54 research outputs found
Theoretical and empirical investigation into property rights formation: case study ; the southern Ontario Ojibway
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to test Umbeck's theory of the formation and initial distribution of property rights. Based on Umbeck's theory, a modei that describes the process of distribution of property rights to fisheries among competing fishermen is developed. The implications of the model were (1) wealth is distributed equally only when the competing parties are equal in their ability to use force. (2) the most forceful party or individual will receive more wealth than those who are relatively weak. The case study of the settlement of the Ontario Peninsula is an empirical test to the model's second implication. The variance of force between the competing parties, over land and fisheries, provided a test to the correlation between force and distribution of ownership rights. The significance of the loss of the Ojibway fishing rights in the Bruce Peninsula reinforces Umbeck's theory of force
Kyste nasopalatin associé à une dent surnuméraire incluse : à propos d’un cas
No full textDans la classification de l’OMS de 1992, le kyste naso-palatin fait partie des kystes malformatifs non odontogènes
des maxillaires. Il représente la variété la plus fréquente de ces kystes. Son étiopathogénie est incertaine.
Son diagnostic positif repose sur des signes cliniques habituellement discrets et sur des signes
radiographiques le plus souvent révélateurs du kyste qui se traduit par une image radiotransparente en forme
de coeur de carte à jouer, et parfois par une divergence des racines des incisives centrales. Le diagnostic est
confirmé par l’examen histopathologique. La difficulté soulevée par le cas rapporté est celle du diagnostic différentiel
à partir des seules données cliniques et radiographiques, soulignant ainsi l’intérêt de l’examen histopathologique.
(Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2005; 11: 31-37)
Utilisation péri-opératoire des corticoïdes en chirurgie buccale
No full textEn chirurgie buccale, les interventions sont très fréquemment associées à un processus
inflammatoire postopératoire plus ou moins intense et invalidant, incluant douleur, oedème
et trismus.
Le contrôle de ce processus passe principalement par la prescription de molécules
anti-inflammatoires, parmi elles les anti-inflammatoires stéroïdiens ou corticoïdes.
Les corticoïdes sont des substances qui permettent à la fois d’atténuer les conséquences
fonctionnelles, esthétiques et douloureuses pour le moins fâcheuses de la chirurgie, mais
ils peuvent présenter de nombreux effets délétères, surtout lors de l’utilisation à long
terme, limitant leur utilisation.
Plusieurs études récentes ont montré la sécurité et l’efficacité de l’utilisation à court
terme des glucocorticoïdes en chirurgie buccale, notamment dans certaines situations
cliniques telles que les dents incluses, les extractions multiples, les vestibuloplasties,
les résections d’os, et d’autres cas similaires. Ces études ont également permis de mieux
comprendre leur mode d’action et de proposer une attitude cohérente pour leur prescription
en chirurgie buccale
Neurofibromatose type 1 avec un neurofibrome lingual
No full textLa maladie de Von Recklinghausen ou neurofibromatose de type 1 (NF1) est une maladie héréditaire fréquente, à transmission autosomique dominante; 50 % des cas environ sont dus à la forme sporadique (mutations de novo). Les manifestations les plus fréquentes sont cutanées (tâches café au lait) et neurologiques (neurofibromes cutanés), mais des manifestations buccales peuvent également être observées.
Certaines manifestations présentent parfois une transformation maligne. Ceci exige un suivi à long terme de ces manifestations, et une prise en charge impliquant souvent l’intervention de différents spécialistes dont le médecin-dentiste qui devra connaitre l’attitude thérapeutique face aux patients présentant ce syndrome.
Un cas d’un neurofibrome siégeant sur la face ventrale de la langue chez un patient âgé de 55 ans, atteint de la maladie de Von Recklinghausen, est présenté
ENDOCARDITIS PROPHYLAXIS IN DENTAL PRACTICE: EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG DENTISTS, AND CARDIOLOGISTS
No full textBackground: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare condition that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Almost 100 years ago, the links between endocarditis and procedures, particularly dental procedures, were postulated. Over 50 years ago the first guidelines recommending antibiotic prophylaxis (AP), with the aim of preventing IE from developing after dental procedures, were proposed.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the degree of knowledge about endocarditis prophylaxis (EP) among cardiologists, and dentists, and to identify the areas of knowledge that require attention
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 43 cardiologists and 87 dentists in the city of Rabat. Respondents completed a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge of EP after signing their informed consent. Data were examined through analysis of variance using the chi-squared test (X²) and Fishers exact test to test the significance of the differences between proportions.
Findings: 53.5% of cardiologists report following the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) against 62.1% of dentists refer to the French Agency for Health Product Safety (FAHPS), 27.9% of cardiologists are aware of cardiac conditions with a high risk of IE compared to 75.9% of dentists. 2.3% of cardiologists are aware of invasive oral procedures against 54% for dentists. 69% of cardiologists and 70% of dentists have a correct antibiotic prophylaxis prescription regime. 4.7% of cardiologists and 24.1% of dentists know the meaning of spontaneous bacteremia.
Conclusion : Both groups had inadequate knowledge of dental procedures. Dentists showed a greater knowledge of heart disease requiring prophylaxis in dental practice. It is thus necessary to reinforce EP knowledge in undergraduate and postgraduate programs and to encourage dentists and cardiologists to keep up-to-date on this issue
Knowledge of Moroccan Dentists Towards the Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis
No full textBackground: The involvement of oral bacterias in the occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) has prompted the adoption of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures for patients at high risk. This paper aimed to assess the knowledge of Moroccan dentists regarding the management of patients with heart disease at risk of infective endocarditis.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that targeted 200 dentists in Rabat, Morocco. A questionnaire with 16 questions was distributed randomly. The level of dentists' level of knowledge was established based on the number of correct answers for each section and responses were assessed according to the American Heart Association (AHA) 2007 guidelines.Results: Only 133 practitioners have agreed to participate in our study with a response rate of 66,5%. 87% of dentists reported contacting the cardiologist before starting treatment, 33% of practitioners weren’t aware of any guidelines and 20% knew AHA 2007, 52% reported not following guidelines in the management of patients with heart disease. Among the cardiac conditions and dental procedures proposed in the questionnaire which required prophylaxis; 8% and 2% respectively chose the correct answer according to the AHA’s 2007 guidelines. 31% of dentists answered correctly on the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis protocol according to the latest recommendations.Conclusion: According to our results, the knowledge of Moroccan private general dentists towards endocarditis prophylaxis was at a low level. The study highlights the need for continuous education
Targeting binge eating in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder using inhibitory control training and implementation intentions: A feasibility trial
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this recordBackground. This trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effect sizes of clinical
outcomes of an intervention that combines inhibitory control training (ICT) and
implementation intentions (if-then planning) to target binge eating and eating disorder
psychopathology.
Methods. Seventy-eight adult participants with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder
were randomly allocated to receive food-specific, or general, ICT and if-then planning for
four weeks.
Results. Recruitment and retention rates at four weeks (97.5% and 79.5%, respectively) met
the pre-set cut-offs. The pre-set adherence to the intervention was met for the ICT sessions
(84.6%), but not for if-then planning (53.4%). Binge eating frequency and eating disorder
psychopathology decreased in both intervention groups at post-intervention (four weeks) and
follow-up (eight weeks), with moderate to large effect sizes. There was a tendency for greater
reductions in binge eating frequency and eating disorders psychopathology (i.e. larger effect
sizes) in the food-specific intervention group. Across both groups, ICT and if-then planning
were associated with small-to-moderate reductions in high energy-dense food valuation
(post-intervention), food approach (post-intervention and follow-up), anxiety (follow-up),
and depression (follow-up). Participants indicated that both interventions were acceptable.
Conclusions. The study findings reveal that combined ICT and if-then planning is associated
with reductions in binge eating frequency and eating disorder psychopathology, and that the
feasibility of ICT is promising, while improvements to if-then planning condition may be
needed.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR
La maladie de Rendu-Osler : manifestations bucco-faciales et attitude thérapeutique en odontologie
No full textLa maladie de Rendu-Osler est une affection vasculaire héréditaire rare. A travers cet article, les auteurs rappellent
les manifestations bucco-faciales de cette affection, qui lorsqu’elles sont associées à d’autres signes
cliniques, sont suffisamment caractéristiques pour permettre à l’odontologiste d’évoquer le diagnostic. La
prise en charge bucco-dentaire des patients atteints de cette affection requiert des précautions particulières
parce qu’il existe deux risques importants : un risque hémorragique et un risque infectieux (Med Buccale Chir
Buccale 2006 ; 12 : 213-219)
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