195,115 research outputs found
Biochemical basis of insect resistance in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolbus): characterisation of insecticidal proteins and their encoding genes
No full textMany pulses and beans grown for human comsumption are susceptible to insect attack. Winged bean, a high protein crop of the tropics, yield seeds which appear to be immune to infestation by the storage bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus. In this thesis the biochemical basis of this resisitance was investigated. Insect bio-assays were carried out in which protein fractions from seeds of winged bean were incorporated at a range of concentrations into artificial seeds, and their effects upon the development of C.maculatus determined. Both albumin and globulin fractions were toxic to the developing larvae and their toxicity correlated with their haemagglutination activity. Assay of psophocarpin fractions A, B and C found the fraction psophocarpin B to be most insecticidal. On further purification this fraction yielded two lectin fractions and a protease inhibitor fraction. Purified basic lectin was highly insecticidal to C. maculatus larvae with an LC(_50) value of 0.35%. The physiological level of this protein in winged bean seeds is sufficient to account for their resistance to attack by C maculatus. Winged bean trypsin inhibitor was also purified and tested in artificial seeds against C maculatus. However, even at concentrations in excess of twice the physiological concentration it had no deleterious effects upon development. Winged bean protein fractions, incorporated in artificial diets, proved toxic to the Lepidopteran pests Heliothis virescens and Spodoptera littoralis in bio-assays, but it appeared that the basic lectin was not responsible for toxicity towards these insects. Attempts to clone the gene encoding the winged bean basic lectin were made by constructing cDNA and genomic libraries, and heterologous lectin genes from soybean and Phaseolus were investigated as possible probes for the basic lectin gene. Purification of the basic lectin B3 and sequencing of 44% of its primary protein structure, along with comparisons with other legume lectin sequences allowed the synthesis of oligonucleotide primers for use in polymerase chain reaction experiments. However, all the PGR products obtained were shown to be the result of non-specific amplification. Further work needed to obtain the basic lectin gene is discussed
Letter from C. D. Bean to Representative Burdick Regarding Need for Barge to Ferry Trucks Across the Lake Created by the Garrison Dam, September 5, 1957
No full textThis letter, dated September 5, 1957, from Federal Supply Service Commissioner C. D. Bean to United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick responds to an inquiry related to transportation for the Three Affiliated Tribes across the Garrison Reservoir. The US Department of the Interior informed Bean\u27s office that the US Bureau of Indian Affairs does not have the authority to transfer ownership of property to the tribes. Bean recommends that the tribes purchase a surplus barge and jeeps as needed and encloses information about buying surplus property. The referenced enclosed booklet is not included with this document.
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Letter from Representative Burdick to Clifton E. Mack Regarding Need for Barge to Ferry Trucks Across the Lake Created by the Garrison Dam, May 22, 1957https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1350/thumbnail.jp
Bean Technology Dissemination Project Beneficiary Survey in Nicaragua
No full textTo address the critical shortage of high quality bean seed that smallholder resource poor farmers need to increase productivity, in 2010, the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP managed by Michigan State University, through funding from USAID, initiated the Bean Technology Dissemination (BTD) project focused on four countries in Central America and the Caribbean—Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Haiti. The objective of the BTD project was to enable a large number of rural families to escape poverty by introducing technologies that improved the productivity and economic viability of small-scale farms. A major focus of the BTD project was to build “seed security” in the region through the multiplication, distribution and effective storage of bean seed of improved varieties. This dataset is an output of the survey of BTD project beneficiaries conducted in 2012 by Michigan State University: a) to understand the profiles and the household bean production economy in the BTD project areas, b) to assess the pros and cons of the availability of seeds of improved varieties distributed by the project; and c) to derive lessons on the strategy of scaling up bean seed dissemination efforts
Bean Technology Dissemination Project Beneficiary Survey in Nicaragua
No full textTo address the critical shortage of high quality bean seed that smallholder resource poor farmers need to increase productivity, in 2010, the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP managed by Michigan State University, through funding from USAID, initiated the Bean Technology Dissemination (BTD) project focused on four countries in Central America and the Caribbean—Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Haiti. The objective of the BTD project was to enable a large number of rural families to escape poverty by introducing technologies that improved the productivity and economic viability of small-scale farms. A major focus of the BTD project was to build “seed security” in the region through the multiplication, distribution and effective storage of bean seed of improved varieties. This dataset is an output of the survey of BTD project beneficiaries conducted in 2012 by Michigan State University: a) to understand the profiles and the household bean production economy in the BTD project areas, b) to assess the pros and cons of the availability of seeds of improved varieties distributed by the project; and c) to derive lessons on the strategy of scaling up bean seed dissemination efforts
Bean Technology Dissemination Project Beneficiary Survey in Guatemala
No full textTo address the critical shortage of high quality bean seed that smallholder resource poor farmers need to increase productivity, in 2010, the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP managed by Michigan State University, through funding from USAID, initiated the Bean Technology Dissemination (BTD) project focused on four countries in Central America and the Caribbean—Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Haiti. The objective of the BTD project was to enable a large number of rural families to escape poverty by introducing technologies that improved the productivity and economic viability of small-scale farms. A major focus of the BTD project was to build “seed security” in the region through the multiplication, distribution and effective storage of bean seed of improved varieties. This dataset is an output of the survey of BTD project beneficiaries conducted in Guatemala in 2013 by Michigan State University: a) to understand the profiles and the household bean production economy in the BTD project areas, b) to assess the pros and cons of the availability of seeds of improved varieties distributed by the project; and c) to derive lessons on the strategy of scaling up bean seed dissemination efforts
Bean rust
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on August 3, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Bean Technology Dissemination Project Beneficiary Survey in Guatemala
No full textTo address the critical shortage of high quality bean seed that smallholder resource poor farmers need to increase productivity, in 2010, the Dry Grain Pulses CRSP managed by Michigan State University, through funding from USAID, initiated the Bean Technology Dissemination (BTD) project focused on four countries in Central America and the Caribbean—Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Haiti. The objective of the BTD project was to enable a large number of rural families to escape poverty by introducing technologies that improved the productivity and economic viability of small-scale farms. A major focus of the BTD project was to build “seed security” in the region through the multiplication, distribution and effective storage of bean seed of improved varieties. This dataset is an output of the survey of BTD project beneficiaries conducted in Guatemala in 2013 by Michigan State University: a) to understand the profiles and the household bean production economy in the BTD project areas, b) to assess the pros and cons of the availability of seeds of improved varieties distributed by the project; and c) to derive lessons on the strategy of scaling up bean seed dissemination efforts
Life history parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) at different environmental conditions on two bean cultivars
No full textLife-history parameters of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), an important pest of bean crops in Colombia, were determined in environmental control chambers on two dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv.). Trialeurodes vaporariorum longevity on cv. Chocho decreased as temperature increased from 22.6 d at 19ºC to 5.9 d at 26ºC. Fecundity was significantly lower at 19ºC (8.6 eggs/female), as compared to 22ºC (32.6 eggs/female) and 26ºC (33.3 eggs/female) on cv. Chocho. Fecundity on cv. ICA-Pijao was much higher (127.2 eggs/female) than on cv. Chocho (32.6 eggs/female) at 19ºC. The intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) was highest at 22ºC (0.061), intermediate at 19ºC (0.044) and lowest at 26ºC (0.035) on cv. Chocho, and was 0.072 on cv. ICA-Pijao at 19ºC. Life history parameters of T. vaporariorum are compared to those of one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Amitus fuscipennis MacGown & Nebeker. Finally, data are presented on the distribution of the parasitoid related to the altitude for the Valle del Cauca, Colombi
Some properties of broad-bean mottle virus
No full textA severe disease affecting many plants in a crop of broad beans was found to be caused by a previously undescribed virus, provisionally named broad-bean mottle virus. The distribution of diseased plants suggested spread by a vector, but none of the six insects tested transmitted it. The virus was transmitted to several species of leguminous plants by mechanical inoculation of sap; infectivity for some hosts seemed to be increased by propagation in these hosts. The virus has an unusual combination of properties. Its thermal inactivation point is about 95°C., whereas sap becomes non-infective within 3 weeks at room temperature. The infection end-point of broad-bean sap is 1/1000, only a little higher than the precipitation titre with specific antiserum. Precipitation with antiserum occurs over a smaller range of antigen/antibody ratios than with other viruses previously studied, possibly because of its greater solubility; it is not precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 until the salt concentration exceeds 75% saturation. A specific nucleoprotein, containing nucleic acid of the ribose type, can be isolated from infective broad-bean sap in yields up to 2 g./l. Purified preparations, made by salt precipitation and ultracentrifugation, contain uniform spherical particles approximately 17 m? in diameter. It is suggested that much of this nucleoprotein is non-infective, but may otherwise resemble infective particles
Correlation of physio-chemical characteristics in the seed coat and canning quality in different dark red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivars
No full textPlan BThe canned kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the major consumption forms of this agricultural product. In the canning industry, seed coat splitting is considered one factor affecting the integrity of the appearance in the final product. Three different dark red kidney bean cultivars (85, 453 and Nickols) grown in the Wisconsin area were studied in this research. The physiochemical properties in this study included moisture content, the seed coat to whole seed weight ratio, the weight per seed, ash, mineral (sodium, calcium, iron, potassium and magnesium) and total crude protein content in the seed coat. The correlations of these properties with the seed coat splits were investigated. In the canned product, highly significant differences (P<0.01) in percentage of split seed coat were found among the three cultivars studied. Canned cv. 85 had significantly fewer seed coat splits than the other two cultivars. Cv. 85 was significantly higher in moisture content, as well as ash, sodium, calcium and iron content in the seed coat. The seed coat of cv. 453 was significantly higher in magnesium, and total crude protein. Cv. Nickols was found to be significantly higher in the weight per bean and seed coat splits after the canning process. Significant negative correlations were found between the percentage of seed coat splits, sodium (r = -0.89, p< 0.01), calcium (r = -0.74, P< 0.01) and iron content (r = -0.79, P< 0.05) in the seed coat. A positive correlation was found between sodium content and calcium content (r = 0.69, P< 0.05) in the seed coat. Increased calcium content in the seed coat was accompanied with increased sodium content. A significant positive relationship (r = 0.901, P< 0.01) was found between seed weight and the percentage of seed coat splits. This research suggested that several physiochemical factors of the seed coat, including weight per seed, sodium, calcium, and iron content, might play important roles in the integrity of the seed coat during the thermal processing
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