166 research outputs found
Bassem Youssef, Mon Qatar chéri et l'utopie arabe
No full textY a-t-il toujours un « rêve arabe » ? La question est posée par Bassem Youssef, une des voix les plus incisives du monde arabe d'aujourd'hui, l'équivalent égyptien du comique nord-américain Jon Stewart. Dans un contexte très différent naturellement, le succès de cet ancien chirurgien cardiaque ne peut manquer de faire penser aux remous provoqués sur la scène politique par des personnalités comme Coluche en France ou Beppe Grillo en Italie. De plus en plus en effet, les interventions de cet an..
Les transitions démographiques des Musulmans en Europe orientale
No full textCourbage Youssef. - Demographic Transition among Muslims in Eastern Europe The Muslim population of Eastern Europe consist mainly of autochthonous converts, or remnants of former Turkish communities. Except in Yugoslavia, it is difficult to arrive at a precise estimate of their numbers. In this paper, the author has used old data in an attempt to piece together Muslim population trends, at the cost of having to make do with some approximations. The changes introduced by socialist regimes have not resulted in the elimination of demographic differentials, particularly those associated with religion. Demographic transition appears to have occurred earlier among European Muslims than among their co-religionists in other parts of the world. However, in all European Muslim communities birth rates appear to be higher than those of their Christian neighbours, though to a varying extent. Are these differentials a direct result of the pronatalism of Islam, or are they rather an effect of the social, economic, and cultural backwardness that characterizes European Muslims ? An alternative interpretation of the figures in their historical context suggested that the higher birth rates of Muslims may be the reaction of a minority population which feels threatened by the majority, and which is reactant to adopt its cultural values.Courbage Youssef. - Les transitions démographiques des musulmans en Europe orientale. Autochtones convertis ou vestiges des communautés turques, les musulmans de l'Europe orientale échappent à une quantification précise, sauf en Yougoslavie. Pourtant s'ap- puyant sur les données anciennes et au prix de quelques approximations, une reconstitution de leur transition démographique a été tentée. Elle révèle un paysage très contrasté. Les transformations socialistes n'ont pas supprimé la différence démographique, celle qui découle de l'appartenance religieuse en particulier. La transition démographique des musulmans d'Europe orientale s'avère franchement plus précoce que celle des musulmans des autres régions du monde. Mais les musulmans témoignent tous, quoique à des degrés divers, d'une vigueur démographique supérieure à celle de leurs compatriotes chrétiens. Faut-il y voir le poids de la religion musulmane, favorable au natalisme, ou l'effet du retard social, économique et culturel accumulé par les musulmans européens ? Cependant une autre lecture des chiffres, éclairée par l'histoire, suggère que leur fécondité reflète davantage une réaction de minoritaires menacés et d'une réticence à s'intégrer aux valeurs de la société dominante.Courbage Youssef. - Transición demográfica de los musulmanes en Europa Oriental Autóctonos convertidos о vestigios de comunidades turcas, la cuantificación de los musulmanes de Europa Oriental, a excepción de Yugoslavia, es dificil de precisarla. Sin embargo, basándose en datos antiguos y con ayuda de algunas aproximaciones, se ha trata- do de realizar una reconstitución de su transición demográfica. Esta, présenta un contraste diversificado. Las transformaciones socialistas no suprimieron la diferencia demográfica, en particular la que se desprende de la identidad religiosa. La transición demográfica de los musulmanes de Europa Oriental se présenta más precóz que la de los musulmanes de otras regiones del mundo. Pero, todos los musulmanes presentan, aunque a diverses nivelés, un vigor demográfico superior al de sus compatriotas cristianos, . i Habria que considerar el peso de la religion musulmana, favorable al natalismo, consecuencia del retardo social, eco- nómico y cultural acumulado por los musulmanes europeos ? No obstante, una lectura dife- rente de las cifras, esclarecida por la historia, sugiere que su fecundidad es sobretodo la consecuencia de una reacción de minorias amenazadas y una reticencia a integrarse a los valores de una sociedad dominante.Courbage Youssef. Les transitions démographiques des Musulmans en Europe orientale. In: Population, 46ᵉ année, n°3, 1991. pp. 651-677
Wide Tangent Photon Field Versus Electron Field in the Treatment of Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes in Patients With Left Breast Cancer: A Decision-Making Flowchart
No full textPurpose: This study of internal mammary lymph node chain (IMC) irradiation in patients with left breast cancer aimed at comparing the merits of using, on one hand, a dedicated direct IMC electron field versus a wide tangent photon field covering both breast and IMC on the other. The objective was to produce guidelines allowing clinicians to readily determine the preferred method for each patient. Methods and Materials: For 19 patients with cancer of the left breast/chest wall, we produced 2 treatment plans each using a different technique: the electron technique using 2 standard opposed photon tangents covering only the breast or chest wall along with a matching adjacent electron field targeting the IMC only or the wide tangent technique using 2 opposed wide tangents covering simultaneously IMC and breast or chest wall. All plans were then optimized for acceptable target coverage. Results: For patients where the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was located outside of the wide tangent fields (13 patients), the wide tangent technique resulted in lower dose to the LAD, left lung, and heart. When the LAD was inside the wide tangents (6 patients), dose was lower with the electron technique for LAD and heart. In all cases, regardless of LAD location, the wide tangent technique returned strictly superior dose homogeneity but much higher right (contralateral) breast dose. Conclusions: A flowchart was produced based on LAD location that allows the clinician to readily determine the preferred technique for each patient without having to perform and compare 2 treatment plans, thus saving valuable planning time. © 2023 The Author
Wages and unemployment in Poland : recent developments and policy issues
No full textThe authors review recent developments in wages, employment, and unemployment in Poland and discuss some of the main risks Poland faces in sustaining its stabilization effort. They find that: unemployment has increased dramatically with stabilization, but this increase cannot be said to reflect widespread economic adjustment and restructuring throughout the Polish economy; and wages showed a significant degree of downward flexibility - in real terms - at the beginning of the year, when firms faced a severe supply shock coupled with very tight credit. The wage policy still in force in Poland at the end of 1991 maintains a few undesirable features. The monthly indexation and the possibility of carrying forward the unused margins are among the policy's main drawbacks; another is the link between wages and profitability. The current wage policy could be replaced by a generalized agreement on the wage path, with synchronized six-month contracts. The wage path should be related to expected inflation and economywide productivity. This scheme would also have the advantage of being based on a consensual agreement instead of being perceived as being imposed as a punitive tax.Youth and Governance,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies
Visual Object Detection Using General Gaussian in Active Region Model
No full text@inproceedings{CI-ZINBI-2004, author = {Zinbi, Y. and Chahir, Y. and Elmoataz A.}, title = {Visual Object Detection Using General Gaussian in Active Region Model}, booktitle = {SEE/IEEE Int. Conf. on Complex Systems, Intelligence and Modern Technology Applications (CSIMTA'04)}, year = {2004}, address = {Cherbourg, France}, month = {September} }International audienc
Extraction d'objets vidéo : une approche combinant les contours actifs et le flot optique
No full text@inproceedings{CN-ZINBI-2006, author = {Zinbi, Y. and Chahir, Y. and Elmoataz, A.}, title = {Extraction d'objets vidéo : une approche combinant les contours actifs et le flot optique}, booktitle = {Actes des sixièmes journées Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances (EGC'06)}, pages = {41-46}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Cépaduès-Éditions}, address = {Lille, France}, month = {janvier} }National audienc
Détection rapide et Suivi d'objets visuels par contour actif
No full text@inproceedings{CN-ZINBI-2005, author = {Zinbi, Y. and Chahir, Y. and Elmoataz, A.}, title = {Détection rapide et Suivi d'objets visuels par contour actif}, booktitle = {3ème Conférence Internationale: Sciences Electroniques, Technologies de l'Information et des Télécommunications}, year = {2005}, address = {Sousse, Tunisie}, month = {mars}, organization = {IEEE SETIT} }National audienc
Two-year follow-up of a thyroid cartilage metastasis from prostate cancer: A case report
No full textFew case reports describe metastatic prostate cancer to the thyroid cartilage. While earlier reports identified the metastatic lesions upon developing symptoms, more recent ones have detected them via prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET). Herein, we report the case of a patient with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer and a PSMA PET-detected lesion in the thyroid cartilage. Over the course of 2 years, he received multiple lines of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, and his overall disease status fluctuated — some nodal and bony metastases resolved while others appeared anew. His thyroid cartilage lesion, however, slowly progressed in a consistent fashion with increasing uptake on successive PSMA PET images. Apart from mild dysphonia, the patient remained to be asymptomatic from this lesion, and no local therapies were used. To our knowledge, this is the first close follow-up of prostate cancer metastatic to the thyroid cartilage, shedding light on the course of such lesions and helping answer management-related questions, which are particularly relevant as more occult metastases are discovered in the PSMA PET era
Coopération d'agents pour des services de recherche et de filtrage sur internet
No full text@inproceedings{INV-CHAHIR-2005, author = {Chahir, Y.}, title = {Coopération d'agents pour des services de recherche et de filtrage sur internet}, booktitle = {Congrès international en informatique appliquée (Ciia'05)}, pages = {}, year = {2005}, address = {Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algérie} }International audienc
On the risk of secondary cancer from thymoma radiotherapy
No full textAbstract
Objective. This study aims at quantifying the lifetime attributable risk of secondary fatal cancer (LARFAC) to patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy treatment for thymoma, a neoplasm where cure rates and life expectancy are relatively high, patient age at presentation relatively low and indications for radiotherapy controversial depending on the disease stage. Approach. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned, organs were contoured and a standard 6 MV 3DCRT treatment plan was produced for thymoma treatment. The phantom was loaded with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and treated by linear accelerator per plan. The TLDs were subsequently read for out-of-field dose distribution while in-field dose distribution was obtained from the planning system. Sex and age-specific lifetime radiogenic cancer risk was calculated as the sum of in-field risk and out-of-field risk. The latter risk was estimated using hybrid ICRP 2007 103-BEIR VII tables of organ-specific risks based on the linear-no threshold (LNT) model and applicable at low doses, while the former using mathematical risk models applicable at high doses. Main results. The LARFAC associated with a prescribed dose of 50 Gy to target volume in 25 fractions was in the approximate range of 1%–3%. The risk was higher for young and female patients. The largest contributing organ to this risk were the lungs by far. Using the LNT model inappropriately to calculate risk at therapeutic doses (in-field) would overestimate the risk up to tenfold. Significance. The LARFAC to patient from thymoma radiotherapy was quantified taking into consideration the inapplicability of the LNT model at therapeutic doses. The risk is not negligible; the information may be relevant to patients and clinicians.</jats:p
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