101,984 research outputs found
Editorial: Interspecies Interactions: Effects on Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens
No full textLord Brudenell o della malinconia. Un ritratto di Batoni e una pagina di Corelli
No full textIl ritratto del giovane lord Brudenell, con lo spartito musicale aperto sulle battute finali della Sonata n. 6, op. 5, di Corelli, permette di ridefinire tipologie e dinamiche della ritrattistica di Pompeo Batoni, pittore protagonista del Settecento romano
Editorial: Immune Response to Biofilms
No full textBiofilms are one of the most widely distributed and successful form of microbial life and are associated to a significant amount of human infections (1). They typically contain aggregates of microorganisms adhering to a substrate and embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Importantly, biofilm-associated microorganisms exhibit an altered phenotype with respect to growth rate and gene transcription that provide them with unique characteristics as compared to their planktonic counterparts (2). These include the ability to resist antimicrobial treatments and host immune responses rendering biofilm-associated infections one of the major threats of the modern medicine. Despite the recognized clinical importance of biofilms, the vast majority of studies of the immune response against pathogens focuses on microorganisms in the planktonic state whereas the immune response against infectious biofilms has been far less investigated. There is evidence that the host immune response is only partially beneficial in clearing biofilm-associated infections if not even harmful by accelerating collateral tissue damage, as is seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated lung infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients (3). Therefore, it is critical to understand the complex interactions that establish between biofilms and the immune system as this may help in identifying new targets and strategies of immune intervention against biofilm-associated infections. We hope that this Research Topic may contribute to this purpose by collecting a number of papers (9 articles from 60 authors), exploring different aspects of the immune response to microbial biofilms
Antimicrobial activity of human hepcidin20 and 25 against clinically relevant bacterial strains: Effect of copper and pH
No full textLung-Directed Bacteriotherapy in Cystic Fibrosis: Could It Be an Option?
No full textDue to the alarming spread of bacterial resistance to conventional drugs, the sole use of antibiotics to fight lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) is not resolutive, and novel strategies to replace or complement the use of antibiotics are highly desirable. Among these strategies, the use of probiotics is emerging as a particularly attractive approach. Probiotic administration via the oral route has demonstrated an ability to improve lung function and to reduce infection and exacerbation rates in CF patients through mechanisms mainly attributable to the gut–lung axis. Nevertheless, some studies reported no beneficial effect of probiotic intake suggesting that there is margin for improvement of such innovative intervention in CF. The present review aims to address the rationale behind probiotic use in CF and discuss the hypothesis that nasal/aerosol administration of appropriate probiotic strains may help to exert a direct beneficial effect on the respiratory tract, increasing the effectiveness of probiotic interventions in CF patients
Intorno a Batoni. Ragioni di un convegno
No full textL. Barroero ha organizzato il convegno e curato gli Atti. Contributi di G. Fusari (Brescia), C. Parretti (Viterbo), S. Benedetti (Dublino), C. Hornsby (Londra), C. Mazzarelli (Mendrisio), M.B. Failla (Torino), A.M. Suarez Huerta (Madrid), J. L. Sedl (Cleveland), J. Collins (New York), M. Ingendaay (Firenze), M. Bezzini (Roma), R. Balzarotti (La Spezia), M.B. Guerrieri Borsoi (Roma), S. Rolfi ozvald (Roma), S. Rudolph (Firenze), P. Sannucci (Roma), M.Bonino (Lucca)
Monoclonal antibodies specific for a polysaccharide antigenic determinant of Streptococcus mutans (serotypes c,e,f)
No full textA fully automatic non-planar slicing algorithm for the additive manufacturing of complex geometries
No full textThe aim of this work is the implementation of a novel non-planar slicing algorithm, capable of combining traditional planar layers with non-planar ones. The geometry to be reconstructed will consist of an inner volume made of planar layers, and an outer shell made of non-planar layers. Both planar and non-planar layers are in turn constituted by an outer region, the shell, and an inner region, the infill. The outer non-planar shell guarantees an enhancement in the aesthetic properties and electro-mechanical behaviour of the printed objects, as well as a better adhesion when directly built onto a complex geometry. The algorithm was tested on three different three-dimensional models usable for aerospace, electronics, and biomedical applications showing robust results. An experimental validation was carried out by using a 5-axis robotic printer equipped with an extrusion-based printing unit. Different structures combining planar and non-planar paths were printed onto complex substrates, as well as into a bone defect that was completely regenerated following the proposed approach. The comparison between our method and the existing non-planar slicing methods revealed several advantages such as the capacity to generate both top and bottom non-planar surfaces, the possibility to manage complex concave/undercut structures, as well as the option to directly register the planned printing path on the receiving substrate in the working environment. To ensure proper and easy use, a graphical user interface was also created
Longitudinal study on the effect of oral hygiene measures on the salivary count of microbial species with cariogenic potential
No full textThe effect of oral hygiene education measures and professional tooth cleaning on the salivary levels of microbial species with high cariogenic potential (i.e. Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. and Candida albicans) was evaluated at different time points. At time 0, high salivary carriage rates were recorded in the study group (n=30). Fifty percent of the subjects harbored all three species in their saliva, 27% harbored 2 species, and 23% only one species. At 3 months after oral hygiene measures, a statistically significant reduction was observed in salivary count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. The percentage of subjects harboring all three species was also highly reduced, along with an overall improvement of clinical and risk factors parameters. At 8 months after oral hygiene measures, S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. load was still statistically lower than that recorded at time 0, although an increment in bacterial load and a partial worsening of clinical and risk factors parameters were observed. S. mutans count in saliva inversely correlated with salivary pH, while it positively correlated with C. albicans salivary levels. The results obtained suggest that strengthening of the motivation and administration of oral hygiene instructions and professional tooth cleaning every 6-8 months, might be necessary to control salivary levels of cariogenic species
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