14 research outputs found
In-vivo hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects of methanolic extract of Schumannianthus dichotomus rhizome
No full textBackground: Rhizome of Schumannianthus dichotomus is used in folklore medicine for many years. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic activities of the methanolic extract of Schumannianthus dichotomus rhizome. Methods: In hepatoprotective assay, mice were treated for seven days with extract at a doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and the standard drug silymarin (100 mg/kg). Thereafter 8 ml/kg of 2% v/v CCl4 was administered on the 5th day to induce acute liver injury. Blood samples were obtained and serum enzymes ALP, AST and ALT were assayed and total protein and total bilirubin levels were also assessed. The hypoglycemic effect was evaluated in the mice model. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured and immediately extracts were administered (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). Glibenclamide was used as standard. After one-hour dextrose was administered and glucose levels were measured after one hour, two hour and three hours. Results: In the hepatoprotective assay, the extract markedly reduced ALP, AST, ALT and bilirubin levels and increased total protein levels in the CCl4-treated mice groups as compared with the standard group. In the hypoglycemic test, the standard drug glibenclamide reduced fasting blood glucose concentration by 57.43% after 3 h while the extract at 400 mg/kg showed 39.84% reduction after the same time span. Conclusion: From the above results, it can be concluded that the plant extract is capable of managing CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and dextrose-induced hyperglycemia
Estimation of Manganese, Zinc and Copper in Multimineral Preparation Containing Vitamins: A Complexometric Approach
No full textA simple, precise, complexometric titration method has been developed for the estimation of essential trace metals- manganese, zinc and copper, in marketed multimineral pharmaceutical dosage form containing vitamins. The selectivity of the method is accomplished by masking the minerals with suitable masking agent (NaCN) and determining the metal ion using Complexon III (EDTA). The method having high recovery range has successfully been applied for the determination of these trace metals in presence of other minerals and vitamins. The values of different statistical parameters (e.g., standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error, confidence interval) were also determined, which reflect the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. Key words: Multimineral; complexometric titration; Na2EDTA.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5820Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 16-20</jats:p
Acute and subchronic toxicity profile of methanol extract of leaves of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl
No full textEthnopharmacological relevance: Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae) is a grass like herb habitually breeds as weed in paddy fields and mostly disseminated in tropical or sub-tropical countries of south and south-east Asia, northern Australia, and west Africa. The plant has been traditionally used to treat fever as a form of poultice. However, no scientific study regarding its toxicity profile has been testified. Aim of the study: The study has been carried out to determine the potential toxicity of the methanol extract from leaves of the Fimbristylis miliacea, employing the technique of acute and subchronic oral administration in mice. Materials and methods: In the acute toxicity study according to OECD guideline 425, oral administration of FM methanol extract at single doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg in both sexes of Swiss albino mice was performed. Toxic symptoms, abnormal behavior, changes in body weight, and mortality were observed for 14 consecutive days. In subchronic toxicity study according to OECD guideline 407, plant extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg daily for 28 days. The general toxic symptoms, abnormal behavior, changes in body weight were observed daily. Biochemical analysis of serum, and histopathological examination of liver were performed at the end of the study. Results: No mortality, abnormal behavior and urination, changes in sleep, food intake, adverse effect, and non-linearity in body weight have been recorded during acute toxicity study at the doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg. Also, in subchronic toxicity study, FM extract produced no mortality or any kind of adverse effects in regards of general behavior, body weight, urination, sleeping routine, and food intake. In case of analysis of thirteen different biochemical parameters, concentrations of aspartate transaminase (AST) and glucose were altered significantly in male and female mice in both acute and subchronic study. Total cholesterol and triglycerides at 5000 mg/kg.bw were changed in male mice in acute toxicity study. On the other hand, female mice had altered triglycerides in subchronic test. All other critical parameters were found unaffected. In subchronic test, histopathological examination of liver demonstrated cellular necrosis at 2000 mg/kg.bw in both male and female mice while minor necrosis was observed at 1000 mg/kg.bw. Thus, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) can be assumed around 1000 mg/kg.bw. Conclusion: The present study suggests that treatment with FM extract does not reveal significant toxicity
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, PLANT GROWTH INHIBITION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF XYLOCARPUS GRANATUM
No full textPhytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of Xylocarpus granatum Koen indicated the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins and flavonoid types of compounds. Alkaloids and glycosides were found to be absent from the extract. The primary methanolic extract exhibited a potent growth inhibitory effect. Inhibition of both the rootlet and shoot showed a dosedependent response. The residual methanolic extract also has a growth inhibitory effect. Bothmethanolic extracts have a greater inhibitory effect on rootlet growth than shoot growth. The residual methanolic extract has a lesser inhibitory effect than the primary methanolic extract.Removal of the non-polar compounds (by n-hexane and chloroform) from the primary methanolic extract reduced the inhibitory activity on both the rootlet and shoot growth, which suggests that the non-polar fractions may contain growth inhibitory principles. The primary extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the gram negative bacteria Proteus vulgaris. The primary methanolic extract was found to be inactive against Escherichia coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa. The primary methanolic extract was more active against grampositive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. The residual methanolic extract was also found to be inactive against all the tested microorganisms
Comparative Evaluation of HPMC, PVA and Gelatin as Matrices for Controlled Release Drug Delivery
No full textThe present study was undertaken to compare three different polymeric gums- HPMC, PVA and gelatin as controlled release matrices. Diclofenac sodium, a potent analgesic, was used as the model drug. Different ratio of HPMC, PVA and gelatin were incorporated into the lactose loaded Diclofenac tablet to explore their impact on drug release. Matrix tablets of Diclofenac were prepared by using individual polymer with magnesium stearate and aerosil by direct compression process at 5 ton pressure. The release of drug from these matrices was studied over 2 hrs in acidic media where insignificant release was observed. Then, the same formulations were studied over 8 hours in buffer media of pH 6.8 at a temperature of 37± 0.5°C. Statistically significant differences in drug release profile was found among the tablets prepared from different matrices. The study revealed that the average % release of drug from different types of polymer loaded matrix tablet varied with the ratio of different polymers. Among the three polymers, PVA showed best dissolution pattern. A comparison of Higuchi curve and bi-exponential curve was also performed. Key words: HPMC; PVA; Gelatin; Controlled release; Diclofenac DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i1.5816Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(1) 2009: 51-55</jats:p
Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Estimation of Manganese, Zinc and Copper in Multimineral Preparation Containing Vitamins: A
No full textA simple, precise, complexometric titration method has been developed for the estimation of essential trace metals- manganese, zinc and copper, in marketed multimineral pharmaceutical dosage form containing vitamins. The selectivity of the method is accomplished by masking the minerals with suitable masking agent (NaCN) and determining the metal ion using Complexon III (EDTA). The method having high recovery range has successfully been applied for the determination of these trace metals in presence of other minerals and vitamins. The values of different statistical parameters (e.g., standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error, confidence interval) were also determined, which reflect the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. Key words: Multimineral, complexometric titration, Na2EDTA
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl
No full textBackground: Fimbristylis miliacea (Cyperaceae) is a grass like herb, widely used in traditional medicine. In our previous study, this plant demonstrated promising in vitro antioxidant activities. The present work evaluated antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic extract of F. miliacea through in vivo studies. Methods: The overall study was structured involving CCl4 toxicant mice model for antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Three different doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg.bw were administered to mice. HPLC-DAD was performed for chemical characterization of methanolic extract of F. miliacea. Results: Methanolic extract of F. miliacea increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, kidney and brain. Concentrations of liver marker enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin in serum were also reduced and restored to normal level after extract administration. Liver histopathology showed recovery of hepatocellular injury after administration of plant extract. In HPLC, ten polyphenolic compounds were detected including caffeic acid and kaempferol, both at high concentrations. Conclusion: The study indicated that F. miliacea has antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials and contains potential bioactive compounds
Sex-dependent variations in anti-nociceptive and antipyretic effects of rhizome and stem extract of Schumannianthus dichotomus Roxb. in male and female mice
Full text linkSchumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) is a perennial shrub from Marantaceace family. In traditional medicine, rhizome of the plant is used in fever and stem is used in earache. We aimed to substantiate these therapeutic claims by examining their effects in mice model. Antinociceptive effect was evaluated by three pain models and antipyretic effect was tested by yeast induced hyperthermia experiment. Influence of mice sexes on these pharmacological effects was examined by performing experiments separately on male and female mice. Quantitative analyses of total phenols and flavonoids were performed. Antinociceptive effects showed striking sex dimorphism. In hind paw licking test, male mice showed significant reductions in licking in both phases for both rhizome and stem extracts while significant effect was observed only in late phase in female mice. In writhing test, antinociception is more profound in male than in female. In hot plate test, stem was more effective than rhizome in male mice while female mice produced little effect for both extracts. Antipyretic experiment also showed varied effect in male and female mice; both extracts showed significant decrease in body temperatures. Rhizome showed greater effect in female mice while stem was more effective in male mice. Total phenol and flavonoid in rhizome were found 103.08 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent) and 9.07mg QE (quercetin equivalent) respectively while in stem, these were 43.39mg GAE and 20.93 QE. Antinociceptive and antipyretic effects of rhizome and stem extracts endorsed the traditional uses of S. dichotomus. Also, differential effects based on mouse sex indicate the prerequisite of both male and female mice model in therapeutic evaluations of plant extract
Petroleum Ether and Chloroform Soluble Fractions of Whole Plant Extract of Acanthus ilicifolis Linn. Possesses Potential Analgesic and Antioxidant Activities.
Full text linkBackground: Medicinal plants are the major sources of traditional treatment of disease and new drug discovery due to major side effects of synthetic drug. Objectives: The aim of study was to evaluate analgesic and antioxidant activities of petroleum ether and chloroform soluble fractions of whole plant extract of Acanthus ilicifoius. Materials and Methods: The plant extract, standard diclofenac, and distilled water as control was administered post orally in Swiss albino mice and observe the analgesic activity by acetic acid (0.6%) induced writhing method. The plant extract was also subjected to perform reducing power assay, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay to evaluate antioxidant activity. Results: The pet ether, and chloroform soluble fraction of plant extract revealed significant analgesic activity on mice model. Notably, the pet ether and chloroform fraction showed (40.14 ± 2.32) % and (40.12 ± 0.9) % analgesic inhibition, whereas standard diclofenac revealed (52.79 ± 2.62) % analgesic inhibition. In antioxidant activity assay, the plant extract showed mild to moderate antioxidant activities compare to standard ascorbic acid. Conclusion: From the results, it could be concluded that, the pet ether and chloroform fractions of whole plant extract of A. ilicifolius possesses potential analgesic and antioxidant properties
Chitosan-based electrospun nanofibers for diabetic foot ulcer management; recent advances
No full textDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing has long been a major medical challenge. The type of dressing is an essential factor in wound healing, prevention of local infection, and scar formation. Today, smart wound dressings or wound healing patches can precisely control drug delivery to the target tissue and prevent this significant complication. Nanofiber (NF) wound dressings are effective in reducing wound scarring and helping to speed up the healing process for DFU. The electrospun NFs have a suitable surface topography, density, and three-dimensional structure, which can be considered an efficient method to produce a substrate for tissue engineering and wound healing. Chitosan (CS) is one of the most well-known biopolymers in wound healing tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. The unique properties of CS make it suitable for biomedical applications. Based on new studies in the field of hemostatic and antimicrobial effects of CS in controlling bleeding and wound healing and application of NF wound dressings, the purpose of this study is a review relevant works on CS-based NFs to improve the DFU. 2023 Elsevier LtdLast author acknowledges the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology "the Belt and Road" Innovative Talent Exchange Foreign Expert Project (Grant Number DL2021003001 and DL2021014003L ).Scopu
