19,210 research outputs found
Psechrus antraeus Bayer & Jager 2010
No full text<i>Psechrus antraeus</i> Bayer & Jäger, 2010 <p>Figs 27a–g, 82h,o, 85d, 88d, 91d</p> <p> <i>Psechrus antraeus</i> Bayer and Jäger 2010: 61, figs 10–23, 55, 58–60 (Description of ♂ and ♀, illustration of ♂ and ♀♀). [Holotype ♀ (SB 8) from LAOS: Vientiane Province: Vang Vieng, W of VV, Tham Khan, N 18°55'32.0'', E 102°24'57.7'', 302 m, in cave; P. Jäger leg. 15.III.2008; SMF; Paratypes: 1 ♂ (SB7), same data as for holotype; SMF; 2 ♀♀ (SB43–44) from Vang Vieng, W of VV, Tham Pou Kham, N 18°55'32.9'', E 102°24'44'', 260 m, inside limestone cave; P. Jäger leg. 15.III.2008; MHNG; 2 ♀♀ (SB73–74) from same locality as SB 43–44; P. Jäger & F. Steinmetz leg. 13.III.2007; RMNH; all type material examined].</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined</b> (2 ♀♀, 1 s.a. ♂, 1 juv.). <b>LAOS: Vientiane Province:</b> Vang Vieng, W of VV, Tham Pou Kham, N 18°55'32.9'', E 102°24'44'', 260 m, inside limestone cave; P. Jäger leg. 15. III.2008; 1 juv. (SB 45), SMF; Same locality; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 12.XI.2009; 2 ♀♀ (SB 294–295), SMF. Vang Vieng, W of VV, Tham Pou Na, N 18°55'32.5'', E 102°22'55.5'', 280 m, overgrown rockwall; P. Jäger & S. Bayer leg. 12.XI.2009; 1 s.a. ♂ (SB 298), SMF.</p> <p> <b>Revised diagnosis</b> (see also diagnosis for <i>ancoralis</i> -group above). Males similar to <i>P. ancoralis</i> in having embolus (E) about as long as width of tegulum (T). Distinguished by the narrower conductor (C) (ca. 1/4 width of T, Fig. 27b) and the E, which is curved prolaterad in distal section (Fig. 27b). Females with median septum (MS) just slightly shorter than broad (Figs 27e, 88d). Distance between copulatory openings (CO) at most half as long as entire septum length. In vulva the initial parts of copulatory ducts (CD) located clearly anterior to spermathecal heads (SH) and spermathecae (Figs 27f, 91d).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> </p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 5.5, carapace width 3.9, anterior width of carapace 2.2, opisthosoma length 5.8, opisthosoma width 2.4. Eyes: AME 0.31, ALE 0.44, PME 0.42, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.03, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.26, AME–PME 0.47, ALE–PLE 0.38, clypeus height at AME 0.68, clypeus height at ALE 0.59.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 7.2 [2.5, 1.2, 1.1, 2.4]; Legs: I 53.8 [14.4, 2.6, 14.7, 15.4, 6.7], II 41.2 [11.2, 2.5, 10.9, 11.6, 5.0], III 26.4 [7.7, 2.0, 6.2, 7.1, 3.4], IV 42.4 [11.4, 2.1, 10.6, 12.4, 5.9].</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 131, 010, 1101(prolateral and ventral one smaller); legs: femur I–II 566, III–IV 555; patella I–IV 000; tibia I 3038{30310}, II 3038, III 3034, IV 3036; metatarsus I 3038, II–III 3035, IV 3037.</p> <p>Palpal femur without modification, rather slim (Fig. 27d).</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for <i>ancoralis</i> -group). Conductor (C) almost straight and almost as long as T (Figs 27a–c). Palpal tibia (Figs 27a–c) longer and narrower than in <i>P. ancoralis</i>.</p> <p> <b>Female:</b> (Measurements of holotype first, those of other specimens as range in parentheses).</p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 5.7 (5.9–8.1), carapace width 4.0 (4.0–5.6), anterior width of carapace 2.5 (2.5–3.3), opisthosoma length 7.6 (8.8–12.6), opisthosoma width 3.6 (4.4–7.4). Eyes: AME 0.37 (0.36–0.45), ALE 0.40 (0.43–0.51), PME 0.45 (0.47–0.52), PLE 0.44 (0.43–0.51), AME–AME 0.12 (0.13–0.19), AME–ALE 0.06 (0.03–0.06), PME–PME 0.22 (0.18–0.27), PME–PLE 0.35 (0.24–0.41), AME–PME 0.44 (0.46–0.58), ALE–PLE 0.36 (0.26–0.42), clypeus height at AME 0.75 (0.98–1.24), clypeus height at ALE 0.70 (0.89–0.96).</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and six retromarginal teeth in holotype and one other female (three promarginal and five retromarginal in remaining females).</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 7.2 (7.5–9.7) [2.6 (2.5–3.1), 1.0 (1.1–1.4, 1.3 (1.4–2.0), 2.3 (2.5–3.2)]; Legs: I 37.9 (39.9–50.1) [10.3 (10.7–13.4), 2.4 (2.5–3.4), 10.9 (11.2–14.5), 9.9 (10.4–13.0), 4.4 (5.1–5.8)], II 29.9 (31.8–40.3) [8.8 (9.1–11.6), 2.0 (2.3–3.1), 8.0 (8.5–10.7), 7.6 (8.0–10.2), 3.5 (3.9–4.7)], III 20.8 (21.8–28.8) [6.3 (6.6–8.7), 1.7 (1.7–2.4), 5.1 (5.3–7.1), 5.2 (5.5–7.3), 2.5 (2.7–3.3)], IV 30.9 (33.0–40.6) [9.1 (9.5–11.8), 1.9 (2.0–2.8), 7.9 (8.6–11.2), 8.0 (8.4–10.6), 4.0 (4.2–4.5)].</p> <p>Palpal claw with 13 (13–16) teeth.</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 131 (131), 110 (110), 1101 (1101), 1013 (1014,2013); legs: femur I–II 556 (556), III 555 (555), IV 555 (555,545,554); patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038 (3038), III 3234 (3134,3136), IV 3133 (3033,3136); metatarsus I–III 3035 (3035), IV 3035 (3035,3034).</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of <i>ancoralis</i> -group). Epigyne without epigynal field (Figs 27e, 88d). Median septum mostly (almost) square (Fig. 27e). Spermatheca extending laterally (Fig. 27f). Colouration of male and female (see also description for <i>ancoralis</i> -group and <i>Psechrus</i>). Median bands on carapace slightly serrated. Lateral bands narrow (almost diameter of PME) and slightly serrated. Light longitudinal line ventrally on opisthosoma continuous and rather narrow. If measured centrally on opisthosoma, its width is ca. 1/2 the width of one half of the cribellum.</p> <p> <b>Variation of copulatory organs.</b> For variation in female copulatory organs see description and illustrations in Bayer and Jäger (2010).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Laos (Fig. 98).</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), pp. 1-170 in Zootaxa 3379 (1)</i> on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6039832">http://zenodo.org/record/6039832</a>
Psechrus steineri Bayer & Jager 2010
No full text<i>Psechrus steineri</i> Bayer & Jäger, 2010 <p>Figs 30a–g, 85f, 88f, 91f</p> <p> <i>Psechrus steineri</i> Bayer and Jäger 2010: 59, figs 1–9, 54, 57 (Description of ♂ and ♀, illustration of ♂ and ♀). [Holotype ♀ (SB 65) from LAOS: Khammouan Province: Ban Nong Ping, Xe Bangfai cave system, Tham Pha Leusi, N 17°22'23.4'', E 105°50'28.4'', ca. 300 m, inside cave; H. Steiner leg. 15.II.2007; SMF; Paratype: 1 ♂ (SB 64), same data as for holotype; SMF; all type material examined].</p> <p> Additional material examined. <b>LAOS: Khammouan Province:</b> Ban Nong Ping, Xe Bangfai cave system, Tham Pha Leusi, N 17°22'23.4'', E 105°50'28.4'', ca. 300 m, inside cave; H. Steiner leg. 15. II.2007; 1 juv. (SB 66), SMF.</p> <p> <b>Revised diagnosis</b> (see also diagnosis for <i>ancoralis</i> -group above). Males similar to <i>P. khammouan</i> in having bulky tegulum (T) and narrow conductor (C). Distinguished by the shorter embolus (E) and C, the even more bulky and larger T (Figs 30a–c), the differently shaped embolus base (EB) and the median ridge distally on conductor (Fig. 30b). Females similar to <i>P. khammouan</i> in having median septum (MS) with lateral margins diverging (Figs 29e, 30e), initial sections of copulatory ducts (CD) running transversally and spermathecal heads clearly separated from spermathecae (Figs 29b, 30f). Distinguished by the strongly diverging margins of MS causing anterior sections running almost parallel with epigastric furrow (Fig. 30e). Moreover, CD distinctly shorter (Fig. 30f).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> </p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 8.4, carapace width 5.8, anterior width of carapace 3.1, opisthosoma length 9.6, opisthosoma width 3.8. Eyes: AME 0.42, ALE 0.48, PME 0.52, PLE 0.49, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.35, PME–PLE 0.39, AME–PME 0.62, ALE–PLE 0.43, clypeus height at AME 1.04, clypeus height at ALE 0.95.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 9.8 [3.6, 1.8, 1.6, 2.8]; Legs: I 65.9 [16.9, 3.9, 18.5, 19.5, 7.1], II 49.0 [13.0, 3.6, 13.5, 13.2, 5.7], III 33.9 [9.8, 2.8, 8.3, 9.1, 3.9], IV 50.6 [13.5, 3.0, 13.0, 14.7, 6.4].</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 131, 010, 0100; legs: femur I 666, II 566, III 656{555}, IV 565; patella I–IV 000; tibia I 3037{3038}, II 3038, III–IV 3035; metatarsus I–III 3035, IV 3034.</p> <p>Palpal femur not very slim, without modification (Fig. 30d).</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for <i>ancoralis</i> -group). Conductor (C) distally folded ventrad (Figs 30b–c). Tegulum with rounded “corner” (Fig. 30b) close to the arising point of E. Palpal tibia (Figs 30a–c) relatively short and bulky (Figs 30a–c).</p> <p> <b>Female:</b></p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 8.2, carapace width 5.5, anterior width of carapace 3.4, opisthosoma length 10.2, opisthosoma width 4.6. Eyes: AME 0.47, ALE 0.50, PME 0.50, PLE 0.49, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.48, AME–PME 0.65, ALE–PLE 0.50, clypeus height at AME 1.19, clypeus height at ALE 1.04.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four (five, right) retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 9.5 [3.3, 1.5, 1.9, 2.8]; Legs: I 50.1 [13.9, 3.4, 14.2, 13.0, 5.6], II 40.0 [11.4, 3.2, 10.8, 10.2, 4.4], III 27.6 [8.3, 2.3, 6.8, 7.1, 5.1], IV 41.1 [11.8, 2.8, 10.6, 10.8, 5.1].</p> <p>Palpal claw with 13 teeth.</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 131{141}, 110, 1101, 1014; legs: femur I–II 556, III 555, IV 554; patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038, III 3134(dorsal one small), IV 3135(dorsal one small); metatarsus I–IV 3035.</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of <i>ancoralis</i> -group). Epigynal muscle sigilla and slit sense organs outside epigynal field (Fig. 30e). Spermathecal heads located anterio-medially. Spermatheca irregularly shaped (Fig. 30f, 91f).</p> <p> Colouration of male and female (see also description for <i>ancoralis</i> -group and <i>Psechrus</i>). Median bands on carapace not serrated. Lateral bands extremely narrow or not even recognisable (at most 1/4 diameter of PME), not serrated. Light longitudinal line ventrally on opisthosoma continuous and narrow. If measured centrally on opisthosoma, its width is ca. 1/2 the width of one half of the cribellum.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Laos (Fig. 98).</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), pp. 1-170 in Zootaxa 3379 (1)</i> on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6039832">http://zenodo.org/record/6039832</a>
Psechrus himalayanus
No full text<i>himalayanus-</i> group <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (reproduced from Bayer 2012): Males with embolus arising medially at distal half of tegulum (Bayer 2012, figs. 31b, 37b, 48b). In males, either coxae of legs I (Bayer 2012, figs 82l,r) or the most proximal part of palpal femur (Bayer 2012, fig. 35d) ventrally with field of distinct macrosetae.</p> <p> Females are distinguished from those of all other species groups except the <i>ancoralis</i> -group by the following combination of characters: Epigyne without tegimentum (Bayer 2012, figs 69a, 89m) and strongly sclerotised epigynal field (Bayer 2012, figs 87c–d), with small, slit-like copulatory openings (Bayer 2012, fig. 37d) and mostly converging anterior sections of epigynal slits (Bayer 2012, figs 27e, 36a) and median septum mostly broader than long (Bayer 2012, figs 32a, 36a, 41e); receptacula not distinctly round, copulatory ducts without distinctly rough surface (Bayer 2012, fig. 80b) and bulbous (Bayer 2012, fig. 63b) or twisted (Bayer 2012, fig. 59b) sections and at most 1.5 times broader than diameter of one receptaculum. Females are distinguished from those of the <i>ancoralis</i> - group by the spermathecal heads located on the receptacula (spermathecae) and by the copulatory ducts mostly narrow and shorter than the diameter of one receptaculum (Bayer 2012, figs 37e, 41f, 47b, 49b).</p> <p> The close relationship to the <i>ancoralis</i> -group and a possible paraphyly is discussed in the paragraph below the heading of the <i>ancoralis</i> -group above. The <i>himalayanus</i> -group includes 11 species (<i>Psechrus himalayanus</i> Simon, 1906, <i>P. marsyandi</i> Levi, 1982, <i>P. inflatus</i> Bayer, 2012, <i>P. ghecuanus</i> Thorell, 1897, <i>P. pakawini</i> Bayer, 2012, <i>P. luangprabang</i> Jäger, 2007, <i>P. demiror</i> Bayer, 2012, <i>P. j a eg e r i</i> Bayer, 2012, <i>P. vivax</i> Bayer, 2012, <i>P. arietinus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P. insulanus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>) and is distributed in Northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2014, Seven new species of Psechrus and additional taxonomic contributions to the knowledge of the spider family Psechridae (Araneae), pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 3826 (1)</i> on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3826.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/286429">http://zenodo.org/record/286429</a>
Psechrus aluco Bayer 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Psechrus aluco</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 13a–c, 87f, 90f</p> <p> <b>Type material:</b> <b>Holotype</b> ♀ (SB 123), <b>INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Barat Province:</b> Cibodas, Gunung Gedeh Nature Reserve, 1450 m; S. Djojosudharmo leg. 06.XII.1986; Deeleman Coll. in RMNH.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the copulatory openings including the surrounding area, which are reminiscent of the eyes of the tawny owl (<i>Strix aluco</i> Linnaeus); term “aluco” in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (see also diagnosis for <i>annulatus</i> -group above). Females similar to <i>P. annulatus</i> in having rounded copulatory ducts (CD). Distinguished by the distinctly smaller CD and by the spermathecal heads (SH), which are located posteriorly at spermathecae (Fig. 13b). Moreover, median septum (MS) protruding more strongly (Fig. 13a).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male: unknown.</b> </p> <p> <b>Female</b> (Note: both legs IV missing):</p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 5.1, carapace width 3.4, anterior width of carapace 2.2, opisthosoma length 7.3, opisthosoma width 3.8. Eyes: AME 0.32, ALE 0.37, PME 0.37, PLE 0.36, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.21, PME–PLE 0.33, AME–PME 0.43, ALE–PLE 0.37, clypeus height at AME 0.75, clypeus height at ALE 0.55.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula:—. Palp: 6.2 [2.1, 0.8, 1.2, 2.1]; Legs: I 34.3 [9.5, 1.9, 9.5, 8.6, 4.8], II 27.0 [7.7, 1.7, 7.2, 6.6, 3.8], III 18.7 [5.7, 1.3, 4.4, 4.7, 2.6].</p> <p>Palpal claw with 14 teeth.</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 131, 110, 1101, 1013; legs: femur I 556, II 546 III 545; patella I–III 000; tibia I–II 3038, III 3124; metatarsus I–III 3035.</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of <i>annulatus</i> -group). MS very large in comparison to epigynal field (EF), posteriorly ca. 1.5x broader than between the two copulatory openings (CO) (Fig. 13a). Slit sense organs and epigynal muscle sigilla outside EF. SH upon relatively short stalks (Fig. 13b).</p> <p>Note: It can not be excluded, that the dark parts at or in CO (Figs 13a, 87f) are mating plugs. I carefully tried to remove them, but they were very rigid. In order to avoid damage of epigynal structures I did not try harder. However, equally possible that these structures are part of the copulatory organ.</p> <p> Colouration (see also description for <i>annulatus</i> -group and <i>Psechrus</i>). Width of lateral bands medium-sized (ca. 1.3x diameter of PME) and not serrated.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Indonesia [Java] (Fig. 100).</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), pp. 1-170 in Zootaxa 3379 (1)</i> on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6039832">http://zenodo.org/record/6039832</a>
Corythalia ricti Bayer 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Corythalia ricti</i> Bayer, sp. nov. <p>Figs 15 A–B, 57E, 64H, 68E</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1212C70E-84A1-48E6-8872-0083D3A425E9</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♂, GUYANA: East Berbice-Corentyne: Canje-Ikuruwa River, Forest Savanna, ca. 57°30’W, 05°42’N, about 25 m a.s.l.; George Bentley leg. Aug.–Dec. 1961, AMNH-IZC 00327077.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the RTA of the holotype which resembles an open mouth (of a monstrous fantasy creature) with several pointed teeth (Latin “rictus/rictum” means “widely open mouth”); noun in genitive case.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Males distinguished from those of all other <i>Corythalia</i> species by the combination of the following characters: embolus base (EB) with prolateral extension in form of an elongated bulge; width of EB circle clearly more than half the width of tegulum, almost 2/3; embolus (E) distally pointed and with prolateral direction (Figs 15A, 64H). RTA in retrolateral view with distinct bend, distal part directed disto-ventrally and being clearly shorter and narrower than proximal part (Figs 15B, 68E), RTA in ventral view subdistally with broad and deep incision exhibiting several teeth (Figs 15A, 64H).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> total length 6.3, carapace length 3.0, maximal carapace width 2.0, width of eye rectangle 1.8, opisthosoma length 2.5, opisthosoma width 1.7, fovea length 0.23. EYES: AME 0.58, ALE 0.35, PME 0.09, PLE 0.30, AME–AME 0.04, AME–ALE 0.04, PME–PME 1.52, PME–PLE 0.26, ALE–PLE 0.68, PLE–PLE 1.24, clypeus height at AME 0.28, clypeus height at ALE 0.66. Cheliceral furrow with 1 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth. SPINATION: palp without spines. Legs: femur I 1500, II–IV 1600; patella I 1000, II–IV 1010; tibia I 3005, II 3004{3015}, III–IV 3133; metatarsus I 2014, II 2024 {2025}, III 3134, IV 3144. MEASUREMENT OF PALP AND LEGS: palp 2.4 [0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 1.0], I 4.5 [1.4, 0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5], II 4.6 [1.5, 0.8, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5], III 5.4 [1.8, 0.8, 1.1, 1.2, 0.5], IV 5.4 [1.7, 0.7, 1.2, 1.2, 0.6]. LEG FORMULA: 3&421 (legs III & IV with exactly the same length). COPULATORY ORGAN: embolus (E) quite short, pointed and distal section directed prolaterally; E about as long as 1/2 the width of tegulum (T) (Figs 15A, 64H). Embolus base (EB) broad (EB circle almost as broad as 2/3 the width of T), located centro-distally at T; T relatively short, but proximal tegulum lobe (PTL) distinct and with small prolateral lobe; T with double stacked S-shaped spermduct visible in retrolateral 1/2 to 2/3 (Figs 15A, 64H). Cymbium relatively short and broad, distally conically converging and at distalmost section rounded to egg-tip-shaped. Palpal tibia short (length about 2/3 the width), with indistinct and flat ventral tibial bump (Figs 15 A–B, 64H, 68E). RTA quite broad, subdistally with broad and deep incision exhibiting several teeth (Figs 15A, 64H), in retrolateral view even broader and with distinct bend, distal part directed disto-ventrally and being clearly shorter and narrower than proximal part (Figs 15B, 68E). COLOURATION: see genus description for conservative aspects. Carapace dark red-brown (Fig. 57E). Legs almost completely unicoloured dark brown to red-brown, except for tarsi and coxae & trochanteres being lighter (Fig. 57E). Opisthosoma like noted in genus description under general dorsal colouration, except for chevron-like patch in central band missing (Fig. 57E).</p> <p> <b>Female:</b> unknown.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The short, relatively narrow, distally pointed embolus with prolateral direction and the relatively broad and short tegulum with a distinct proximal lobe exhibiting a prolateral lobe are similar to <i>C. antepagmenti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>C. drepane</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, so we expect a quite close relationship between these two species and <i>C. ricti</i> Bayer, <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the type locality in East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana.</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, Höfer, Hubert & Metzner, Heiko, 2020, Revision of the genus Corythalia C. L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini), pp. 1-144 in Zootaxa 4806 (1)</i> on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4806.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3927380">http://zenodo.org/record/3927380</a>
Psechrus ulcus Bayer 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Psechrus ulcus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 10a–e, 84f</p> <p> <b>Type material:</b> <b>Holotype</b> ♂ (SB 141), <b>INDONESIA: Borneo, Kalimantan Selatan Province:</b> ca. 25 km E of Banjarbaru, near Riamkanan Dam, S 3°30'59'', E 115°01'00'', 50 m, primary forest; P. Schwendinger leg. 29.–31.X.2008; MHNG.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the striking retrolateral process on palpal tibia (Latin “ulcus” means “excrescense, branch”); term (noun) in apposition.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (see also diagnosis for <i>mulu</i> -group above). Male with impressive bulky embolus base (EB) and embolus (E) (Figs 10a–c) apically on tegulum (T), both with several ridges. E directed retrolaterally.</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> </p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 4.9, carapace width 3.1, anterior width of carapace 1.6, opisthosoma length 7.5, opisthosoma width 2.3. Eyes: AME 0.29, ALE 0.34, PME 0.35, PLE 0.34, AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.21, PME–PLE 0.26, AME–PME 0.42, ALE–PLE 0.36, clypeus height at AME 0.71, clypeus height at ALE 0.50.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 5.8 [2.1, 1.0, 0.9, 1.8]; Legs: I 65.8 [17.0, 2.0, 17.7, 20.0, 9.1], II 47.5 [12.7, 1.8, 11.7, 14.2, 7.1], III 32.6 [9.0, 1.4, 8.0, 9.6, 4.6], IV 50.6 [13.7, 1.6, 11.8, 15.7, 7.8].</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 131, 110{000}, 1101{0000}; legs: femur I 667, II 666, III 656, IV 556; patella I–IV 000; tibia I 4048, II 3038, III 3136, IV 4146; metatarsus I–IV 3035.</p> <p> Palpal femur bulky —but less distinct than in <i>P. mulu</i> — and modified with a rather pointed ventral extension. Its tip slightly pointing distally (Fig. 10d). Palpal trochanter distally with 10–15 macrosetae (Fig. 10e). Palpal tibia short, distally broader than proximally and with retrolateral process. The latter with long bristles (Fig. 10b).</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for <i>mulu</i> -group). T shorter than in <i>P. mulu</i>, centrally with distinctly light area, which is surrounded by sperm duct (Figs 10b, 84f) and prolatero-distally with ‘corner’ (Figs 10b, 84f). Cymbium dorsally with very dense scopula, covering ca. 1/3 of cymbium.</p> <p> <b>Female: unknown.</b></p> <p> Colouration (see also description for <i>mulu</i> -group and <i>Psechrus</i>). Median bands on carapace serrated. Lateral bands medium-sized to broad (1.5x diameter of PME) and not serrated. Sternum yellowish brown posteriorly and at lateral margins and with light brown tapered patch centrally. These two sections are not easy to discriminate due to the small colour differences.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Indonesia [Southern Borneo] (Fig. 100).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> For the following reasons it is unlikely that the male holotype represents the conspecific male of <i>P. borneo</i>: 1) The type localities are ca. 700 km away from each other; 2) The females of <i>P. mulu</i> and <i>P. borneo</i> are similar. Consequently, for <i>P. borneo</i> I would anticipate a male that is similar to <i>P. mulu</i>. However, this does not apply to <i>P. ulcus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, as its bulb differs clearly from the one of <i>P. mulu</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), pp. 1-170 in Zootaxa 3379 (1)</i> on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6039832">http://zenodo.org/record/6039832</a>
Psechrus arcuatus Bayer 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Psechrus arcuatus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 20a–c, 87k, 90k</p> <p> <i>Psechrus singaporensis</i> — Simon 1899: 79, misidentified.</p> <p> <b>Type material:</b> <b>Holotype</b> ♀ (SB 333), <b>INDONESIA: Sumatra, Sumatera Barat Province:</b> Baso; E. Jacobson leg.; Coll. E. Reimoser; E. Reimoser det. <i>P. singaporensis</i>; NHMW 12˙386.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the anteriorly arcuated copulatory ducts in the holotype female (Latin “arcuatus” means “arcuated, curved”); adjective.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (see also diagnosis for <i>singaporensis</i> -group above). Females with rather complex median septum (MS) with anteriorly diverging margins (Fig. 20a). Vulva similar to that of <i>P. norops</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> in having spermathecal heads (SH) located upon receptacula. Distinguished by the very large copulatory ducts (CD) (ca. 4–5x longer than diameter of receptaculum, Fig. 20b).</p> <p> <b>Description. Male: unknown.</b> </p> <p> <b>Female</b> (Tarsi of both legs I, III and IV lost):</p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 5.6, carapace width 4.0, anterior width of carapace 2.3, opisthosoma length 9.2, opisthosoma width 5.3. Eyes: AME 0.32, ALE 0.42, PME 0.43, PLE 0.39, AME–AME 0.19, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME 0.30, PME–PLE 0.33, AME–PME 0.53, ALE–PLE 0.45, clypeus height at AME 0.88, clypeus height at ALE 0.62.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and five (left)/ four (right) retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 7.1 [2.4, 1.0, 1.3, 2.4]; Legs: I 35.0 (without tarsus) [11.0, 2.2, 11.3, 10.5, –], II 30.9 [8.7, 2.0, 8.0, 7.8, 4.4], III 18.7 (without tarsus) [6.4, 1.7, 5.1, 5.5, –], IV 28.0 (without tarsus) [9.3, 1.9, 8.3, 8.5, –].</p> <p>Palpal claw with 14 teeth.</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 161{141}, 110, 1101, 2007{1014}; legs: femur I 654, II 556, III 545, IV 555; patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3038, III 3136, IV 3134; metatarsus I–III 3035, IV 3034.</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of <i>singaporensis</i> -group). MS with two flat bulges posteriorly (Fig. 20a). Copulatory openings large, located underneath the diverging, anterior sections of MSmargins. Slit sense organs and epigynal muscle sigilla outside epigynal field (Fig. 20a). CD with characteristic arcuated anterior margin and ca. 3/4 winding until reaching receptaculum (Fig. 20b).</p> <p> Colouration (see also description for <i>singaporensis</i> -group and <i>Psechrus</i>). Median bands on carapace slightly serrated. Width of lateral bands ca. 1.4x diameter of PME and slightly serrated.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Simon (1899) examined juveniles and subadult females of <i>Psechrus</i> from Fort-de-Kock (today: INDONESIA: Sumatra: Sumatera Barat Prov.: Bukittinggi), which is only 8 km west of Baso, the type locality of <i>P. arcuatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> He identified them as <i>P. singaporensis</i> and stated that his determination was dubious. Unfortunately, it was not clear in Simon (1899) where the respective material had been deposited, hence it was not examined in the present study. Nevertheless, regarding the geographic situation, Simon (1899) most likely dealt with <i>P. arcuatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, instead of <i>P. singaporensis</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Indonesia [Sumatra] (Fig. 99).</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), pp. 1-170 in Zootaxa 3379 (1)</i> on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6039832">http://zenodo.org/record/6039832</a>
Candidella Bayer 1954
No full textGenus <i>Candidella</i> Bayer, 1954 <p> <i>Stenella</i> Gray, 1870: 48 (junior homonym). <i>Candidella</i> Bayer, 1954: 296.— Cairns & Bayer 2004b: 476 –477; 2009: 46, fig. 16H–N.—Cairns, 2009: 440; 2012: 37; 2016b: 102.</p> <p> <b>Type Species</b>. <i>Primnoa imbricata</i> Johnson, 1862, by monotypy.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. Colonies dichotomously branching or unbranched (flagelliform). Polyps arranged in whorls, individual polyps standing perpendicular to branch. Each polyp with four large marginal scales, forming a distinct cowl around operculum. Other body wall scales much smaller, occurring in 2–4 sub-terminal transverse tiers. Opercular scales have a prominent keel. Coenenchymal scales elliptical, with concave outer surface.</p> <p> <b>Discussion</b>. Four species are known in this deep-water genus, which has been reviewed by Cairns (2009) and Cairns & Bayer (2009).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Amphi-Atlantic, central Pacific from Hawaii to New Zealand, 1115–2211 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Cairns, Stephen D., 2018, Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia) of the Okeanos Explorer expeditions (CAPSTONE) to the central Pacific, pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 4532 (1)</i> on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4532.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2614967">http://zenodo.org/record/2614967</a>
Sclerobelemnon theseus Bayer 1959
No full text<i>Sclerobelemnon theseus</i> Bayer, 1959 <p>(Figure 48)</p> <p> <i>Sclerobelemnon theseus</i> Bayer, 1959b:33; Figs. 18–21; 1961:304; Fig. 98.— Bayer 1961:304; Fig. 98.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> SERTC S 2312, 79 m, off Charleston, South Carolina, April 23, 1977.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species has a club-like shape with the peduncle slightly longer than the rachis. The distal end of the peduncle is slightly pointed and not inflated to any extent. The examined specimen is about 7 mm at its widest point and 65 mm in length. The rachis contains some exsert autozooids but most are contracted, with minute, indistinct siphonoozooids scattered between polyps. The autozooids are arranged in 12 indistinct longitudinal rows, leaving a bare dorsal streak along the back of the colony. The axis is slightly flexible and the coenenchyme is tough and rubbery. The color of the colony is creamy white in alcohol.</p> <p> The autozooids contain sclerites in the form of plates that resemble double sided axe heads or plates with a medial constriction, reaching 0.3 mm in length. The ends of some plates have serrated or ridged edges. The rachis contains similar plates with a medial constriction and serrations, and the peduncle contains smaller plate-like bodies. This is the first record of this species in the SAB, although one specimen in the USNM from Cape Fear is identified as <i>Sclerobelemnon</i> sp. and was not examined for this work.</p> <p> <b>Atlantic distribution:</b> Charleston, 79 m, Gulf of Mexico (unknown depth), Surinam, Trinidad, 57 m (Bayer 1959b; Bayer 1961; Williams 1995; NMNH collections; SERTC collection).</p>Published as part of <i>Devictor, Susan T. & Morton, Steve L., 2010, Identification guide to the shallow water (0 - 200 m) octocorals of the South Atlantic Bight 2599, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 2599 (1)</i> on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2599.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10095192">http://zenodo.org/record/10095192</a>
Psechrus decollatus Bayer 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Psechrus decollatus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 14a–h, 84g, 87g, 90g</p> <p> <i>Psechrus torvus</i> — Simon 1906: 287 (Sub ‘ <i>Nota</i> ’: Record of a ♀ from Java, misidentified). Lehtinen 1967: 462, fig. 476 (Illustration of ♀, misidentified).</p> <p> <b>Type material:</b> <b>Holotype</b> ♀ (SB 501), <b>INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Timur Province:</b> Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, in surrounding area of Bromo Vulcano (‘ Mt. Tengger’); H. Fruhstorfer leg. 1891–1893; E. Simon det. <i>P. torvus</i>; P. Lehtinen vid.; Simon-Coll.-No. 15048; MNHN AR173. <b>Paratype</b> ♂ (SB 857, poor condition, opisthosoma lost), with same data as for holotype, except: H. Levi det. “fragments of <i>Psechrus</i> male, n. sp.?“ 1982; ZMB 19241.</p> <p> Additional material examined. <b>INDONESIA: Java, Jawa Timur Province:</b> Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, in surrounding area of Bromo Vulcano (‘ Mt. Tengger’); H. Fruhstorfer leg. 1891–1893; 1 juv. (SB 859, poor condition, opisthosoma lost), ZMB 19241.</p> <p> <b>Additional doubtful material examined.</b> In the same series like paratype and SB 859; 1 s.a. ♀ or ♀? (SB 858, poor condition, opisthosoma lost), ZMB 19241.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name refers to the vulva of this species, which lacks spermathecal heads (Latin “decollare” means “behead”); past participle passive.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (see also diagnosis for <i>annulatus</i> -group above). In males embolus (E) long (almost as long as tegulum [T]) and almost straight (in lateral view at most slightly S-curved) (Figs 14a–c), running along longitudinal axis of cymbium and arising prolaterally at embouls base (EB). Distal half of conductor (C) ca. 2x broader than basal one. Females similar to <i>P. annulatus</i> in basic shape of median septum (MS). Distinguished by the spermathecae lacking heads (SH), the relatively small copulatory ducts (CD) running mainly in dorso-ventral direction (Figs 14e,h) and the narrower MS.</p> <p> <b>Description. Male:</b> </p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 5.1, carapace width 3.4, anterior width of carapace 1.9, opisthosoma length—, opisthosoma width—. Eyes: AME 0.31, ALE 0.36, PME 0.35, PLE 0.36, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.06, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.28, AME–PME 0.46, ALE–PLE 0.34, clypeus height at AME 0.64, clypeus height at ALE 0.49.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four (five, right) retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 6.4 [2.3, 1.1, 0.9, 2.1]; Legs: I 53.9 [14.2, 2.3, 14.4, 15.0, 8.0], II 39.8 [10.8, 2.0, 10.2, 11.2, 5.6], III 27.3 [7.7, 1.6, 6.7, 7.4, 3.9], IV 42.3 [12.1, 1.8, 10.4, 11.7, 6.3].</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 141, 110{010}, 1101 (all palpal tibia spines very small); legs: femur I 565, II 555, III 545, IV 534; patella I–IV 000; tibia I 3038, II 4038, III 3034, IV 3036; metatarsus I 4035, II–IV 3035.</p> <p> Palpal femur slim, modified with a flat ventral bulge (Fig. 14d), distinctly flatter than e.g. in <i>Psechrus singaporensis</i>. Palpal tibia relatively short, distally broader than proximally (Figs 14a–c). MC-I–II and MT-I absent.</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description for <i>annulatus</i> -group). T slightly longer than broad. C in lateral view slightly curved (Figs 14a,c).</p> <p> <b>Female:</b></p> <p>Body and eye measurements. Carapace length 5.8, carapace width 4.0, anterior width of carapace 2.4, opisthosoma length 8.9, opisthosoma width 3.3. Eyes: AME 0.34, ALE 0.43, PME 0.43, PLE 0.42, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME 0.27, PME–PLE 0.34, AME–PME 0.49, ALE–PLE 0.47, clypeus height at AME 0.85, clypeus height at ALE 0.63.</p> <p>Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal and four (+ 1 very small tooth proximally with less than one third the size of the others) retromarginal teeth.</p> <p>Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp: 7.2 [2.4, 1.0, 1.4, 2.4]; Legs: I 39.6 [10.6, 2.3, 11.1, 9.9, 5.7], II 30.6 [8.6, 2.1, 7.9, 7.7, 4.3], III 21.7 [6.4, 1.7, 5.2, 5.3, 3.1], IV 32.4 [9.2, 2.0, 8.3, 8.3, 4.6].</p> <p>Palpal claw with 14 teeth.</p> <p>Spination. Palp: 141, 110, 1101, 1014; legs: femur I 536, II 546{556} III 555, IV 545; patella I–IV 000; tibia I–II 3035, III 3134 (dorsal spine very small), IV 3034; metatarsus I–IV 3035.</p> <p> Copulatory organ (see also diagnosis and general description of <i>annulatus</i> -group). Epigyne with peculiar, flattened field anterior to copulatory openings (CO) (asterisk in Fig. 14f). MS posteriorly just a bit broader than anteriorly (Fig. 14f). Epigynal muscle sigilla (EM) rather elongated. Slit sense organs and EM outside epigynal field. Spemathecae cross-oval and covering most parts of CD if vulva is viewed from dorsal (Fig. 14h). In frontal view course of CD becomes clear (Fig. 14e).</p> <p> Colouration of male and female (see also description for <i>annulatus</i> -group and <i>Psechrus</i>). Lateral bands broad (ca. 1.6x diameter PME) and slightly serrated.</p> <p> <b>Remark.</b> It is highly likely that the adult female (SB 501) originated from the same series as the specimens from ZMB, Berlin. Presumably already in the beginning of the 20 th century it had reached MNHN, Paris (possibly in exchange). The specimens, which remained in ZMB unfortunately got into poor condition over time (possibly during confusion of the World War[s]). All the specimens from ZMB 19241 are lacking their opisthosomas. I consider SB 859 to be a juvenile ♀ (younger than a subadult).</p> <p> Concerning SB 858, I assume that it is either an adult or a subadult ♀. However, I have major doubts if this specimen belongs to <i>P. decollatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> The colouration of carapace as well as sternum clearly differ from general pattern of <i>annulatus</i> -group. The tapered patch centrally on sternum is rather narrow. The lateral bands on carapace are very narrow (like in representatives of <i>sinensis</i> -group, see below). Apparently this specimen was added to the series 19241 at a later date, without any note.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Indonesia [Java] (Fig. 100).</p>Published as part of <i>Bayer, Steffen, 2012, The lace-sheet-weavers — a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus), pp. 1-170 in Zootaxa 3379 (1)</i> on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3379.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6039832">http://zenodo.org/record/6039832</a>
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