111 research outputs found
Workplace Phobic Anxiety as a Mental Health Phenomenon in the Job Demands-Resources Model
No full textPurpose. Anxiety-related problems at work are a serious problem in the occupational context, as they come along with sick leave and problems in work participation. The aim of this study is to analyse workplace phobic anxiety in nonclinical context using the Job Demands-Resources model. Methods. The study involved a sample of 739 workers from a retail company, mostly with permanent contracts. Structural equation modelling analyses were performed using AMOS software. Results. Both the health impairment and motivational variables in the JD-R model were significantly related to workplace phobic anxiety and subsequently to absenteeism, specifically, exhaustion mediated between perceived job demands and workplace phobic anxiety and work engagement mediated between perceived job resources and workplace phobic anxiety. Moreover, workplace phobic anxiety was significantly positively related to absenteeism. Conclusions. Results suggest that workplace phobic anxiety is a specific concept and an important issue in organizations for both workers’ health and the organizational costs linked to absenteeism. Supervisors and occupational physicians should be aware of workplace phobic anxiety, especially when workers are on sick leave often or for long periods.</jats:p
Diagnostik „rund um die Arbeit“ bei psychischen Erkrankungen
No full textEtwa 60% der Patienten in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation kommen mit arbeitsplatzbezogenen Ängsten und Problemen. Aber auch in der ambulanten Praxis findet man unter Patienten mit chronischen psychischen Erkrankungen etwa 10%, die ihrem Arbeitsplatz mit phobischem Vermeidungsverhalten gegenüberstehen und häufig in einer Langzeitarbeitsunfähigkeit stecken (Muschalla & Linden 2013).
Herauszufinden, was bei diesen Patienten das Problem ist, ist eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung um einen passenden Behandlungsansatz zu finden
A concept of psychological work capacity demands – first evaluation in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders.
No full textBACKGROUND: Work capacity demands are a concept to describe which psychological capacities are required in a job. Assessing psychological work capacity demands is of specific importance when mental health problems at work endanger work ability. Exploring psychological work capacity demands is the basis for mental hazard analysis or rehabilitative action, e.g. in terms of work adjustment.
OBJECTIVE: This is the first study investigating psychological work capacity demands in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders.
METHODS: A structured interview on psychological work capacity demands (Mini-ICF-Work; Muschalla, 2015; Linden et al., 2015) was done with 166 rehabilitation patients of working age. All interviews were done by a state-licensed socio-medically trained psychotherapist. Inter-rater-reliability was assessed by determining agreement in independent co-rating in 65 interviews. For discriminant validity purposes, participants filled in the Short Questionnaire for Work Analysis (KFZA, Prümper et al.,1994).
RESULTS: In different professional fields, different psychological work capacity demands were of importance. The Mini-ICF-Work capacity dimensions reflect different aspects than the KFZA. Patients with mental disorders were longer on sick leave and had worse work ability prognosis than patients without mental disorders, although both groups reported similar work capacity demands.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychological work demands - which are highly relevant for work ability prognosis and work adjustment processes - can be explored and differentiated in terms of psychological capacity demands
A concept of psychological work capacity demands
No full textBACKGROUND: Work capacity demands are a concept to describe which psychological capacities are required in a job. Assessing psychological work capacity demands is of specific importance when mental health problems at work endanger work ability. Exploring psychological work capacity demands is the basis for mental hazard analysis or rehabilitative action, e.g. in terms of work adjustment. OBJECTIVE: This is the first study investigating psychological work capacity demands in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders. METHODS: A structured interview on psychological work capacity demands (Mini-ICF-Work; Muschalla, 2015; Linden et al., 2015) was done with 166 rehabilitation patients of working age. All interviews were done by a state-licensed socio-medically trained psychotherapist. Inter-rater-reliability was assessed by determining agreement in independent co-rating in 65 interviews. For discriminant validity purposes, participants filled in the Short Questionnaire for Work Analysis (KFZA, Prumper et al., 1994). RESULTS: In different professional fields, different psychological work capacity demands were of importance. The Mini-ICF-Work capacity dimensions reflect different aspects than the KFZA. Patients with mental disorders were longer on sick leave and had worse work ability prognosis than patients without mental disorders, although both groups reported similar work capacity demands. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological work demands - which are highly relevant for work ability prognosis and work adjustment processes - can be explored and differentiated in terms of psychological capacity demands
Cancer-specific distress in spouses of cancer patients
No full textEine Tumorerkrankung erzeugt Distress für das gesamte Familiensystem des Betroffenen. Partner*innen von Erkrankten bilden dabei den primären, nicht professionellen Unterstützer. Allerdings ist auch der/die Partner*in einer Vielzahl von psychischen, sozialen und organisatorischen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Die Psychoonkologie nimmt daher den/die Partner*in verstärkt mit in den Fokus von Forschung und Behandlung. Zur Erfassung von krebsspezifischem Distress bei Partner*innen von Krebserkrankten ist bis dato kein psychometrisch geprüftes Messinstrument vorhanden. Der Fragebogen zur Belastung von Partner*innen von Krebserkrankten (FBK-P) wurde in einer Vorstudie an einer kleinen Stichprobe erstmalig pilotiert. Diese Arbeit validiert den FBK-P an einer großen Stichprobe (N = 305) von Partner*innen krebserkrankter Patient*innen. Die Faktorenstruktur des Fragebogens konnte repliziert werden und die Inhalts-, Reliabilitäts- und Validitätsanalysen ergaben gute bis sehr gute Kennwerte. Eine neu entwickelte Kurzform des FBK-P weist ebenfalls zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse auf. Für beide Varianten des Fragebogens wurden mit Hilfe von ROC-Analysen Cut-Offs definiert. Mithilfe des FBK-P wurden Prädiktoren für die Entstehung von krebsspezifischem Distress bei Partner*innen ermittelt. Hier lieferten das Alter und eigene körperliche Erkrankungen von Partner*innen und das Erkrankungsstadium von Patient*innen signifikante Ergebnisse. Um das Konstrukt Distress bei Partner*innen von Krebserkrankten differenziert zu erfassen, wurde zudem eine qualitative Befragung dieser ausgewertet und kategorisiert. Hauptsächliche Belastungen bilden psychische und medizinische Faktoren. Unter den Ressourcen der betroffenen Partner *innen ist vor allem die soziale Unterstützung relevant. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung des aktuellen psychoonkologischen Forschungsstands diskutiert. Implikationen für die wissenschaftliche Forschung und klinische Versorgung werden abgeleitet.An individual's diagnosis of cancer also leads to significant distress in the patients' families. The spouse is the primary non-professional caregiver of the patient and carries the burden of psychological, social and organisational distress. Psychooncology therefore increasingly focuses the partner in research and treatment. Thus, validated instruments for the assessment of spousal cancer-specific distress is necessary. To date, no psychometrically tested tool to asses cancer-specific distress among spouses of tumor patients is available. The questionnaire on stress in partners of cancer patients (QSC-P, german: FBK-P) has already been piloted in a preliminary study with a small sample. The aim of this paper is the validation of the QSC-P on a large sample (N = 305) to ensure the psychometric quality and to develop a screening version of the questionnaire. The three-factor structure of the instrument proved to be stable across samples. Psychometric properties of the QSC-P were satisfying and the content, reliability and validity analyses resulted in good to very good characteristic values. The newly developed short form of the QSC-P also shows satisfactory results. Cut-off scores based on ROC-analyses were defined for both versions of the questionnaire. Furthermore, predictors for the development of cancer-specific distress among partners were determined (namely, age and own physical illnesses of the spouse as well as the disease stage of the patient). In order to profoundly differentiate distress among spouses of cancer patients, a qualitative survey of partners was conducted. Psychological symptoms and medical treatment were identified as the main stressor while social support by family members and friends proved to be the main resource base. The results are discussed, taking the current state of psycho-oncological research into account. Implications for scientific research and psychosocial care are derived
Wisdom affinity in the general population
No full textAbstract Background Wisdom is an important coping resource for difficult and ambiguous life situations. Wisdom trainings have been developed in clinical and non-clinical settings. What has been missing so far are representative data on wisdom affinity from the general population. These are important regarding needs assessments and identification of risk groups with low wisdom affinity and potential problems in coping with difficult and ambiguous life situations. Method The study examined a population-representative sample of 2509 persons. Socio-demographic data, presence of chronic and mental illnesses was assessed, and wisdom attitudes by the 12-WD Wisdom Scale. The surveys were carried out by means of interviews and self-report questionnaires at the respondents’ homes, done by an experienced social research company (USUMA GmbH). Results Only 6% of the whole sample appeared to be highly wisdom-affirmative (12-WD mean score 10 on scale 0–10), whereas 4% may appear low wisdom-affirm, due to very low agreement (12 WD mean score 0–4). Most of the moderately wisdom-affirm people had a religious denomination (70.9%), whereas only 57–59% of the high or low wisdom-affirm persons reported religious affiliations. Low wisdom-affirm were most often chronically ill (25%), with mental or physical illness in similar frequency, and had significantly more unemployment times than persons with higher wisdom scores. Wisdom affinity was independent from age, gender and age, household situation, and higher school education. Conclusion It must be assumed that people with socio-medical risk factors also have impairments in their wisdom-related problem-solving strategies, and that these can be of interest for transdiagnostic wisdom trainings in prevention or rehabilitation, which has shown positive effects
Work-anxiety-coping intervention improves work-coping perception while a recreational intervention leads to deterioration: Results from a randomized controlled trial
No full textWork-anxieties are costly and need early intervention. The perception of being able to cope with work is a basic requirement for work ability. This randomized controlled trial investigates whether a cognitive behavioural, work-anxiety coping group intervention leads to better work-coping perception than an unspecific recreational group.
Heterogeneous people in medical rehabilitation, who were due to return to work, were interviewed concerning their work-anxieties, and either randomly assigned to a work-anxiety coping group (n=85) or a recreational group (n=95). The participants (with an average of 50 years old (range 23-64); 51% women; 70% workers or employees, 25% academics, 5% unskilled) followed the group intervention for four or six sessions. The perceived work-coping was assessed by self-rating (Inventory for Job-Coping and Return Intention JoCoRi) after each group session.
Although participants had a slight temporary decrease in work-coping after group session two (from M1=2.47 to M2 =2.28, dCohen=-0.22), the work-anxiety coping group led to the improvement of perceived work-coping over the intervention course (from M1=2.47 to M6=2.65, dCohen=0.18). In contrast, participants from the recreational group reported lower work-coping after six group sessions (from M1=2.26 to M6=2.02, dCohen=-0.18).
It is considered that people with work-anxieties need training in work-coping. By focusing on recreation only, this may lead to deterioration of work-coping. Indeed, intervention designers should be aware of temporary deterioration (side-effects) when confronting participants with work-coping
Work Ability Impairment and Facets of Workplace Perception Are Predictive of Sick Leave Duration in Persons With Work Anxiety
No full text Abstract. Individuals with work anxiety are at risk for long-term sick leave and create high costs for society, companies, and their own work biography. Understanding psychological return-to-work predictors is important for early reintegration of these persons into the work context. This longitudinal study for the first time investigates the predictive value of workplace perception and objective work ability impairment for future sick leave duration in persons with work anxiety. The investigation was carried out with 103 individuals with work anxieties. They were of working age and confronted with a return-to-work situation after somatic illness. Work ability impairment was assessed in a structured interview by a state-licensed sociomedical specialist using the established Mini-ICF-APP Scale. Participants completed a questionnaire on their workplace perception (KFZA). The degree of work ability impairment (Mini-ICF-APP) was predictive of longer sick leave as well as workplace perception (KFZA dimensions scope of action, social support, need for cooperation). Training and return-to-work support in persons with work anxiety should focus on both work ability impairment and on workplace perception. </jats:p
Arbeitsbezogene Ängste in Forschung und Praxis
No full textArbeitsplätze besitzen ihrer Natur nach zahlreiche potentiell angstauslösende oder angstverstärkende Charakteristika. Manifestieren sich arbeitsbezogene Ängste, können Absentismus, Langzeitarbeitsunfähigkeit bis hin zur Erwerbsunfähigkeit die Folgen sein. Bei Rehabilitanden findet man in 30–60% der Fälle arbeitsbezogene Ängste, die die berufliche Wiedereingliederung erschweren. Aber auch bei psychisch gesunden Erwerbstätigen wurde bei 5 % der Beschäftigten eine arbeitsangstbedingte Neigung zur Krankschreibung gefunden. In der zukünftigen Forschung sollte arbeitsbezogenen Ängsten nicht erst in der Rehabilitation, sondern bereits präventiv am Arbeitsplatz selbst Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden. Das Konzept bietet Ansatzpunkte für psychische Gefährdungsanalysen, sowie Arbeitsplatzgestaltung und –passung
Different work capacity impairments in patients with different work-anxieties
No full textPurpose: Persons with work-anxieties are especially endangered for work-impairment and sick-leave. Work-impairment is not directly due to symptoms but due to illness-related capacity impairments. Work capacity impairments can be described on different dimensions (e.g. social interaction, decision making and judgment, endurance, mobility). Understanding the type of work capacity impairment is important for reintegration interventions This is the first study to investigate work capacity impairment in risk-patients with different work-anxieties.
Methods: Two hundred forty four patients in inpatient rehabilitation suffering from work-anxieties were investigated concerning degree of work capacity impairment. Capacity impairment was described on 13 capacity dimensions according to the internationally evaluated observer-rating Mini-ICF-APP (impairment grades 0-4, grade 2 and higher indicating clinically relevant observable impairment). A physician´s rating on global work ability prognosis was obtained, and sick-leave duration during six months after assessment. Patients with different work-anxieties were compared concerning capacity impairments.
Results: Patients with different work-anxieties were impaired in different capacity dimensions: work-related social anxiety went along with clinically relevant impairment in capacity of assertiveness (M=2.40), anxiety of insufficiency went along with impaired capacity of endurance (M=2.20), work-related generalized worrying was accompanied by impairment in the capacity for decision making (M=1.82). Specific capacity impairment dimensions were related with sick-leave duration, while a global work ability prognosis was not.
Conclusions: The capacity approach is useful to describe work-impairment more precisely and beyond symptoms. On this basis reintegration-focusing interventions such as capacity training (e.g. social interaction training) or work adjustment (e.g. reducing exposure with interactional work tasks) can be initiated
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