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Genotypic and phenotypic variability in Vernonia galamensis germplasm collected from eastern Ethiopia
No full textEthiopia is the centre of origin and diversity of Vernonia galamensis, which is a new potential industrial oilseed crop. Seeds of Vernonia are rich in vernolic acid, a naturally epoxidized fatty acid with unique chemical (epoxy) and physical (low viscosity) properties. Vernolic acid is a useful raw material for manufacturing paints and coatings. No effort has been made so far in Ethiopia or elsewhere to improve this plant. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in three contrasting agroclimatic zones (Alemaya, Harar and Babile) using eight accessions to assess the genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variation, to estimate broad sense heritability (h(2)B) and genetic advance (GA) as a per cent of the mean for 17 pheno-morphic and agronomic traits. Considering GCV, h(2)B and GA (as per cent of the mean) simultaneously as the best estimators of the amount of advance expected from selection, secondary head number (28.90, 0.90 and 56.60), secondary branch number (13.90, 0.67 and 51.97), and seed number per head (15.97, 0.72 and 27.92) gave the highest values at Alemaya, Harar and Babile, respectively. This shows that a satisfactory selection program for improvement of these characters is possible in V. galamensis var. ethiopica at each specific location
Genetic variability and interrelationship of traits in the industrial oil crop Vernonia galamensis
No full textVernonia galamensis is a wild plant from the family Asteraceae which is endemic to East Africa and has the potential to become a new oil crop for industrial uses. Its seed oil is rich in vernolic acid, a fatty acid of high interest for oleochemical applications. However, a breeding program for Vernonia galamensis cultivars with high seed and oil yields requires knowledge about the genetic variability of traits that influence seed and oil production. This study was undertaken to examine phenotypic and genotypic variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance under selection and interrelationships of agronomic and seed quality traits. A total of 122 Vernonia accessions, 115 collected from different regions of Ethiopia and seven introduced, were grown at two locations in Ethiopia (Alemaya and Babile), in 2001/2002 and were analyzed for 20 traits including phenology, yield, yield components, and seed quality with special emphasis on fatty acid composition. The collections exhibited significant variation for all traits except for days to emergence. Genotypes and locations interacted significantly (P ≤ 0.01) for all traits. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 11% (for days to emergence) up to 79% (for days to maturity). Expected genetic advance was between 1.3% (for days to emergence) and 44.8% (for seed oil yield). Genetic correlation analysis revealed that seed yield per plant is highly and positively correlated with seed weight and head number; highly significant and negative correlations (r = -0.59, -0.82, -0.85, and -0.89) were found between vernolic acid and palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid, respectively. Highly significant positive correlations (r = 0.55, 0.44, and 0.36) were observed between vernolic acid and oil content, meal protein content and seed oil yield, respectively. Path-coefficient analysis indicated seed weight and secondary head number to be the most important components of seed yield per plant. Vernolic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid had positive direct effects and stearic acid had a negative direct effect on oil content. The direct positive effect of oleic acid on oil content was, however, compensated by the negative indirect effects of stearic and vernolic acid resulting in a negative correlation (r = -0.60) between oleic acid and oil content. These observations will support the selection of accessions with high seed and oil yield, high meal protein contents, and high vernolic acid content
Natural outcrossing rate in Vernonia galamensis
No full textVernonia galamensis is a potential new industrial crop growing wild in Ethiopia. The seed oil is rich in vernolic acid, an epoxy fatty acid, which is of interest for oleochemical uses. Basic information on the reproductive system of Vernonia is still very limited. The amount of natural outcrossing was estimated at two locations in Ethiopia (Alemaya and Babile) using flower colour as a marker. Single plants with white flowers, which is a monogenic recessive trait, were planted in plots with normal pink flowers and the outcrossing rate was estimated from the frequency of pink-flowered plants in the progeny of the white-flowered plants. Estimates of the natural outcrossing rate ranged between individual plants from 3.5 to 16% at Alemaya and 2.5 to 12% at Babile. Vernonia galamensis can be classified as a mainly self-pollinated species
Exploration of Vernonia galamensis in Ethiopia, and variation in fatty acid composition of seed oil
No full textVernonia galamensis is a new potential industrial crop with very high content of vernolic acid in the seed oil. The species is known to naturally grow as a weed in fields or in woodlands under a wide range of agroecological conditions of Africa. In order to study the existing variability in Ethiopia, germplasm collection was carried out. Vernonia grows wild in various ecosystems. Ten regions were explored from North, South, East, Southeast, Southwest and Central Ethiopia. A diverse range of habitats having different altitudes and ecological conditions was explored. Altitude of collecting sites varied between 1250 and 2050 m, and soil pH from 5.1 to 8.5. The most common soil type was sandy loam, and the organic matter content varied from 0.2% to 12.9%. At 80 sites, about 480 accessions were collected including different maturity time, plant type, flower color, and branching patterns as well as fatty acid composition. The mean vernolic acid content of the seed oil of the accessions was 74%, and ranged from 34% to 87%. A wide variability in composition of other fatty acids was observed. It was not possible to find Vernonia in some locations that were earlier indicated by herbarium specimens collected since 1840. This could be a sign of change in land use system and environmental degradation and, hence, loss of genetic resources of the species
Agronomic evaluation of Vernonia galamensis germplasm collected from Eastern Ethiopia
No full textVernonia galamensis is a new potential industrial oilseed crop originated in eastern and southeastern parts of Ethiopia. Its unique properties make it economically and environmentally interesting. No effort has been made so far in Ethiopia to improve this crop. Therefore, an evaluation work for 17 yield and yield component traits was conducted at three contrasting agroclimatic zones. The considered traits showed significant differences at all locations except for the characters days to emergence and days to maturity. The best producing accessions in terms of yields of kg oil/ha (kg/ha of seed multiplied by oil%) for Alemaya were varieties collected at Bedeno, Chirro and Gelemso which produce 1627.45, 1593.46 and 1582.95 kg oil/ha, respectively. Accessions from Chirro (1194.75 kg oil/ha), Bedeno (1187.14 kg oil/ha), and Metta (1157.49 kg oil/ha) were superior at Harar, while Harar Zuria, Metta and Chirro which produce 274.48, 244.33 and 230.74 kg oil/ha, respectively, were superior at Babile. These materials could be used as parent materials to start breeding programs for each specific location. There was a wide range of variation between the minimum and maximum values of most characters. Thus even within the limited germplasm studied, selection for improved characteristics appears to be possible in V. galamensis var. ethiopica. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
germplasm by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy
No full textVernonia galamensis is a potential new industrial oilseed crop from the Asteraceae family. The interest in this species is due to the presence of a high vernolic acid content of its seed oil, which is useful in the oleochemical industry for paints and coatings. The development of a rapid, precise, robust, nondestructive, and economical method to evaluate quality components is of major interest to growers, processors, and breeders. NIR reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is routinely used for the prediction of quality traits in many crops. This study was conducted to establish a rapid analytical method for determining the quality of intact seeds of V. galamensis. A total of 114 Vernonia accessions were scanned to determine seed weight, FA composition, oil, and protein contents using NIRS. Conventional chemical analysis for FA composition, total oil, and protein contents were performed by GC, Soxhlet extraction, and the Dumas combustion method, respectively. Calibration equations were developed and tested through cross-validation. The coefficient of determination in cross-validation for FA ranged from 0.47 (linoleic acid) to 0.55 (vernolic acid), and for oil, protein, and seed weight from 0.71 (oil) to 0.86 (seed protein). It was concluded that NIRS calibration equations developed for seed weight and seed quality traits can be satisfactorily used as early screening methods in V. galamensis breeding programs
Genetic diversity in Vernonia galamensis, a potential new industrial crop for dry regions
No full textVernonia galamensis, a natural source of epoxy oil: variation in fatty acid composition of seed and leaf lipids
No full textVernonia galamensis is a new potential industrial oilseed crop with origin in East Africa. The seed oil has unique chemical and physical properties, that will permit its use in the formulation of reactive diluents, products to serve as solvents that become part of the dry paint surface and do not evaporate to pollute the air. A collection of 41 accessions was evaluated for seed and leaf fatty acid composition. In the seed, vernolic acid (C18:1 > 0) varied from 54 to 74%, and linoleic acid (C18:2) from 3 to 32%. In the leaf linolenic acid (C18:3) varied from 41 to 59%, palmitic (C16:0) from 12 to 22% and C18:4 from 8 to 17%. Correlation analysis between the seed fatty acids showed that vernolic acid is negatively correlated with C16:0, C18:0, C18:2, C18:3. In the leaf, negative correlations between C18:3 and the other leaf fatty acids were observed. C18:2 and C18:3 showed negative and positive correlations, respectively between the leaves and the seed. In general, there is a wide range of fatty acid composition specially vernolic and linolenic acids in the seed and in the leaf, respectively which might indicate the potential for oil quality improvement of V galamensis. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance Among Health Care Professionals in North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Mixed Method Study [Retraction]
Full text linkGirmaw F, Adane E, Kassaw AT, Ashagrie G, Baye T. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2023:593–606.
At the author’s request, we, the Editors and Publisher of ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, have retracted the following article.
Following publication, the authors contacted the journal to explain that the published article was derived from the MSc thesis of the second author, Ejigayehu Adane. However, the authors now acknowledge the remaining four authors had no formal contribution to the study or the manuscript which was provided for publication. In addition, the corresponding author is unable to provide a copy of the original MSc thesis of the second author.
To uphold the integrity of the research and adhere to ethical standards the authors requested to retract the article and we, the Editor and Publisher agreed with this decision.
We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and COPE guidelines.
The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”
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