301 research outputs found
Acroterius Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. nov.
No full text<i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EEA7B37A-300B-43D9-87F3-82A380BC686D</p> Type species <p> <i>Acroterius brevis</i> gen. et sp. nov.</p> Diagnosis <p> <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. resembles <i>Diplostyla</i>; <i>Kaestneria</i> Wiehle, 1956; <i>Laetesia</i> Simon, 1908; <i>Laperousea</i> Dalmas, 1917 and <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> in: epigyne with parmula, originates from the posterior margin of posterior median plate with a socket ventrally (Fig. 8A–C; Ivie 1969: figs 105–108; van Helsdingen 1972: fig. 8; Millidge 1988: fig. 173; Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 5c–d, 6c–d; Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 1–2, 7, 9–10). In the male palp, the distal margin of the radix is semicircular and has teeth as in <i>Laetesia</i>, <i>Laperousea</i> and <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B; Millidge 1988: figs 145–146; Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4a–b, d, 5c–e, 6a–b); the embolus and embolic membrane arise from the dorsal side of the distal margin of the radix as in <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B; Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4a–b, d, 5c–e, 6a–b). It can be distinguished by the anterior wall of the epigyne which has a posterior projection on each side (Fig. 8A–B), but in species of <i>Laetesia</i>, the posterior arm of the anterior wall of the epigynal plate is long, with a copulatory opening on the posterior ventral end (Millidge 1988: figs 173, 187), and the posterior projection of the anterior wall absent in species of <i>Diplostyla</i>, <i>Kaestneria</i> and <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (van Helsdingen 1972: fig. 8; Millidge 1988: fig. 173; Irfan & Peng 2018: figs 5c–d, 6c–d; Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 1–2, 7, 9–10). The spermathecae are situated near the base of the parmula (Fig. 8A–B) in <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov., but towards the periphery of epigyne in species of <i>Kaestneria</i>, <i>Laetesia</i> and <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Millidge 1988: figs 187–189; Tao <i>et al</i>. 1995: figs 80–81; Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 1–2, 7, 9–10). The cymbium has a cymbial retrolateral lobe (Figs 6B–D, 7B) as in species of <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4b, 5b, g, 6b), but it is absent in <i>Kaestneria</i> and <i>Laetesia</i> (Millidge 1988: figs 143–144; Paquin & Dupérré 2003: figs 1544, 1547). The distal arm of the paracymbium of <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. has two or three projections and covers most of the proximal part of paracymbium (Figs 6B–C, 7B), the distal part of the paracymbium of all species of <i>Kaestneria</i> and <i>Laetesia</i> is simple U- or V-shaped and doesn’t cover the proximal part (Millidge 1988: figs 187–189; Paquin & Dupérré 2003: figs 1544, 1547) and there is a large, distal arm longer than wide, tip pendulum-shaped in species of <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4b, 5f, 6b). The distal end of the distal suprategular apophysis of <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. and <i>Kaestneria</i> is not notched (Figs 6B–C, 7B; Tao <i>et al</i>. 1995: figs 77–78) (but notched in species of <i>Laetesia</i>, Millidge 1988: fig. 146), and proximally broad with teeth, has a distal part strongly curved into an inversed U-shape, almost touching the distal margin of the paracymbium in species of <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4b, 5b, g, 6b). The tegulum of <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. has a small tegular projection ventrally (Figs 6B–C, 7B), which is absent in <i>Kaestneria</i> (Paquin & Dupérré 2003: figs 1544, 1547; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 47b, 49b) and <i>Laetesia</i> (Millidge 1988: fig. 146). The embolic division of <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. comprises a distal semicircular part of the radix with a serrated margin anteriorly; the embolus and embolic membrane arise from the terminal part of the radix (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B) as in species of <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4a–b, 5c–e, 6a–b); the embolus and median membrane arise from the lateral (inner) side of the plate in <i>Kaestneria</i> and <i>Laetesia</i> (Millidge 1988: figs 145, 149; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 47b, 49b) whereas in <i>Diplostyla</i> the embolus arises near the base of the cymbium and extends parallel along the full length of cymbium (Ivie 1969: figs 107–108). In <i>Acroterius</i> gen. nov. the proximal end of the radix has a radical apophysis (Figs 6A–C, 7A–B) as in species of <i>Zhezhoulinyphia</i> (Irfan <i>et al</i>. 2019: figs 4a–b, 5c–e, 6a–b), but it is absent in <i>Diplostyla</i>, <i>Kaestneria</i> and <i>Laetesia</i> (Ivie 1969: figs 107–108; Millidge 1988: figs 145, 149; Zhao & Li 2014: figs 47b, 49b).</p> Etymology <p>The generic name is an arbitrary combination of letters. Gender masculine.</p> Description <p>MEASUREMENTS. Large sized, male total length 2.66–3.61; female total length 2.66–4.15.</p> <p>HEAD. Cephalic region slightly elevated, yellowish to dark brown; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct; sternum longer than wide, green to yellowish to dark brown with spine-like hairs; labium wider than long, dark brown; maxillae long, distal end broader with scopulae. Eye region narrow, AER recurved, PER procurved slightly wider.</p> <p>LEGS. All legs with annuli; patella of each leg with two spines; chaetotaxy: 2–2–2–2; Tm I and Tm IV present.</p> <p>ABDOMEN. Oval, dorsally with pattern extending down to the base of spinnerets followed by irregular white patches dorso-laterally, and ventrally pale, greenish to brown with or without irregular white patches (Fig. 4A–B).</p> <p>MALE PALP (Figs 1, 3, 6, 7, 10–12, 15–16, 24, 26, 30–31). Patella shorter than tibia, dorsally with a long spine;tibia cone shaped, with two retrolateral trichobothria, with some short and long setae on all surfaces; paracymbium highly sclerotized, proximal part simple, somewhat rectangular, distal arm with two to three projections (characterized as lateral, median and ventral projections); cymbium with retrolateral lobe, covered with long thick spines; tegulum with small projection ventrally; distal suprategular apophysis long, basally covered by embolic division. Radix with distal broad semicircular serrated part giving rise to embolus and embolic membrane, at proximal end with small radical apophysis and dorsal projection of embolic plate; dorsal projection of embolic plate long, slightly overlapping cymbium; embolic membrane curved and approachnig distal semicircular part, in prolateral view; embolus stout, short with pointed end.</p> <p>EPIGYNE (Figs 8, 13, 17, 21A–D, 22, 27, 29A–D, 32, 34B–E, 36A–D, 37). Anterior wall of epigyne wider than long; posterior margin of anterior wall with a projection on each side; copulatory openings situated inside the atrium between the anterior wall and posterior median plate, connected with long, semicircular copulatory ducts joined to the spermathecae. Posterior median plate posteriorly with a parmula of variable length with a socket ventrally. Spermathecae slender, present near the posterior median plate. Fertilization ducts long, present laterally on the posterior median plate, extending mesally.</p> Distribution <p>China (Yunnan Province, Figs 38–39).</p>Published as part of <i>Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743</i> on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4664312">http://zenodo.org/record/4664312</a>
Acroterius absentus Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius absentus gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4E49A779-9374-40FB-B842-BEECDAD450A4 Figs 1–4, 38 Differential diagnosis The new species can be distinguished from all other species of Acroterius gen. nov. by the absence of radical apophysis (Figs 1A–C, 3A–B). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ absens ’, meaning ‘absent’, referring to the radical apophysis absent in male palp. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Nankang Yakou (National 320 Road); 24.43717° N, 98.46054° E; alt. 2186 m, 27 Oct. 2003; Guo Tang leg.; HNU-Tang031027. Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 3.61. Carapace 1.34 long, 1.14 wide, cephalothorax yellowish to light brown; clypeus 0.56 high (Fig. 4A–B); abdomen 2.27 long, 0.89 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.09, PLE 0.11, AME–AME 0.05, PME–PME 0.08, AME–ALE, 0.12, PME–PLE 0.11, ALE–ALE 0.54, PLE–PLE 0.61, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth, promargin with deep depression and with small teeth except proximal two long; proximal second tooth much longer and almost touching upper margin of fang, distal three teeth small (Fig. 2A–B). LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 7.48 (1.89, 2.48, 2.03, 1.08), II = 5.9 (1.83, 1.92, 1.32, 0.83), III = 4.11 (1.41, 1.16, 0.97, 0.57), IV = 5.52 (1.72, 1.69, 1.49, 0.62). Leg formula I–II–IV–III. PALP (Figs 1A–D, 3A–B). Paracymbium highly sclerotized, distal part with three projections (Figs 1B, 3B), lateral projection small, triangular; median projection broad, tongue-shaped and ventral projection thumb-like (Figs 1B, 3B); the distal suprategular apophysis robust with pointed end (Figs 1A–C, 3A–B); radical apophysis absent (Figs 1A–C, 3A–B). Embolus originating from distal serrated part of radix, stout, short with pointed end (Figs 1A–C, 3A–B). Female Unknown. Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 38).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on page 5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Acroterius longiprojectus Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius longiprojectus gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5E2F3303-07EE-4A75-9FE8-62EC8372BB8C Figs 34, 39 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Acroterius hamatus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 19A–D) in having long parmula in epigyne (Fig. 34B–E); it can be distinguished by: the posterior projection of the anterior wall of the epigynal plate longer than wide (Figs 34B–C), but wider than long in A. hamatus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 19A–B, 21A–B). In ventral view, the distal part of parmula is not expanded (Fig. 34B–C), but distinctly expanded in A. hamatus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 19A–B). The spermathecae are not curved (Fig. 34E), but the tip is curved, pointing towards the posterior margin of the epigyne in A. hamatus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 19D, 21D). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ longus ’ + ‘ projectus ’ meaning ‘long’ + ‘projection’, referring to the long posterior projection of the anterior wall of the epigynal plate in the epigyne. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♀; Yunnan Province, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, Yakou of old Shibali; 27.06430° N, 98.75123° E; alt. 3270 m; 13 Aug. 2005; Guo Tang leg.; HNU-Tang–05–06. Description Female (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 3.15. Carapace 1.33 long, 0.97 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, brown, dorsally with distinct pattern starting from base of posterior eyes extending to proximal part of cephalothorax; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct; clypeus 0.26 high (Fig. 34A);Abdomen 1.83 long, 1.48 wide (Fig. 34A). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.07 AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–ALE 0.42, PLE–PLE 0.45, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and six retromarginal teeth; reteromarginal teeth long and highly sclerotized. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 4.66 (1.14, 1.35, 1.2, 0.77), II = 3.78 (0.95, 1.2, 1.11, 0.52), III = 2.45 (0.84, 1.02, 1.11, 0.49), IV = 4.16 (1.17, 1.23, 1.11, 0.65). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. EPIGYNE. Parmula 0.49 long, 0.27 wide at base (Fig. 34B–C); posterior projection of anterior wall of epigynal plate longer than wide on either side (Fig. 34B–C). Spermathecae slender, long, almost touches lateral wall of epigyne on each side (Fig. 34E). Male Unknown. Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 39).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on page 44, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Yuelushannus Irfan & Zhou & Bashir & Mukhtar & Peng 2020, gen. nov.
No full textYuelushannus gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 18108D03-0826-4EF0-BB3A-E90031CFD461 Figs 1–11 Type species: Yuelushannus barbatus sp. nov. Etymology The genus is named after the type locality (Yuelu) of the type species. Gender masculine. Diagnosis Male abdomen with two pairs of sigellae and distinct scutum at anterior two third. (Figs 6 A–C, 7) as in Ceratinella Emerton, 1882 (Ono et al. 2009: figs 63–66).The new genus can be differentiated from other genera on the basis of the following characters. Male carapace modified, cephalic pits present, the ocular region with thick spines pointing away from each other. Male palp: distal end of tibia dorsally with two tongue-shaped apophyses, densely covered with teeth (Figs 6B, 7B); embolus simple, sclerotized, very long and thick (Figs 6 A–C, 7); anterior radical process as long as embolus, with distal frayed end (Figs 6 A–C, 7). Epigyne: dorsal plate with scapus (Figs 8–9) as in Paikiniana Eskov, 1992 (Zhao & Li 2014: figs 75a–c, 76c–d); copulatory ducts column-shaped; spemathecae present at lateral sides of dorsal plate (Figs 8–9). Description BODY. Small (1.75–1.9); male cephalic lobe and pits distinct, ocular area with thick spines; female palpal claw absent; AER slightly procurved, PER recurved; both male and female abdomen with four sigillae; tracheal system desmitracheate, with two trunks confined to abdomen. Chaetotaxy: 1–1–1–1. TmI 0.16– 0.25, TmIV 0.12–0.18; leg formula IV–I–II–III; legs yellow without obvious patterns. MALE PALP (Figs 1–2, 6–7). Patella as long as tibia; tibia with one retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothrium, dorsally with two tongue-shaped apophyses, densely covered with teeth; paracymbium hookshaped; tegulum with long transparent protegulum; distal suprategular apophysis sclerotized, distal end curved, extending forward. Embolic division: tail piece long, slightly overlapping suprategulum; embolic membrane transparent, tapered towards tip; embolus long arc-shaped, distally connected with thick sclerotized anterior radical process, as long as embolus extending forward. EPIGYNE (Figs 3–4, 8–9). Ventral plate concave, covered with thick spines; posterior margin of dorsal plate with scapus; copulatory openings between dorsal and ventral plate; copulatory ducts long, columnshaped; dorsolateral spermathecae separated by ¾ of their diameter; fertilization ducts small, extending mesally. Natural History Mainly lives under leaf litter layer of broad-leaved and shrubbery forest; breeding season from October through April; adapted to temperatures from 0°C to 39°C. Distribution China (Hunan Provice, Fig. 11).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Zhou, Gu-chun, Bashir, Shahida, Mukhtar, Muhammad Khalid & Peng, Xian-jin, 2020, Yuelushannus gen. nov. (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China, pp. 1-17 in European Journal of Taxonomy 642 on page 3, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.642, http://zenodo.org/record/381714
Acroterius hamatus Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius hamatus gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 754D348A-8F5C-47DA-9940-FDCEDD520F56 Figs 19–21, 38 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Acroterius brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8A–D) in having the posterior median plate extending posteriorly with a parmula, but can be distinguished by: in dorsal view, parmula two times the width of parmula base, with distal part distinctly expanded (Fig. 19D), slightly longer than the width of parmula base (Fig. 19A–D), but distal part not expanded in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. In lateral view, anterior wall of epigynal plate projection wider than long (Figs 19C, 21C), but longer than wide in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8C). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ hamatus ’, meaning ‘hook’ and referring to the hookshaped spermathecae in the epigyne. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♀; Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, Kongdang Village; 27.87961° N, 98.33878° E; alt. 1527 m; 25 Oct. 2004; Guo Tang leg.; HNU-Tang–04–04. Paratypes (5 ♀♀) CHINA – Yunnan Province, Gongshan County • 4 ♀♀; 77 km of new road to Donglongjiang; 27.91034° N, 98.41081° E; alt. 2183 m; 8–9 Nov. 2004; Guo Tang leg.; HNU-Tang–04–09 • 1 ♀; Dulongjiang Township, S/N of Dizhengdang Village along Silalong He; 28.07654° N, 98.32603° E; alt. 1890 m; 28 Oct. 2004; D.H. Kavanaugh leg.; HNU-DHK–2004–059. Description Female (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 3.43. Carapace 1.41 long, 1.17 wide, cephalothorax brown; clypeus 0.41 high (Fig. 20A–B); abdomen 2.01 long, 1.41 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PLE 0.08, ALE–ALE 0.49, PLE–PLE 0.53, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and six retromarginal teeth; reteromarginal teeth long and highly sclerotized protruding beyond fangs. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 5.39 (1.74, 1.40, 1.31, 0.94), II = 4.99 (1.42, 1.54, 1.17, 0.83), III = 3.95 (1.18, 1.25, 0.9, 0.62), IV = 4.94 (1.44, 1.53, 1.18, 0.79). Leg formula I–II–IV–III. EPIGYNE. Parmula 0.53 long, 0.28 wide at base (Fig. 19A–C); posterior margin of anterior wall of epigynal plate with projection wider than long on each side (Fig. 19A–B). Spermathecae slender, distal part slightly curved, pointing towards posterior margin of epigyne (Fig. 19D). VARIATION IN THE EPIGYNE (HNU-Tang–04–09, Fig. 21A–F). We noticed in the four out of five female paratypes that the epigynal parmulas are broken at the same point due to unknown reasons. All the other somatic and genitalic characters are found to be similar (Fig. 21A–D). Male Unknown. Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 38).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on pages 24-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Acroterius brevis Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius brevis gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F041D21F-15E7-4C22-895A-4AF2565105D4 Figs 5–9, 38 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles A. camur gen. et sp. nov. in distal arm of paracymbium with three projection (Figs 6B, 7B, 10B, 11B), but can be distinguished from A. camur gen. et sp. nov. and all other Acroterius gen. nov. species by the ventral view, radical apophysis triangular and reaches to base of embolus (Figs 6D, 7A), but thumb-shaped and extends above embolus in A. camur gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 10D 12A). Spermathecae L-shaped, present near posterior median plate (Fig. 8A–B), but hook-shaped and separated by one and half-length of spermathecae in A. camur gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 13A–B). Parmula 0.47 long (Fig. 8D), but 0.21 long in A. camur gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 13D). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ brevis ’ meaning ‘short’, referring to the short radical apophysis in male palp. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, Yaping Village, Shibali; 27.16515° N, 98.77975° E; alt. 2527 m; 1 May 2004; Guang-xu Peng leg.; HNU-20040501–1. Paratypes (2 ♀♀) CHINA • 1 ♀, same collection data as for holotype; HNU-20040501–2 • 1 ♀; Yunnan Province, Fugong County, Yaping, 3 km to Shibali; 27.1775° N, 98.7550° E; alt. 2527 m; 4 May 2004; Heng-mei Yan and Guang-xu Peng leg.; HNU-20040504. Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 2.66. Carapace 1.40 long, 1.14 wide, cephalothorax dark brown; clypeus 0.56 high (Fig. 9A–B); abdomen 2.03 long, 1.60 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.03, PME–PME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.45, PLE–PLE 0.49. CHELICERAE. With four promarginal and four retromarginal teeth; proximal teeth of reteromargin much longer than distal one. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 4.89 (1.63, 1.47, 1.16, 0.63), II = 3.74 (1.11, 1.31, 0.83, 0.49), III = 3.17 (0.88, 0.96, 0.82, 0.51), IV = 4.35 (1.26, 1.26, 1.17, 0.66). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. PALP (Figs 6A–D, 7A–B). Paracymbium highly sclerotized, distal arm with three projections; lateral projection large, curved, beak-shaped; median projection tongue-shaped; ventral projection sclerotized, thumb-shaped with blunt end, overlapping subtegulum (Figs 6B, 7B); distal suprategular apophysis long, robust with distal pointed end (in ventral view) (Figs 6B–D, 7B). Radix with small radical apophysis with pointed end (Figs 6A–D, 7A–B); radical apophysis somewhat triangular with blunt end (Figs 6A, 7A). Embolus stout, short with pointed end (Figs 6A–D, 7A–B). Female (HNU-20040501–2, Fig. 9C–D) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 2.97. Carapace 0.94 long, 0.83 wide, cephalothorax dark brown; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct; clypeus 0.27 high (Fig. 9C–D); abdomen 1.8 long, 1.05 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.06, PME–PME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.41, PLE–PLE 0.45, ALE–PLE contiguous. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 4.40 (1.23, 1.39, 1.03, 0.75), II = 3.92 (1.15, 1.28, 0.91, 0.58), III = 3.07 (0.94, 0.93, 0.71, 0.49), IV = 4.11 (1.13, 1.35, 0.96, 0.67). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. Tm I and Tm IV present. Patella of each leg with two spines. Tibial dorsal spine formula: 2–2–2–2. EPIGYNE. Parmula 0.47 long, 0.41 wide at base (Fig. 8A–C); the posterior margin of the anterior wall of epigynal plate with a beak-shaped projection on each side (Fig. 8A–C). Spermathecae slender, L-shaped (Fig. 8D). Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 38).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on pages 8-14, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Acroterius longidentatus Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius longidentatus gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F372CAB7-6C3F-403D-809D-4FDA72FB7B10 Figs 29, 39 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Acroterius brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8A–D) in having a similar short parmula as in A. camur gen. et sp. nov. and A. longidentatus gen. et sp. nov. and the C-shaped distal part of spermathecae in epigyne (Fig. 29A–D); it can be distinguished by: the posterior projection of the anterior wall of the epigynal plate C-shaped in ventral view, somewhat triangular in lateral view and retained below the lateral margin of anterior wall of the epigyne in the new species (Fig. 29A–C), but beak-shaped in ventral view, protruding above the lateral margin in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8A–C). The spermathecae are situated near the median septum (Fig. 29D), but situated away from the median septum in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8D). Parmula finger-shaped (Fig. 29A–C), but tongue-shaped in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8A–C), anteriorly rectangular and posteriorly spoon-shaped in A. inversus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 22A–C) and somewhat triangular in A. camur gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 13A–C). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ longus ’ + ‘ dentatus ’, meaning ‘long’ + ‘teeth’ and referring to the long and highly sclerotized teeth on the retrolateral margin of the chelicerae in the female. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♀; Yunnan Province, Longling County, Longjiang Township, Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve; 24.82888° N, 98.76001° E; alt. 2020 m; broadleaf forest; 28 May 2005; Charles Griswold and D.H. Kavanaugh leg.; HNU-2002–033A. Paratypes (5 ♀♀) CHINA – Yunnan Province • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; HNU-2002–033A • 1 ♀; Longling County, Longjiang Township, Xiaoheishan Nature Reserve; 24.83671° N, 98.76185° E; alt. 2067 m; hand collecting; 28 May 2005; Heng-mei Yan and Guo Ke-ji leg.; HNU-GKJ029. Description Female (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 3.73. Carapace 1.27 long, 1.18 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, yellowish brown, with distinct pattern starting from the base of posterior median eyes; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct; clypeus 0.27 high (Fig. 29E–F); abdomen 2.47 long, 1.81 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.11, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.05, PME–PME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PLE 0.09, ALE–ALE 0.51, PLE–PLE 0.55, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and six retromarginal teeth; reteromarginal teeth long and highly sclerotized. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 6.13 (1.67, 1.95, 1.55, 0.96), II = 5.50 (1.45, 1.75, 1.51, 0.79), III = 3.50 (0.98, 1.07, 0.91, 0.54), IV = 5.02 (1.23, 1.61, 1.36, 0.82). Leg formula I–II–IV–III. EPIGYNE. Parmula 0.36 long, 0.23 wide at base (Fig. 29B); the posterior projection of anterior wall of epigynal plate circular in ventral view; somewhat triangular and retained below lateral wall of epigynal plate in lateral view (Fig. 29A–C). Spermathecae slender, distal part C-shaped and situated near median septum (Fig. 29D). Male Unknown. Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 39).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Acroterius latus Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius latus gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 896C3469-C7F5-4931-ADBF-B423F6513F4A Figs 24–28, 38 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Acroterius longimultus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 30A–D, 31A–B) in having the distal arm of paracymbium with two projections in the male palp and the long parmula with a median incision in the epigyne (Figs 24A–D, 26A–B); it can be distinguished by: the distal suprategular apophysis short, retained below the apex of cymbium in retrolateral view (Fig. 24B), but long, swordshaped, protruding beyond the apex of cymbium in A. longimultus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 30B). The dorsal projection of embolic plate doesn’t touch the base of cymbium in prolateral view (Figs 24A, 26A), but almost touches the base of cymbium in A. longimultus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 30A, 31A). The lateral projection of the distal arm of the paracymbium is finger-shaped, almost touches the posterior margin of the tibia (Figs 24B, D, 26B), but is tongue-shaped and away from the posterior margin of the tibia in A. longimultus gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 30B, D, 31B). The posterior projection of the anterior wall of the epigynal plate is wider than long and doesn’t protrude beyond the epigastric furrow (Fig. 27A–B), but is longer than wide and protruding beyond the epigastric furrow in A. longimultus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 32A–B). The distal part of the spermathecae is hook-shaped (Fig. 27D), but inverted L-shaped in A. longimultus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 32D). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ latus ’ meaning ‘broad’, referring to the radical apophysis with a broad distal end in the male palp. Type material Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Lonyang County, Bawan Distr., Nankang Yakou; 24.83178° N, 98.76472° E; alt. 2180 m; 25 May 2005; Charles Griswold and D.H. Kavanaugh leg.; HNU-CGY123. Paratypes (3 ♀♀) CHINA – Yunnan Province • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; HNU-CGY123 • 1 ♀; Fugong County, 2 km down Shibali; 27.16284° N, 98.78989° E; alt. 2420 m; 2 May 2004; Guang–xu Peng leg.; HNU-20040502 • 1 ♀; Fugong County, Lishadi Township, Shibali; 27.10520° N, 98.77980° E; alt. 2530 m; 10 Aug. 2005; Guo Tang leg.; HNU-Tang–05–02. Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 3.55. Carapace 1.84 long, 1.47 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, dark brown, with longitudinal band starting from base of posterior lateral eyes extending to base of cephalothorax followed by fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct; clypeus 0.34 high (Fig. 28A–B); abdomen 1.71 long, 1.29 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.07, PME–PME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PLE 0.13, ALE–ALE 0.51, PLE–PLE 0.55, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. With six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth; distal three teeth of promargin very small (Fig. 25B). LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 6.59 (1.79, 1.99, 1.67, 1.14), II = 4.88 (1.66, 1.69, 1.32, 1), III = 3.95 (1.34, 1.39, 0.76, 0.46), IV=5.98 (1.74, 1.82, 1.46, 0.96). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. PALP (Figs 24A–D, 26A–B). Paracymbium highly sclerotized, distal arm with two projections (Figs 24B, 26B), lateral projection finger-like in ventral view and almost touches posterior margin of paracymbium in retrolateral view; ventral projection thumb-like with blunt end; distal suprategular apophysis slightly protruding above cymbium in ventral view (Figs 24D, 26B). Radical apophysis relatively large, tongueshaped, slightly curved with blunt end in ventral view (Figs 24A–D, 26A–B). Embolus stout, short with pointed end (Figs 24A–C, 26A–B). Female (HNU-CGY123) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 3.03. Carapace 1.26 long, 1.01 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, dark brown, with a longitudinal band starting from base of posterior lateral eyes extending to base of cephalothorax; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct; clypeus 0.25 high (Fig. 28C–D); abdomen 1.75 long, 1.33 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.07, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.05, PME–PME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.43, PLE–PLE 0.47, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. In dorsal view, chelicerae with depression at proximal end slightly below reteromargin with six promarginal and seven retromarginal teeth; reteromarginal teeth gradually decreasing in length towards base of fang (Fig. 25A–B). LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 4.30 (1.29, 1.48, 0.89, 0.64), II = 4.05 (1.26, 1.34, 0.86, 0.59), III = 2.27 (1.02, 1.06, 0.69, 0.52), IV = 4.39 (1.23, 1.34, 1.03, 0.79). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. EPIGYNE. Parmula 0.45 long, 0.14 wide at base (Fig. 27A–B); posterior projection of anterior wall of epigynal plate margin of epigyne wider than long, not protruding beyond epigastric furrow (Fig. 27A– B). Spermathecae slender, distal part of spermathecae hook-shaped, slightly curved, pointing towards lateral wall of epigyne (Fig. 27D). Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 38).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Acroterius camur Irfan & Bashir & Peng 2021, gen. et sp. nov.
No full textAcroterius camur gen. et sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B86B9669-F527-44A7-BAF0-40B777161195 Figs 10–14, 38 Differential diagnosis The new species resembles Acroterius brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 6A–D, 7A–B) in having similar embolus in the male palp and a short parmula in the epigyne (Figs 10A–D, 11A–D, 12A–B) as in A. inversus gen. et sp. nov. and A. longidentatus gen. et sp. nov.; it can be distinguished by the distal arm of paracymbium with three projections and similar embolus, the radical thumb-shaped apophysis extends above the embolus in ventral view (Figs 10D, 12A), but is triangular and reaches to the base of the embolus in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Figs 6D, 7A). Spermathecae hook-shaped, separated by one and half-length of spermathecae (Fig. 13A–B), but L-shaped and present near the posterior median plate in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8A–D). Parmula somewhat triangular (Fig. 13A–D), but tongue-shaped in A. brevis gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 8A–C), anteriorly rectangular and posteriorly spoon-shaped in A. inversus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 22A–C), finger-shaped in A. longidentatus gen. et sp. nov. (Fig. 29A–C). Etymology The species name comes from the Latin adjective ‘ camur ’, meaning ‘curved’ and referring to the curved distal suprategular apophysis in the male palp. Type material Holotype CHINA • 1 ♂; Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Bingzhongluo Township, Niwaluo He, just below Nujiang Road; 28.02499° N, 98.62564° E; alt. 1610 m; 8 Oct. 2002; D.H. Kavanaugh, P.E. Marek and Hong-bin Liang leg.; HNU-DHK–2002–038. Paratypes (3 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀) CHINA – Yunnan Province • 2 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; HNU-DHK–2002–038 • 1 ♀; Cikai Township, Dabadi, North bank of Pula river; 27.78333° N, 98.51667° E; alt. 3030 m; 28 Sep. 2002; Heng–mei Yan leg.; HNU-Yan020928 • 1 ♀; Cikai Township, Dabadi to Gongshan, along Pula river downward; 27.7945833° N, 98.5071389° E; alt. 3025–3990 m; 4 Oct. 2002; Heng –mei Yan leg.; HNU-Yan021004 • 1 ♀; Lushui County, Waluoyaku; 25.78333° N, 98.78333° E; alt. 1070 m; 14 Oct. 2002; Heng–mei Yan leg.; HNU-Yan021014 • 2 ♀♀; Tengchong County, Wuhe Township, Tongjia 12-dauzhuang Village, Longchuanjiang River (Longjiang bridge); 24.89284° N, 98.67439° E; alt. 1210 m; 24 May 2005; Heng-mei Yan and Ke-ji Guo leg.; HNU-GKJ020 • 1 ♂; Nujiang Prefecture, Nujiang State Nature Reserve, No. 12 bridge Camp area, 16.3 km W of Gongshan; 27.71503° N, 98.50244° E; alt. 2775 m; 15–19 Jul. 2000; Heng-mei Yan, D.H. Kavanaugh, Charles Griswold, Hongbin Liang, Darrell Ubick and Da-zhi Dong leg.; HNU-00–QD • 1 ♀; Nujiang Prefecture, Nujiang State Nature Reserve, Dulong / Gongshan Yakou area, 21 km W of Gongshan; 27.69655° N, 98.45389° E; alt. 3300–3680 m; 16–17 Jul. 2000; Heng-mei Yan, D.H. Kavanaugh, Charles Griswold, Hong-bin Liang, Darrell Ubick and Da-zhi Dong leg.; HNU-00–BY. Description Male (holotype) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 2.95. Carapace 1.41 long, 1.14 wide, cephalothorax brown; clypeus 0.56 high (Fig. 14A–B); abdomen 1.54 long, 1.02 wide (Fig. 14A–B). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.07, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.06, AME– ALE 0.08, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.42, PLE–PLE 0.46. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and five retromarginal teeth (Fig. 14B); proximal two teeth of reteromargin much longer than distal one. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 6.11 (1.65, 1.92, 1.59, 0.95), II = 5.43 (1.62, 1.58, 1.38, 0.85), III = 4.13 (1.19, 1.26, 1.05, 0.63), IV = 5.61 (1.58, 1.79, 1.32, 0.92). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. PALP (Figs 10A–D, 11A–D, 12A–B). Paracymbium highly sclerotized, distal arm with two projections; lateral projection small, somewhat triangular; ventral projection small with blunt end (Figs 10B, 12B); distal suprategular apophysis long, robust, distal part slightly curved with pointed end (Figs 10A–C, 12A–B). Radical apophysis thumb-shaped with blunt end extending above the embolus in ventral view (Figs 10A–D, 11A–D, 12A–B). Embolus stout, short with pointed end (Figs 10A–D, 11A–D, 12A–B). Female (HNU-DHK–2002–038) MEASUREMENTS AND COLOUR. Total length: 2.66. Carapace 1.17 long, 1.01 wide, cephalothorax brown; clypeus 0.24 high (Fig. 14C–D); abdomen 1.49 long, 1.21 wide (Fig. 14C–D). Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.06, AME– ALE 0.06, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.41, PLE–PLE 0.46, ALE–PLE contiguous. CHELICERAE. With five promarginal and six retromarginal teeth; proximal teeth of reteromargin are much longer than distal one. LENGTH OF LEGS. I = 4.73 (1.31, 1.54, 1.06, 0.82), II = 4.13 (1.28, 1.23, 1, 0.62), III = 3.45 (0.99, 1.07, 0.91, 0.48), IV = 4.41 (1.29, 1.32, 1.02, 0.78). Leg formula I–IV–II–III. EPIGYNE. Parmula 0.21 long, 0.41 wide at base (Fig. 13A–B); the posterior margin of anterior wall of epigynal plate with a projection horizontal to anterior wall of epigynal plate margin in orientation (Fig. 13A–B). Spermathecae slender, distal part hook-shaped (Fig. 13D). Distribution China (Yunnan Province, Fig. 38).Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Bashir, Shahida & Peng, Xianjin, 2021, Acroterius gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae) with twelve new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 1-53 in European Journal of Taxonomy 743 on pages 14-18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.743.1293, http://zenodo.org/record/466431
Fig. 1 in Yuelushannus gen. nov. (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China
No full textFig. 1. Yuelushannus alatus sp. nov., male palp, holotype (HNDWS-18-04~01). A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Published as part of Irfan, Muhammad, Zhou, Gu-chun, Bashir, Shahida, Mukhtar, Muhammad Khalid & Peng, Xian-jin, 2020, Yuelushannus gen. nov. (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from China, pp. 1-17 in European Journal of Taxonomy 642 on page 4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.642, http://zenodo.org/record/381714
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