spermatheca falcate, acutely tipped, with simple uncoiled duct. Etymology. Named for Conan, eldest son of M. Beatson. Notes. Cheiloxena conani has been collected from two upland localities in central and south Queensland, Kroombit Tops and Wonga Hills (Fig. 77). Kroombit Tops, an isolated low massif (930 m elevation), is unusual for its relatively temperate flora and fauna at 24° S (Monteith 1986). The old specimens labelled ‘Rockhampton’ by Brown may have been collected at Kroombit Tops (115 km south of Rockhampton) or possibly in the lower elevation hills 50 km south of Rockhampton (maximum elevation 746m) (G. Monteith, pers. com. 2013). The other locality, Wonga Hills, is a plateau at about 300 m elevation with low hills up to 550 m elevation, with large blocks of vine-thicket rainforest and eucalypt forest. The Wonga Hills site is 185 km south of Kroombit Tops. The two most recently collected specimens were at light, in vine thicket and open forest, in December and February.Published as part of Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2018, Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae), pp. 501-534 in Zootaxa 4497 (4) on pages 512-513, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/145631
Buburra jeanae Reid & Beatson, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Buburra jeanae</i> Reid & Beatson, sp. nov. <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: 3/ VICTORIA, Mt Buffalo NP, top of Dixon’s Falls, c 1455m, 36:46:29S 146:47:42E, <i>Phebalium squamulosum</i> ssp <i>alpinum</i> flws, 15.xi.2010, C. Reid (AMS); Paratypes (9): 4 (23, 2Ƥ) same data as holotype (AMS, MHNP); 13, 1Ƥ, same data as holotype except beating <i>Phebalium squamulosum</i> ssp <i>alpinum</i> flowers, 29.xi.2011, (AMS, ANIC); 13, 2Ƥ, ditto except sweeping <i>Acacia alpina</i> with small seedpods (MVM, AMS).</p> <p>Description. As for genus, plus the following details of colour and sculpture:</p> <p> Colour (Figs 2–6) variable irrespective of sex. <i>Darkest form</i> dark-reddish-brown except the following black to blackish-brown: antennomeres 1–2, 6–11, palpi, dorsum of head, disc and anterior of pronotum, prosternum, mesoventrite, metaventrite, anterior and mid coxae and femora (except bases), apical halves ventrites; and the following clear reddish-brown: venter head capsule, mandibles, hypomeral lobes, hind tibiae, ventrite basal halves; the elytra are variegated blackish- and reddish-brown. <i>Palest form</i> clear reddish-brown except the following black to blackish-brown: frons and base of clypeus, palpi, antennomeres 6–11 and apical half 5; prosternal process; and the following dark reddish-brown: anterior pronotum, elytral humeri and patch around scutellum, band across middle metaventrite, apical halves anterior and mid tibiae, sides pygidium, narrow apices ventrites. Elytra variegated clear and dark reddish-brown.</p> <p>Surface sculpture (Figs 2–6): frons and vertex dull, densely finely punctured and microreticulate, with close adpressed pale setae; with larger punctures and erect setae around inner margin of eye; clypeus microreticulate and finely punctured, with pale adpressed setae; labrum setose but shining; all antennomeres dull, microreticulate and densely setose, but 5–11 more so than 1–4; venter of head dull (punctured, setose and microreticulate) from between temples to mentum, smooth and shining (without sculpture) posterior to this; pronotum dull, densely finely punctured, microreticulate and setose with pale adpressed setae and scattered dark erect setae; prosternum and hypomeron with dense adpressed pale setae; scutellum with dense adpressed pale setae; elytra sculptured as pronotum except shining, without distinct microreticulation, and adpressed setae in small variegated patches of pale cream thicker stae or black thinner setae; pygidium sculptured as elytra, with dense adpressed pale setae, denser along midline; ventrites sculptured as dorsum except slightly smoother and shinier between punctures, dense adpressed pale setae; scattered erect dark setae present on legs; anterior and mid femora densely setose with adpressed pale setae; hind femora with variegated pale and dark adpressed setae, as elytra; anterior and mid tibiae with mixed pale and dark setae, more erect towards apices; hind tibia and tarsi with adpressed pale setae.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and biology.</b> The species has been collected only in November, at a single site in the Victorian Alps, Mount Buffalo National Park. This is an isolated granite mountain range rising to 1723m. Within the park, <i>Buburra jeanae</i> was only collected along the last 200m of walking track above Dixons Falls, in the dominant plateau vegetation classified as “subalpine woodland and open forest” (Anonymous 2001), although the site is complex as it includes streamside communities and rocky areas near the top of a steep slope (Fig. 1). <i>Buburra jeanae</i> was not found at other collecting sites in the park in November 2010 and November 2011: the first 1.2km of the Dixons Falls track, roadside 1km NE of The Horn, The Castle, Dingo Dell, The Monolith, Crystal Brook Falls, several stops on the entrance road.</p> <p> Adults of <i>B. jeanae</i> were first collected by beating flowering <i>Phebalium squamulosum</i> ssp <i>alpinum</i> (Rutaceae), where they were probably feeding on pollen, but this plant does not have seedpods suitable for the larva. Bruchines were absent from another species of Rutaceae flowering nearby, <i>Boronia algida</i>. There were two species of woody Fabaceae at the locality: <i>Boissiaea foliosa</i>, which was flowering, and the dwarf shrub <i>Acacia alpina,</i> which had young seedpods. There were no bruchines on <i>Boissiaea</i> (only cryptocephalines), but three adults of <i>Buburra</i> were collected by beating and sweeping the <i>Acacia alpina</i> on the second visit and we suspect that <i>A. alpina</i> is the larval host of this beetle.</p> <p> <i>Acacia alpina</i> is widespread in the Australian Alps, from the western border of the Australian Capital Territory to central Victoria (Costermans 2009; Atlas of Living Australia 2012). Visits were made in November 2011 to nearby mountain peaks in the Victorian Alps, around Hotham Heights (where <i>A. alpina</i> occurs) and Falls Creek (<i>A. alpina</i> absent), but the weather was poor (continuous rain or southerly wind) and no bruchines were collected. Two of the 10 specimens of <i>B. jeanae</i> have partially deformed antennae (each with 2 segments fused on one antenna), and there is also asymmetry in the anastomosed elytral striae, suggesting a genetic problem in this limited and isolated population.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named for CAMR’s mother, in memory of a beautiful day on Mount Buffalo celebrating her birthday.</p>Published as part of <i>Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2013, A new genus and species of Bruchinae, with a key to the genera from Australia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), pp. 535-548 in Zootaxa 3599 (6)</i> on pages 541-544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.6.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/218707">http://zenodo.org/record/218707</a>
Macrolema pulchra Reid & Beatson 2010, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Macrolema pulchra</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 11, 27, 34, 53, 74, 88, 106, 121, 134)</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Types: Holotype: male/ Mt Fisher, Millaa Millaa, N Qld, 10.xi.1979, A & M Walford-Huggins / [ANIC]; Paratypes (12): 3 males, 1 female, same date as holotype [ANIC]; 2 males, 1 female: /17:26:58S 145:28:27E, Atherton Tableland Qld, Mt Hypipamee Nat. Pk, 18–28.xi.1998, Yee, Edwards, Calder, Halliday & Sutrisno / [ANIC]; male: / 17mi S Atherton, Q, 3000ft, 19.iii.1964, I. F. B. Common & M. S. Upton / [ANIC]; male, female: / Ringrose [= Crater] Nat Pk, via Atherton N Qld, 9.xii.1966, B. Cantrell / [UQB]; male: / The Crater, near Herberton, N Qld, 12.xii.1974 / collr A & M Walford-Huggins / not in SAM / [ANIC]; female: / Windsor Tableland, NE Mt Carbine, N Qld, 27.xii.1976, A & M Walford-Huggins / [ANIC].</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: males 8–9mm, females 9.5–10.5mm; body shallowly convex in profile, length c.3x height. Body and appendages brownish-red (parts of venter may be relatively paler), except (i) antennomeres 1–7, irregularly shaped macula in basal half of each elytron, common circular spot occupying most of apical half of elytra, and apices femora, outer edges and apices of tibiae, tarsi, dark brown with metallic blue or bluishpurple or purple (usually elytral spots) reflection; (ii) remainder of elytra yellow; (ii) apices mandibles, antennomeres 8–11, dark brown or purplish-brown.</p> <p>Head (Figs 11, 27, 34): head puncturation variable, relatively densely punctured on frontoclypeus and base of vertex, more finely and sparsely punctured on remainder of head; minutely setose above antennae; depressed between eyes, with or without groove on midline of vertex; eyes separated by c.3x eye widths (male) or c.3.5x eye widths (female); gena c.0.3x eye length (both sexes); antennae c.5.5x socket diameters apart; antennae c. 0.85–0.9x body length (male), or c. 0.75x body length (female); antennomeres 1, 3–11 elongate, 2 quadrate: 2 shortest (c.0.5x first), <1=3, <4=5, <6=8=9=10=11, <7 (male), or <1=3=4, <8=9=10=11, <6, <5, <7 (female); labrum not densely setose, with 2–3 pairs of prominent setae; apical maxillary palpomere elongate, almost cylindrical in both sexes, apex narrower in female, preapical palpomere shorter than apical.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 11, 53): pronotum closely and strongly punctured at sides, base and midline, more diffusely elsewhere, shining, with distinct micropunctures between macropunctures; minutely setose at sides; pronotal width 1.4x length, lateral margins strongly convex but not lobed at middle; lateral depression of pronotal disc absent, shallow or small and deep; anterior margination incomplete, absent from middle half; hypomeron punctate; prosternal process narrow and strongly arched from base to truncate apex; scutellum punctured at base, elongate-triangular with blunt apex; elytron without depressions on basal half of disc, or trace of one behind humeri; elytral punctures large and deep in basal half, evanescent towards apex; elytra striate, with striae 1–7 and 9 regular and 8 partially obliterated by deep elytral depression, without or with minute interstrial punctures; irregular depressions absent or small along basal half of elytron adjacent to epipleuron; upper margin epipleuron reaching base of elytron, but not continued on basal edge; mesoventrite median process strongly arched to truncate apex; metaventrite shining and sparsely and minutely punctured, anterior with complete margination and without median depression, edge pitted lateral to middle; metepisternum microreticulate, weakly punctured; 1 short spur on protibia, 2 on remainder.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 74, 88, 106, 121): ventrites I and II entirely fused; male ventrites shining, not microreticulate, closely and finely punctured on apical half of I–II, most of III–V, setae on I–V largely short and recumbent, in distinct transverse bands; female ventrites as male, but punctures denser, present throughout all ventrites, with slight wrinkling at sides; ventrite I laterally keeled along basal 1/2–2/3, other ventrites without keels; apex ventrite V rounded in both sexes; sternite VIII of male Y-shaped; apex of penis slightly mucronate in dorsal view, apical angle c.90°, pointed and slightly curved in lateral view; female sternite VIII with short transverse basal apodeme; gonocoxite distinctly setose; spermatheca hook-shaped with blunt apex, duct tightly coiled.</p> <p>Notes</p> <p>Named pulchra (Latin: beautiful), for what we consider the prettiest species of the genus.</p> <p> 11 specimens of <i>Macrolema pulchra</i> have been collected at 3 localities (note that 17 miles south of Atherton, The Crater, Mt Hypipamee and Ringrose all refer to the same place!) in the tropical rainforests of north Queensland, from Mount Fisher to Windsor Tableland, 140km north (Fig. 134), at high elevation (950– 1350m). Windsor Tableland is an isolated montane forest, but although the single specimen is slightly differently coloured (the posterior elytral patch is truncate at the base instead of pointed and the pronotal disc is darkened) it agrees with the other material in puncturation, pubescence, shape and size and we therefore consider it to belong to the same species. <i>Macrolema pulchra</i> has been collected in November, December and March. Two specimens are covered in lepidopteran scales and were probably collected in light traps.</p>Published as part of <i>Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2010, 2486, pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 2486</i> on pages 22-2
Macrolema dickdaviesi Reid & Beatson 2010, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Macrolema dickdaviesi</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 6, 22, 48, 70, 84, 102, 117, 131)</p> <p>Material examined</p> <p>Types: Holotype: male: / Mt Fisher, Millaa Millaa, N Qld, 10.xi.1979, A & M Walford-Huggins / [ANIC]; Paratypes (3): male, same data as holotype [ANIC]; female: / Mt Misery, N Qld, West [sic] of Carbine, 21.xii.1974, A & M Walford-Huggins / [ANIC]; female: / S Johnstone R., Queensland H. W. Brown / [AMS].</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Length: males 8mm, females 9–9.5mm; body shallowly convex in profile, length c.3.2x height. Body and appendages dark brown to black with metallic reflections, green on body, purplish-blue on antennae, tibiae and tarsi, weaker ventrally, except (i) elytron yellow, with two approximately median circular metallic black spots; (ii) apex labrum, maxilla and labium, parts of coxae and trochanters, reddish-brown, apical palpomeres darker.</p> <p>Head (Figs 6, 22): head puncturation variable but frontoclypeus more finely and closely punctured than sparsely and more strongly punctured remainder of head; minutely setose on anterior of frontoclypeus and above antennae (one specimen only); depressed between eyes, with or without groove on midline of vertex; eyes separated by c. 3x eye widths (both sexes); gena 0.15x eye length (both sexes); antennae c. 6x socket diameters apart; antennae c. 0.85x body length (male), or c. 0.8x body length (female); all antennomeres elongate: 2 shortest (c.0.5x first), <1=3, <4, <8=9=10, <5, <6=11, <7 (male), or <1=3=4, <8=9=10, <5=6=11, <7 (female); labrum not densely setose, with 2–3 pairs of prominent setae; apical maxillary palpomere elongate, almost cylindrical in both sexes, apex narrower in female, preapical palpomere shorter than apical.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 6, 48): pronotum closely and strongly punctured at sides, base and midline, more diffusely on anterior half of disc, shining, with scattered distinct micropunctures between macropunctures; minutely setose at sides (one specimen); pronotal width 1.4x length, lateral margins strongly convex but not lobed at middle; pronotal disc with pair of deep lateral depressions, with or without shallow basal depression; anterior margination incomplete, absent from middle half; hypomeron at least partly punctate; prosternal process narrow and strongly arched from base to truncate apex; scutellum punctate at base, elongate-triangular with blunt apex; elytron with 2 circular shallow or deep depressions on basal half of disc, one on striae 3–5, and one on striae 6–8; elytral punctures large and deep in basal half, evanescent towards apex; elytra striate, with striae 1–7 and 9 regular and 8 partially obliterated by deep elytral depression, without or with minute interstrial punctures; irregular depressions absent or small along basal half of elytron adjacent to epipleuron; upper margin epipleuron reaching base of elytron, but not continued on basal edge; mesoventrite median process strongly arched to truncate apex; metaventrite shining and sparsely and minutely punctured, anterior with complete margination and without median depression, edge pitted lateral to middle; metepisternum not microreticulate, strongly punctured; 1 short spur on protibia, 2 on remainder.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 70, 84, 102, 117): ventrites I and II entirely fused; male ventrites shining, not microreticulate, closely and strongly punctured on apical half of I–II, all of III, more sparsely on IV–V, but middle of at least ventrites I and V smooth and impunctate, setae on I–V short and recumbent, with almost glabrous midline, not in distinct transverse bands; female ventrites as male but more densely punctured, wrinkled at sides and midline with scattered punctures and short recumbent setae; ventrite I laterally keeled along basal 1/2–2/3, other ventrites without keels; apex ventrite V narrowly truncate in both sexes; sternite VIII of male I-shaped (linear); apex of penis gradually narrowed in dorsal view, apical angle c.80°, thickened but not curved in lateral view; female sternite VIII with short triangular basal apodeme; gonocoxite distinctly setose at apex; spermatheca falcate with blunt apex, duct tightly coiled.</p> <p>Notes</p> <p>This species is named for an Australian Museum Eureka Science prize winner (in 2005), Dick Davies, at that time chief executive of the Australian Mineral Industry Research Association.</p> <p> <i>Macrolema dickdaviesi</i> is known from only 4 specimens taken at 3 localities in the Wet Tropics World heritage Area, north Queensland (Fig. 131). This species was collected in November and December.</p>Published as part of <i>Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2010, 2486, pp. 1-60 in Zootaxa 2486</i> on pages 16-1
Aulacophora barrogae Reid, Halling & Beatson 2021, sp. nov.
No full textAulacophora barrogae Reid, Halling & Beatson, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 11, 19, 27, 36, 47, 85, 98, 112, 125, 139, 153, 168, 183) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 104DCAC7-BF6F-4008-A6FD-933A4C9D6A8C Material examined. Types. Holotype: ♁*/ Needle Rock Fls [Flats?], WA, 15:29S 124:29E, 5.iv.1992, N Scullion, J Collins, hand collected/ Chrysomelidae Rhapidiopalpa palmerstoni / Holotype Aulacophora barrogae Reid et al. / (AMS); Paratypes (3): Australia: 1♁, 1♀ / Port Darwin, N Territory/ Aulacophora palmerstoni Blk, N Territory / on permanent loan from Macleay Museum, University of Sydney/ Paratype Aulacophora barrogae Reid et al. / (ANIC); 1♀ / Calvert Exped 1896 Fitzroy & Margaret R[iver]s/ Paratype Aulacophora barrogae Reid et al. / (SAM). Description. Colour (Fig. 3). Head brownish-yellow, except apical half of labrum brown; extreme apices of mandibles dark brown; antennomeres 4–11 dark brown to black, 3 outer edge and apex dark brown to black, 2 yellowish-brown, 1 yellow; pronotum and elytra entirely brownish-yellow; venter of prothorax entirely brownish-yellow; scutellum brownish-yellow; mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and mesoventrite brownish-yellow; metaventrite yellowish-brown with dark brown posterolateral patches or dark brown with yellowish anterior margin; procoxae, mesocoxae and metacoxae brownish-yellow; profemora brownish-yellow; mesofemora brownish-yellow; metafemora yellowish-brown with apical 2/3 or less brown; protibiae inner face brownish-yellow, outer face with dark brown, meso- and metatibiae dark brown with paler bases; protarsi brown, meso- and metatarsi dark brown; tergites brown with yellow margins, pygidium yellowish-brown; abdominal ventrites 1–4 yellowish-brown with dark brown apical margins, ventrite 5 brownish-yellow, with laterobasal brown patches or base narrowly brown. Male: length 6.5–7 mm; frontoclypeus without arcuate ridges or densely setose patches; first antennomere expanded, oval flat area in apical half defined by sharp ridge; antennae about 0.6x body length; antennomere 2 shortest, about one third length of 1, antennomere 1 longest, comparative lengths: 1>11>4=6>3=5=7=8=9=10>2; length antennomere 5 about 2.5x width; antennomeres 3–7 slightly expanded to apices; antennomeres 3–11 each with only 1–4 erect lateral setae; pronotal transverse depression posteriorly arcuate, deep and broad at middle; in lateral view anterior half of pronotum slightly less convex than posterior half and median depression with anterior slope shallower than posterior slope; without pair of large pits anterior to transverse groove; elytra shining, shallowly microreticulate; elytral humeri with small patch of 10–15 laterally directed erect setae (may be broken off); apical lobe of ventrite V symmetrically sculptured, cavity bounded by a thin ridges on either side; elongate cavity deepened from base almost to apex and deepest on midline, apically bounded by an almost vertical wall; tergite VIII pale brown, strap-like, medially acutely produced (more so in Port Darwin specimen than Needle Rock specimen), slightly membranous on midline, without lateral lobes; penis thick & angularly bent in lateral view with minute ventral hook at tip and sharp tubercle on basal half of dorsal surface; sides penis not conspicuously punctured, smooth and unridged; penis broad and only slightly asymmetric in dorsal view, almost evenly attenuated from middle to acute apex; membranous area about 2/3 penis length. Female as male, except: length 7–8 mm; antennomeres slightly thinner than male, length antennomere 5 about 2.5x width, length antennomere 8 about 2.5x width; transverse pronotal depression shallower than male but relatively deep at sides compared with all other species; elytral without setal patch; pygidium apically swollen and extended, faintly apically medially ridged; apex pygidium in dorsal view narrowly produced as an almost truncate lobe with a minute median tubercle; pygidial apex in lateral view flat but thick ventrally, with almost straight sides and without tubercle; venter of pygidial apex deeply concave; apex ventrite V unevenly shallowly concave; vaginal palpi broadly elongate ovate, length about 2x width, with 8 pairs of setae in apical half; basal apodemes sinuate, about 0.5 mm long; sternite VIII with tignum separated from weakly sclerotised posterior margin of the sternite by a transparent membranous area, and posterior margin feebly concave, not produced; tignum 1.3mm long, kinked, apex membranous, slightly expanded, not separated from shaft by a band of deeper pigmentation; spermatheca falcate, collum abruptly demarkated from receptaculum, reflexed relative to receptaculum, insertion point of gland (ramus) slightly produced; receptaculum strongly hook-shaped with curved interior bend and large beak-like appendix. Diagnosis. Male: without paired glands on pronotal disc (Fig. 11), pronotal depression broad and deep (Fig. 26), humeral setal patch present (Fig. 3), scutellum pale (Fig. 3), tergite 8 medially lobed (Fig. 85), penis smooth sided with acutely attenuated apex (Fig. 98) and minute median tooth in lateral view (Fig. 125). Female: frontoclypeus medially keeled (as male, Fig. 11), antennomeres 1–3 pale and 4–11 dark brown to black (Fig. 19), scutellum pale, ventrite 5 yellow except laterobasal dark patches (Fig. 47), pygidium wholly brownish-yellow with rounded apex (Fig. 47), apical margin of ventrite 5 shallowly concave (Fig. 47). Notes. All four known specimens are old and/or damaged. The Needle Rock specimen is missing three legs (one of each pair) and has a large peck mark on the pronotum (we note that peck marks from birds are common on specimens of PPB). The Port Darwin specimens have been affected by mould in the past and were originally pinned. All localities for this species are somewhat problematic. Needle Rock is a sea stack on the coast of a remote corner of the Kunmunya Aboriginal Reserve, Kimberley Region, Western Australia. This area is only accessible by boat or seaplane. There is nowhere named Needle Rock Flats that we are aware of, but co-ordinates for the single specimen from this locality indicate a low plateau of 90m elevation, about 500m south of the coastline near Needle Rock. The two specimens labelled Port Darwin, originally from Macleay Museum, were almost certainly collected by Edward Spalding in 1877. Spalding was employed as a collector in the Port Darwin area by WJ Macleay, from May to September 1877 (Musgrave 1932; Rob Blackburn, pers. com. May 2017). Although labelled A. palmerstoni and removed to ANIC as putative type material there is no evidence that they formed part of the syntypic series of that species (Blackburn 1888). The Calvert Expedition specimens in SAM were collected by the naturalist George Keartland in the vicinity of the modern town of Fitzroy Crossing, at the junction of the Fitzroy and Margaret Rivers, in late 1896, after material collected earlier on the expedition had been dumped in the desert (Hill 1905). Etymology. Named for the Philippine entomologist Grace Barroga, to honour her pioneering work on this difficult genus. Distribution (Fig. 183) and biology. Aulacophora barrogae is known from three widely separated localities in northern Australia, from the western Kimberley in Western Australia to the Darwin region of Northern Territory. Only one site, on the semi-arid Kimberley coast, has detailed collecton information. All sites are dominated by savannah woodland with rainfall restricted to the summer months. The distribution of A. barrogae is similar to that of the endemic cucurbit Cucumis umbellatus (Telford et al. 2011) and it possible that this species is a host. The distribution of A. barrogae overlaps with that of A. relicta and the two may possibly be found together.Published as part of Reid, Chris, Halling, Luke & Beatson, Max, 2021, Revision of the Australopapuan and West Pacific species of plain pumpkinbeetles, the Aulacophora indica species-complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae), pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 4932 (1) on pages 21-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4932.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/454544
Bohumiljania xaracuu Reid & Beatson 2011, sp. nov.
No full textBohumiljania xaracuu sp. nov. (Figs 11, 19, 26, 45, 53, 67, 70, 84, 118, 128, 135, 145, 148, 153) Material examined Type Holotype: female/ Mt Do, 1000m, summit forest, 27.x.1978, J. S. Dugdale / diurnal/ (LRL). Description [female only] Length: female 15.5mm; body elongate parallel-sided, length c. 2.8x width, length c. 3.4x height, flat at elytral base in profile, with slightly convex pronotum. Body and appendages dark reddish-brown, except: elytra green with small yellow humeral spot and lateral yellow stripe from humerus broadly along side margin (excluding base of epipleuron) to apex, including apex of suture, remainder of suture narrowly reddish-brown; midline of venter olive-brown; sides of venter and middle of femora slightly bronzed; antennae reddish-orange; labrum and palpi yellow; tarsi entirely dull yellow; apices of mandibles and edge of buccal cavity at antennal sockets black. Head and pronotal punctures each armed with recumbent short yellowish setae. Head, pronotum and elytra shining, without microreticulation. Head: pubescent throughout, setae dense, short and recumbent, sparser at middle; puncturation fine and dense, interspaces </= puncture diameters, slightly sparser along midline and dorsal to antennae; midline of head deeply depressed, sides of frontoclypeal suture deeply grooved; eyes large and laterally prominent, with small internal canthus, separated by c. 4.1x eye width (female); temples short, c. 0.2x length eye, not posteriorly truncate; gena c. 0.25x eye length (female), genal lobe ratio 1.4; antennae situated at anterior of head, in laterally directed sockets, c. 4x socket diameter apart, c. 0.5x body length (female); all antennomeres elongate: 2 shortest (c. 0.5x first), <3, <4=6, <1=5, <8, <10, <7=9, <11 (female); antennomere 7 (female) distinctly expanded; labrum not densely setose, with 1 pair of prominent setae on disc and 3 pairs at apical margin; mentum transversely rectangular, width c. 2x median length, without prominent anterior angles; apical maxillary palpomere fusiform, with broad tip, preapical slightly shorter than apical (female); gula distinctly transversely grooved. Thorax: pronotum pubescent throughout with dense recumbent setae, except in apparently worn off patches and on elevated parts of midline and lateral edges, hypomeron densely setose throughout; pronotum almost parallel-sided, anterior truncate, base medially strongly convex; pronotal width c. 1.15x length; anterior angles laterally produced, c. 85°, posterior angles slightly produced, c. 90°; anterior and posterior not margined except near angles, margination of sides obscured by elongate ridges and grooves; sides of disc longitudinally broadly and irregularly depressed in basal half, with a swelling laterally and groove between swelling and impunctate and ridged lateral edge; pronotal midline slightly elevated in basal half and in a circle anterior to middle, elevated areas impunctate; remainder of pronotum including hypomeron finely and densely punctured, as head, punctures larger and sparser on sides of disc, coalescent and rugose at sides and on hypomeron; prosternum closely punctured and pubescent at sides, process smooth, with scattered punctures but almost glabrous; prosternal process elongate, medially grooved in apical half, straight sides slightly expanded to strongly bilobed apex, angle between lobes V-shaped, c. 100°; scutellum impunctate, quadrate with rounded apex, flat; elytron glabrous (except minute setae at extreme apex), without groove between humerus and epipleuron, sculpture uniform, fine and scattered punctures, without shallow grooves between punctures; upper margin epipleuron reaching angle of humerus at base and complete to apex; mesoventrite median process abruptly elevated to strongly bilobed apex, angle between lobes U-shaped, c. 80°; wing fully developed, with pale yellowish medial fleck; metaventrite shining and glabrous medially, at sides densely pubescent, laterally strigose and finely punctured, apical lobe not margined, flat; metepisternum densely finely punctured and pubescent; 1 short spur on protibia, 2 on remainder; tarsi moderately broad, length first metatarsomere 1.5x width; length second metatarsomere 1.2x width. Abdomen: ventrites I and II entirely fused; ventrites shallowly microreticulate, mostly smooth and shining at middle, with dense recumbent setae and punctures at sides, I–II with denser patches of fine punctures and V with longer more erect setae; ventrite I almost entirely laterally keeled, II keeled in basal 2/3, III–V without lateral keels; apex ventrite V truncate (female). Genitalia: apex female sternite VIII truncate, basal apodeme quadrate, but apex strongly expanded; gonostylus ovoid, not fused to gonocoxite; median sclerite elongate, narrow; spermatheca falcate, duct short and thick, twisted before insertion of gland; rectal kotpresse with dense elongate ventral spinule patch and strips of dense spinules dorsally. Notes Etymology: named for the Xaracuu people, indigenous to the Mount Do area (Anonymous 2010), a noun in apposition. Bohumiljania xaracuu is known from a single locality, the summit of Mt Do, SE New Caledonia, altitude 1000m. An attached label notes that the specimen was ‘diurnal’. The hostplant is unknown.Published as part of Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2011, Revision of the New Caledonian endemic genus Bohumiljania Monrós (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 3000 on pages 18-1
Spilopyra safrina Reid & Beatson 2010, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Spilopyra safrina</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1, 7, 20, 26, 43, 49, 65, 77, 85, 86, 98, 99, 110, 118)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: 1♀ / Windsor Tableland via Mt Carbine, malaise trap, 26.xii.1983 − 24.i.1984, Storey & Halfpapp / (QDPIM); Paratype (1): 1♀ / Cairns / <i>Spilopyra stirlingi</i> Lea Queensland / (MMS).</p> <p> <b>Description [female only].</b> Length: 10.5−11mm; colour: body dark reddish-brown with metallic reflections, appendages red except tarsomeres 1−3, 5, and extreme apices tibiae metallic green, labrum yellowish-red; metallic reflections on body and elytra distributed as follows: extruded part of head capsule: golden-green, with transverse purple diamond on middle of vertex, almost reaching eyes laterally and not extending to clypeus anteriorly; pronotum: all dorsal margins narrowly golden-green, extended towards disc at middle of base and apex, remainder purple; venter golden-green; scutellum golden-green, mesoventrite golden-green; elytra purple, with short green elongate mark at base of 3 rd, 4 th and part of 5 th intervals, green spot on outer edge of humerus (not visible dorsally), complete transverse green band at middle of basal half, narrowly green suture from this band to elytral apex, transverse green patch at middle of apical half not connected with either suture or epipleuron, green outer edge from near this patch to apex; metaventrite green medially and anteriorly, purple laterally including lateral margins; metepisternum green; abdominal ventrites purple with or without green margins.</p> <p>Head: punctures generally fine (about equal to eye facets) and sparse (separated by>3 diameters), larger and denser on clypeus, near eyes and at posterior; almost glabrous, but with 3 trichobothria at inner margin of eye, short slightly elevated setae posterior and anterior to eye and short recumbent setae on clypeus; medially broadly depressed between eyes, without groove on midline of vertex; apical margin clypeus shallowly concave; frontoclypeal suture well-defined, with convex base; eyes separated by c. 4 times eye widths; gena c. 0.28 times eye length; antennae c. 3.5 times socket diameters apart; antennae c. 0.55 times body length; antennomeres: 2 shortest (c. 0.6 times first), <6, <1=8, <3=4=5, <7=9=10, 11; antennomeres 7−11 densely setose and broader than sparsely setose thinner 1−6; apical maxillary palpomere elongate, fusiform, length c. 1.3 times preapical.</p> <p> Thorax: pronotal punctures fine (slightly larger than on middle of head) and sparse (separated by>3 diameters), becoming larger (c. 2 times discal puncture width) and closer (separated by 2−3 diameters) at base; pronotum glabrous, except trichobothrium in each angle and minutely setose lateral margins; pronotal width 1.75 times length, lateral margins evenly convex between prominent, slightly acute angles; pronotal disc almost evenly convex, but with pair of faint depressions either side of midline in basal third; anterior margination incomplete, absent from middle third; hypomeron irregularly wrinkled, not obviously punctured or setose; prosternal process elevated between coxae, punctured and pubescent, approximately quadrate, but with elongate apico-lateral lobes and triangular apical median lobe with rounded apex; scutellum roundedtriangular, with or without 2−3 large punctures; elytra almost glabrous, minute setae present laterally and apically; elytron with deep transverse depression from suture to epipleuron, about 1/3 rd from base, prominent humerus between base of 5 th stria and small depression at epipleuron; strial punctures large and deep at base (similar to pronotal base), evanescent from middle to apex; elytra striate, with 9 distinct striae and sutural stria; large punctures present in transverse depression (especially at sides) and in basal half between 1 st and 2 nd striae and 7 th and 8 th striae, smaller punctures present between 9 th stria and epipleuron; upper margin epipleuron complete to base of elytron, continuing along basal edge; mesoventrite median process transverse, strongly arched to slightly concave apical margin, with shallow median depression; metaventrite shining, minutely and sparsely punctured and pubescent; metaventrite anterior lobe deeply depressed, without margination, remainder of anterior border simply margined, without crenulation or pitting; metepisternum shining and impunctate or almost so; hind femur smooth and sparsely punctured; all tibiae slightly swollen in apical half, metatibia with preapical long setae on inner face; tibiae smooth, sparsely and finely punctured, without keels; second metatarsomere transverse.</p> <p>Abdomen: ventrites I−V with 3−6 pairs of long setae near midline, and minute sparse recumbent setae, denser on ventrites IV−V; ventrite I with basal lateral keel, 1/3−1/2 length ventrite at middle, remaining ventrites without keels; apex ventrite V rounded; apex sternite VIII rounded or narrowly truncate, base with small quadrate apodeme; spermatheca U-shaped with relatively pointed apex, slightly bent towards duct, which is loosely coiled.</p> <p> <b>Note.</b> Etymology: a noun in apposition, named for Safrina Thristiawati, partner of CAMR.</p> <p> <i>Spilopyra safrina</i> is known from 2 specimens, one of which has a printed locality label ‘Cairns’ and the same information written separately in Lea’s handwriting (CAMR, <i>pers. obs</i>.). This appears to be a specimen collected by Lea, who used the appelations ‘Cairns’ and ‘Cairns dist.’ for material collected within at least 100km of Cairns. The other specimen was collected from Windsor Tableland, 100km from Cairns, a large block of forest west of the Mount Carbine-Mount Lewis plateau, and generally sharing its flora and fauna with that region (Yeates, Bouchard & Monteith 2002). It is therefore possible that <i>S. safrina</i> is endemic to this biogeographic area.</p>Published as part of <i>Reid, C. A. M. & Beatson, M., 2010, Revision of the Australo-Papuan genus Spilopyra Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae), pp. 1-32 in Zootaxa 2692 (1)</i> on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2486.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5304597">http://zenodo.org/record/5304597</a>
Steering the Cultural Dynamics
No full textA peer-revieved book based on presentations at the XX Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2010, Melbourne, Australia. Edited by Yoshihisa Kashima, Emiko Kashima, and Ruth Beatson.
(c) 2013, International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychologyhttps://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_proceedings/1002/thumbnail.jp
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