60,655 research outputs found
The Basu measure as an indicator of conditional conservatism: Evidence from U.K. earnings components
No full textFollowing the work of Basu in 1997, the excess of the sensitivity of accounting earnings to negative share return over its sensitivity to positive share return (the Basu coefficient) has been interpreted as an indicator of conditional accounting conservatism. Although this interpretation is supported by substantial evidence that the Basu coefficient is associated with likely demands for conservatism, concerns have arisen that it may reflect factors not directly related to conservatism, and that this may adversely affect its validity as an indicator of that phenomenon. We argue that evidence on the validity of the Basu coefficient as an indicator of conditional conservatism can be obtained by disaggregating earnings into components, classifying those components by whether or not they are likely to be affected by conditional conservatism, and examining whether the Basu coefficient arises primarily from components likely to be affected by conditional conservatism. We implement this procedure for UK firms reporting under FRS 3: Reporting Financial Performance from 1992 to 2004. Although a substantial proportion of the Basu coefficient emanates from cash flow from operating and investing activities (CFOI), which cannot directly reflect accounting conservatism, its incidence across other components of earnings is predominantly within those components likely to be affected by conditional conservatism. Also, although the bias documented by Patatoukas and Thomas in 2009 is present in all of our aggregate earnings measures, it is heavily concentrated in the CFOI component of earnings and largely absent from components classified as likely to be affected by conditional conservatism. With the important caveat that researchers should test the robustness of their results to the exclusion of the element of the Basu coefficient due to cash flows, our findings are consistent with the conditional conservatism interpretation of the coefficient
Metrocoris sikkimensis Basu & Chandra & Venkatesan 2018, sp. nov.
No full textMetrocoris sikkimensis sp. nov. Type material examined: HOLOTYPE, apterous male (in 75% ethyl alcohol): INDIA, Sikkim, West Sikkim District, hill stream, Kaleg Khola, Pelling road, 27.2956°N, 88.2226°E, alt. 1841 m, 10 May 2016, coll: S. Basu. PARATYPES (in 75% ethyl alcohol):10 apterous males,10 apterous females: same data as holotype; 15 apterous males, 12 apterous females, West Sikkim District, Reshikhola River, Rinchenpong, 27.2441°N, 88.8735°E, alt. 1618 m, 9 May 2016, coll: S. Basu. 8 apterous males, 17 apterous females, INDIA: Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng District, Rupa river, near Rupa village, Bomdila, 27.20390°N, 92.39420°E, 4804ft, 9 October, 2017, coll: S. Basu; 4 apterous males, 4 apterous females, West Kameng District, Dublekha River, Jigaon, near Rupa village, Bomdila, 27.20840°N, 92.39965°E, 4780 ft, 9 October, 2017, coll: S. Basu; 5 males, 5 females, West Kameng District, Kameng River, Nagmandir, 27.28440°N, 92.82830°E, 1495 ft, 5 October, 2017, coll: S. Basu. Description. Apterous male (Figs. 2, 4–6, 7, 9, 10, 13–17). Size: Body length 5.37, body width across mesoacetabula 2.50. Colour: Dorsally black with bright yellowish orange markings. Interocular mark on posterior margin of head distinct, yellowish (Figs. 2, 5). Eyes black. Antenna black with yellow basally. Rostrum black with yellowish laterally. Pronotum with a pair of flattened ‘u’ shaped yellowish orange markings (Figs. 2, 5). Meso- and Metanota each with a pair of yellow markings (Figs. 2, 5). Pro-, meso-and metapleura with a longitudinal yellow stripe, discontinuous near posterior margin of pronotum. Mesosternum without yellow markings. Meso- and metacetabula each with a dorsal yellow mark. Fore, mid and hind coxae and trochanters yellow. Fore femur (Fig. 7) black, yellowish basally, dorsally and ventrally. Mid and hind femora, tibiae and tarsi black. Abdominal terga I–VII and proctiger black, tergum VIII black with yellow margins (Fig. 9). Abdominal laterotergites black, except yellow posterolateral angles of last segment. Venter black, except sterna VII–IX yellowish brown (Fig. 10). Structural characteristics: Head length 0.77, width excluding eyes 0.95, narrower than pronotum. Eyes 2.2 times longer than broad, length 0.62, width 0.28. Minimum interocular width 0.63. Length of antennal segments I– IV= 2.34, 0.73, 0.79, 0.63, first segment longer than combined length of segments II–IV, without spines or bristles. Rostrum reaching to mesothorax, length 1.26. Pronotum 2.8 times wider than long, length 0.47, width 1.35, slightly bulbous. Combined length and maximum width of meso- and metanota 2.26 and 1.77 respectively. Fore femur (Fig. 7) slender, fringed with short setae, slightly constricted apically and with one or two thin small setae basally, ratio of length/width 7.51 (2.33/0.31). Fore tibia and tarsus without modification, but covered with short setae. Pretarsal claws distinct, curved and sharp. Mid and hind trochanters lacking modifications. Abdominal terga densely covered by setae, combined length 2.03, maximum width at tergum V 1.48. Abdominal sterna II–VI with golden pubescence, sterna VII–VIII long, distinctly clothed with long dense golden setae (Fig. 10). For measurements of leg segments see Table 1. Genitalia: Abdominal sternum VIII (Figs. 10, 13) short with median inverted U-shaped excavation, blunt at apex, anterior margin emarginated at middle, length 0.79, width 0.65, covered by golden setae, density increasing laterally. Pygophore (Fig. 14) elongated, broadened medially, heavily setiferous, posterior margin almost straight. Proctiger (Fig. 15) elongated, with maximum width near middle, parts of lateral margins anterior and posterior to the protrusion are concave, laterally slightly protruded near middle, apex rounded, clothed with dense setae. Parameres (Figs. 13, 17) symmetrical, projecting laterally from genital segments, curved apically, without setae, apex slightly pointed; in few individuals, parameres not visible from above. Endosomal sclerites (Fig. 16) well developed; dorsal sclerite long, entirely covering the endosomal sheath and extended apically; lateral sclerite almost straight, relatively long; ventral sclerite long. Apterous female (Figs. 3, 8, 11, 12). Size: Body length ranges from 5.10–5.39 (n=48), maximum width across mesoacetabula ranges from 2.56–2.62 (n= 48). Colour: Colour pattern similar to that of male, except yellowish marks much wider and more prominent. Structural characteristics: Head length 0.74, width (without eyes) 0.89. Length of antennal segments I–IV: 2.18, 0.79, 0.77, 0.69. Eye length 0.64, width 0.37. Minimum interocular width 0.70.Length of rostrum 1.26. Pronotum wider than long, length 0.46, width 1.51. Combined length of meso- and metanota 2.26, maximum width 2.35. Fore femur (Fig. 8) length/width ratio 8.4 (2.45/0.29), without modifications; pretarsi with sharp curved claws. Hind trochanter apically with fringe of setae. Abdominal sterna length 1.36, maximum widths 1.59 at sternum V. For measurements of leg segments see Table 2. Abdominal sternum VII (Fig. 12) more or less oval, constricted laterally, with small lobe, covered by short golden pubescence, length 0.65, width 1.09, posterior margin straight. Macropterous forms: Unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet ‘sikkimensis’ derives from its place of origin, the northeastern state of Sikkim. Discussion. The newly described species belongs to the compar group and can be easily distinguished from congeners by the entirely black venter lacking yellow markings on the meso- and metasterna (Fig. 4); the distinctive shape of male paramere (Fig. 17), which is almost straight in the middle with the apex slightly pointed and without projections; the structure of male endosomal sclerites (Fig. 16) and the male proctiger (Fig. 15); and by the female terminalia, which are ventrally more or less oval, with a small lobe and covered by golden pubescence (Fig. 12). Recently, Basu et al. (2016) reported a total of 20 species of Metrocoris from India, with a key to all known Indian species. Hence, Metrocoris sikkimensis sp. nov. is the 21 st species described from the country. Within the Metrocoris compar group, M. sikkimensis sp. nov. is closely related to M. hirtus Chen & Nieser, 1993 from China, but differs from the latter as follows. In M. hirtus, surface of the male paramere has a small projection pointing forward and the apex is blunt, whereas in M. sikkimensis sp. nov. the paramere is slightly curved apically and the apex is more or less pointed, without projections or setae. Furthermore, the male pygphore is subovate in M. hirtus, but in M. sikkimensis it is elongated and heavily setiferous and the posterior margin of male pygophore almost straight. Additionally, the male forefemur is slightly constricted apically and has one or two thin short setae basally at the ventral surface in M. sikkimensis, whereas there is no apical constriction or thin basal setae in M. hirtus. Metrocoris sikkimensis is also similar to M. nepalensis, but can be separated from the latter by the following characteristics: In M. nepalensis, the male paramere bears a small projection pointing dorsally, and by the endosoma with a small accessory apical sclerite, indistinct lateral sclerite, and long ventral sclerite. In contrast, M. sikkimensis does not have a projection on the male paramere, an accessory apical endosomal scleriteis absent, the lateral sclerite is distinct and extends upto the proximal portion of the dorsal sclerite, and the ventral sclerite is long, slender and extends forward.Published as part of Basu, Srimoyee, Chandra, Kailash & Venkatesan, Thiruvengadam, 2018, Metrocoris sikkimensis sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from northeastern India, with a key to species of the compar group occurring in India, pp. 369-374 in Zootaxa 4471 (2) on pages 370-374, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4471.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/143978
Induction of microsomal membrane proteins in roots of an aluminum-resistant cultivar of Triticum aestivum L. under conditions of aluminum stress
No full textThree-day-old seedlings of an Al-sensitive (Neepawa) and an Al-resistant (PT741) cultivar of Triticum aestivum were subjected to Al concentrations ranging from a to 100 mu M for 72 h. At 25 mu M Al, growth of roots was inhibited by 57% in the Al-sensitive cultivar, whereas root growth in the Al-resistant cultivar was unaffected. A concentration of 100 mu M Al was required to inhibit root growth of the Al-resistant cultivar by 50% and resulted in almost total inhibition of root growth in the sensitive cultivar. Cytoplasmic and microsomal membrane fractions were isolated from root tips (first 5 mm) and the adjacent 2-cm region of roots of both cultivars. When root cytoplasmic proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, no changes in polypeptide patterns were observed in response to Al stress. Analysis of microsomal membrane proteins revealed a band with an apparent molecular mass of 51 kD, which showed significant accumulation in the resistant cultivar following Al exposure. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed that this band comprises two polypeptides, each of which is induced by exposure to Al. The response of the 51-kD band to a variety of experimental conditions was characterized to determine whether its pattern of accumulation was consistent with a possible role in Al resistance. Accumulation was significantly greater in root tips when compared to the rest of the root. When seedlings were subjected to At concentrations ranging from 0 to 150 mu M, the proteins were evident at 25 mu M and were fully accumulated at 100 mu M. Time-course studies from 0 to 96 h indicated that full accumulation of the 51-kD band occurred within 24 h of initiation of AI stress. With subsequent removal of stress, the polypeptides gradually disappeared and were no longer visible after 72 h. When protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, the 51-kD band disappeared even when seedlings were maintained in Al-containing media. Other metals, including Cu, Zn, and Mn, failed to induce this band, and Cd and Ni resulted in its partial accumulation. These results indicate that synthesis of the 51-kD microsomal membrane proteins is specifically induced and maintained during Al stress in the Al-resistant cultivar, PT741
A Dynamic Subfilter-scale Stress Model for Large Eddy Simulations Based on Physical Flow Scales
No full textWe propose a new definition of the length scale in an eddy-viscosity model for large-eddy simulations (LES). This formulation extends and generalizes a previous proposal [Piomelli, Rouhi and Geurts, Proc. ETMM10, 2014], in which the LES length scale was expressed in terms of the integral length-scale of turbulence determined by the flow characteristics and explicitly decoupled from the simulation grid; this approach was named Integral Length-Scale Approximation (ILSA). As in the original ILSA, the model coefficient was determined by the user, and required to maintain a desired contribution of the unresolved, subfilter scales (SFS) to the global transport. We propose a local formulation (local ILSA) in which the model coefficient is local in space, allowing a precise control over SFS activity as a function of location. This new formulation preserves the properties of the global model; application to channel flow and backward-facing step verifies its features and accuracy
Large-eddy simulation of a separated flow with a sub-filter scale model based on the integral length-scale
No full textA new sub-filter scale model for large-eddy simulations, which uses a length-scale proportional to the integral scale of the turbulence instead of the grid resolution to parametrize the modelled stresses, will be assessed in the prediction of the flow of a boundary-layer over a rough surface, which includes separation and reattachment
Near Wall PIV-Measurements on the Windward Slope of a Hill
No full textThe turbulent flow over periodic hills was measured near to the wall, using planar Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV) at high spatial resolution. Our focus is on the near wall turbulence structure on the windward slope of the hill. For large-eddy simulation (LES) we suspect that, if this was not predicted accurately, it affects the prediction of the velocity profiles over the hill crest which in turn will affect the recirculation length downstream of the hill. Regarding the time averaged velocities, we were able to resolve the linear viscous region of the boundary layer. The velocity distribution and also the Reynolds stress does not comply with the law of the wall as it is valid for a turbulent boundary layer at equilibrium
Energy dissipation and flux laws for unsteady turbulence
No full textDirect Numerical Simulations of spatially periodic unsteady turbulence show that the high Reynolds number scalings of the instantaneous energy dissipation rate and interscale energy flux at intermediate wavenumbers are qualitatively different from the well-known cornerstone scalings of equilibrium turbulence where and are time-dependent rms velocity and integral length-scales. Instead, they both scale as where and are length and velocity scales characterizing initial/overall unsteady turbulence conditions
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent Couette-Poiseuille flow with zero skin friction
No full textThe near-wall scaling of mean velocity U(y) is addressed for the case of zero skin friction on one wall of a fully turbulent channel flow. The present DNS results can be added to the evidence in support of the conjecture that U is proportional to √yw in the region just above the wall at which the mean shear dU/dy = 0
Real-space Manifestations of Bottlenecks in Turbulence Spectra
No full textAn energy-spectrum bottleneck, a bump in the turbulence spectrum between the inertial and dissipation ranges, is shown to occur in the non-turbulent, one-dimensional, hyperviscous Burgers equation and found to be the Fourier-space signature of oscillations in the real-space velocity, which are explained by boundary-layer-expansion techniques. Pseudospectral simulations are used to show that such oscillations occur in velocity correlation functions in one- and three-dimensional hyperviscous hydrodynamical equations that display genuine turbulence
Braid Entropy of Faraday Waves driven 2D Turbulence
No full textWe report new experimental results that use tools from braid theory to characterize two-dimensional turbulent flows driven by Faraday waves. The average topological length of the material fluid lines is found to grow exponentially with time. It allows us to compute the braid’s topological entropy SBraid. We show that SBraid increases as the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy E ~ u^2, where u^2 is the horizontal velocity variance . At long times, the PDFs of Lbraid are positively skewed and present strong exponential tails
- …
