1,721,162 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Potential Role of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a Mediator of Liver Injury and Fibrogenesis in Alcoholic Hepatitis
Full text linkBackground: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) associated with significant short-term mortality. Existing treatment therapies are not completely effective, highlighting the need to identify molecular drivers in AH. NGAL has recently been identified as one of the most overexpressed genes in patients with AH.
Aims: To investigate the role of NGAL as a potential target for therapy in AH using a translational approach including human samples and animal models.
Methods: NGAL expression was analyzed in patients with AH, animal models of liver inflammation and fibrogenesis, and cell lines of human hepatocytes. Fibrosis- and inflammation-marker genes were analyzed for expression in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cell lines treated with NGAL. RNA was extracted from all samples and gene expression of cDNA was measured using real-time qPCR analysis.
Results: Gene expression of NGAL in patients with AH had a 44-fold increase in comparison to several other liver diseases. Animal models of liver inflammation and fibrosis had increased NGAL expression. Although cell lines of human hepatocytes exhibited greater NGAL expression than HSC cell lines, there was no noticeable increase in NGAL expression with subsequent pro-inflammatory induction of hepatocyte cell lines. HSC cell lines showed increased expression of several markers of fibrosis and inflammation with NGAL treatment.
Conclusion: NGAL is overexpressed in patients with AH and in animal models of liver inflammation and fibrosis and it exerts fibrogenic and inflammatory effects in hepatic stellate cells. Results suggest that NGAL may be a potential target for therapy in AH. Further studies should be done to more fully explore the nature of NGAL overexpression in AH.Bachelor of Science in Public Healt
Evaluation of AKR1B10 and SORD mRNA Expression in in vivo and in vitro Models
Full text linkBackground: Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of alcoholic liver
disease. To identify targets that may be dysregulated in AH, AH patient tissue samples
were deep-sequenced, identifying that AKR1B10 is the most up-regulated and SORD is
down-regulated.
Aims: To use both in vivo and in vitro models to study the induction of AKR1B10 and
SORD mRNA in response to exposure to ethanol or signaling factors.
Methods: AKR1B10 and SORD mRNA expression were analyzed in patients with
various liver diseases, HepG2 cells, VL-17A cells, primary human hepatocytes, and
ethanol-fed mice. RNA was extracted from all samples and gene expression was both
measured and analyzed using real-time qPCR.
Results: AKR1B10 mRNA expression is inducible by EGF in HepG2 cells and primary
human hepatocytes. It is also up-regulated in the presence of ethanol in VL-17A cells.
SORD mRNA expression was not significantly changed in any of the in vitro models
studied, but is up regulated by ethanol exposure in the in vivo mouse model.
Conclusion: AKR1B10 mRNA induction by ethanol and EGF indicates that ethanol or
EGF signaling may play a role in the up-regulation of AKR1B10 in patients with AH. In
addition, due to the lack of significant changes in SORD mRNA expression in the in vitro
models studied, it is important to identify other signaling factors that may dysregulate
AKR1B10 or SORD expression, perform co-cultures, perform additional ethanol
exposure experiments, and measure sorbitol levels in patients with AH.Bachelor of Science in Public Healt
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Potential Role of aldo-keto Reductase Family 1, member B10 (AKR1B10) as a Molecular Target in Alcoholic Hepatitis
Full text linkBackground: Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH) is the most severe form of Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) and current therapies are not fully effective. Targeted therapies are urgently needed. AKR1B10 was recently shown to be overexpressed in patients with AH.
Objectives: To analyze the expression of AKR1B10, an aldose reductase, through a translational approach in order to better understand the potential for aldose reductase as a novel target of therapy in AH.
Methods: RNA was extracted from human tissue samples from patients with various liver diseases, animal models of fibrosis and alcoholic liver disease, and cultured Hepatic Stellate Cell (HSC) lines stimulated with proinflammatory, profibrogenic, and AKR1B10 treatments, and the samples were quantified using qPCR analysis.
Results: Human samples showed nearly a 100-fold increase of AKR1B10 expression in patients with AH. An animal model of liver fibrosis showed a small increase in Akr1b8 (AKR1B10 mouse analogue) expression. HSCs did not show any noticeable increase in expression of AKR1B10 regardless of treatment, and did not show any noticeable increase in expression of proinflammatory or profibrogenic genes when treated with AKR1B10.
Conclusion: The increased expression of AKR1B10 and its mouse analogue, while present in patients with AH and fibrotic mice, respectively, may not be mediated by HSCs. Further studies are needed to better understand location and nature of overexpression.Bachelor of Science in Public Healt
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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