24 research outputs found
A Reliability Analysis of Rainwater Catchment System
No full textAbstract: This article examines the reliability of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in subcatchment area. Using water balance simulation and two definitions of this value (time-based and volumetric ones), the reliability of rainwater harvesting systems for 25 locations in Medenine’s dryland agricultural areas in south-eastern Tunisia is assessed. Extensive computer software was created using modelling idea for daily water balance, and three meteorological extremes, i.e. wet, average and dry years, were selected by analysing historical 20-year daily rainfall data to assess RWH system performance. Results stated that for wet climatic conditions, volumetric reliability of around 30–70% can be attained, whereas for these circumstances, only 10–24% time-based reliability can be accomplished. The method described in this article can also be applied to other arid and semi-arid areas by using daily rainfall data to predict water savings and the reliability of RWH systems
Max WEBER'in Karşılaştırmalı-Tarihsel Sosyolojisi (Max WEBER's Comparative-Historical Sociology)
No full textGünümüzde sosyal bilimler alanında toplumu/toplumsalgelişmeyi evrimsel aşamalar ile açıklamaktan kaçınan ve bu tutumun neticesinde tarihe hakkını vermeyi belirleyici olarak tayin eden karşılaştırmalı-tarihsel yaklaşımısavunan sosyal bilimciler bulunsa da tam anlamıyla tarihsel sosyolojinin nasılyapılacağına ve metot anlamında perspektifin ne olacağına yönelik yaklaşımlaraçısından ortak bir tavır mevcut değildir. Stephen Kalberg tarafından kalemealınan eserde bu duruma dikkat çekilirken Weber’in karşılaştırmalı-tarihselsosyolojisi ile günümüzdeki karşılaştırmalı-tarihsel okullar arasındakifarklar, benzerlikler, sınırlar ve açmazlar bağlamında incelemelere yer verilmektedir
Oils of Oryctes owariensis and Homorocoryphus nitidulus consumed in Cameroon: Sources of linoleic acid
No full textTwo unusual oils, obtained from Oryctes owariensis (raphia weevil) and Homorocoryphus nitidulus (crickets) collected in Cameroon were investigated. In addition to the oil content extracted with hexane in Soxhlet, the fatty acid composition as well as differents class of lipids was determined, respectively by CPG and TLC-FID-Iastroscan. The oil content of insects Oryctes owariensis amounted to 53.75% whereas, Homorocoryphus nitidulus came to 67.25%. The oils contained 45.46 and 45.63% of linoleic acid, 37.60 and 27.59% of palmitoleic acid, 4.19 and 16.19% of linolenic, respectively for raphia weevil and crickets oils. The total PUFA and UFA ranged, respectively from 50.86 and 94.49% in Oryctes owariensis and 62.39 and 97.14% in Homorocoryphus nitidulus. Results also showed that the ratios of PUFA/SFA ranged to 16.70 and 105.75. The neutral lipids (TAG 91-93%) were the predominant class of fat amount fatty acids. These 2 insects may be an alternative potential source of essential fatty acids: linoleic acid
Bar graphs showing the variation in body mass (g), CAM volume (cm<sup>3</sup>) and body mass standardized CAM volume (cm<sup>3</sup>g<sup>-1</sup>).
No full texta: Notice that body mass increases steadily between E8-E13, sharply between E13-E15 and then steadily between E15-E20, marking the three growth phases. b: The CAM volume increases fast between E8-E13, steadily between E13-E15 and then declined between E18-E20, the latter was thus a phase of regression. The phase of rapid CAM growth precedes that of embryonic growth. On Scheffé's test (p ≤0.05) CAM volume at E8 and E11 were significantly lower than at all the other subsequent days (asterisks). c: Body-mass standardized CAM volume decreased gradually through the entire period.</p
Body mass, CAM volumes and volumes of the various coarse CAM components in the developing chick embryo.
No full textValues are means ± SD.</p
Logarithmic line graphs showing growth rates of CAM (a) and the various coarse components of the CAM (B).
No full texta: The CAM grew rapidly in phase I (E8-E13), moderately at phase II (E13-18) and was undergoing regression in phase III (E18-E20). CAM volume was significantly correlated to body mass (P = 0.01). CAM growth was strongly positively related to body mass increase up to E18, but it had a strong negative correlation until time of hatching. b: Logarithmic line graphs showing growth regression analysis of the coarse CAM components. The mesoderm was the fastest growing component while the large vessels were the slowest. Both the chorion and allantois grew at the same rate. When viewed on individual basis at various growth phases, all components were growing fastest in phase I and except the mesoderm, they were regressing in phase III. All components were significantly correlated to body mass during the entire period (P ≤ 0.05). The chorion, allantois and vessels were regressing in phase III (showed a strong negative correlation with body mass).</p
Bar graphs showing the proportions of the capillary and non-capillary components of the chorion (a) as well as the respective absolute volumes (b).
No full texta: Between E8 and E11, the chorionic capillaries take over 50% of the chorionic volume, but are overtaken by chorionic cells as from E13. By the end of incubation, the capillaries take only about 25% of the chorionic volume. b: In absolute terms, the values of both the capillary and non-capillary components reach a peak at E18 and then begin to decline. The volume of the capillaries remains the greater component up to E11. Volumes of the chorionic capillaries were significantly greater (P≤ 0.05) at E15 and E18 than at E8. Chorionic cell volumes were significantly greater (P≤ 0.05) at all subsequent time points than at E8 and were greater also than those at E11 except at E13. Volume was significantly greater at E18 than at E13.</p
Relative expression levels of selected angiogenesis related molecules during the course of CAM development.
No full textThe expression levels, however, did not show any statistically significant differences among various time points (single factor ANOVA). a: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), the vessel endothelial marker, reaches a peak at E11, and then decreases steadily, being least at E20. b: There is an increase in the expression levels of HIF1α at E11, a sharp decrease towards E15 with a peak at E20. c: VEGFA peaks at E11 and again at E20. Its lowest expression levels are at E15 d: The stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) expression levels reach a peak at E11 and decline towards E15.</p
Light micrographs showing cell proliferation (a, c, e) and apoptosis (b, d, f) in the developing CAM.
No full texta, c, e: Cell proliferation in the chorionic epithelium at E11 but mainly in the subepithelial layer. By E14 the proliferation is now preponderant within the chorion and subchorionic rare and by E17; only occasional proliferating cells are encountered in the basal layer. b, d, f: Cell apoptosis is more pronounced in the allantois from E13 but mild in the chorion, and shifts to chorion by E17 and is quite pronounced by E18.</p
Growth phases and percentage changes in body mass and CAM volume in the developing chick embryo.
No full textGrowth phases and percentage changes in body mass and CAM volume in the developing chick embryo.</p
