186,426 research outputs found
Staying in school: assessing the role of access, availability and cost
No full textThis paper investigates the role of contextual factors outside the household in determining whether or not a child attends basic education in Tajikistan. By combining data from the Tajikistan Living Standard Survey with data from a parallel community survey, aggregated census data at the jamoat (village) level, and spatial data, a series of variables are constructed which characterize the environment where the child lives. These variables serve as proxies for the accessibility and availability of school services, quality of education, opportunity cost of education in terms of the opportunities for income generating activities forgone, and level of economic development in the communities. Applying multilevel modelling techniques, the results show that contextual factors have a strong effect on school attendance. Accessibility of service and higher quality of school have a positive effect, however a high opportunity cost to education in a community exerts a negative effect on school attendance
Ethnic differences in transition to first marriage in Iran
No full textThis paper, using data from the 2000 Iran Demographic and Health Survey and a range of time-varying district-level contextual information derived from the 1986 and 1996 censuses of Iran, applies a discrete time hazard model to study ethnic differences in women’s transition to first marriage. The model specification accounts for both spatial and temporal changes in the socio-economic context of transition to marriage. We found ethnic-specific responses on women’s marriage timing to changes in the socio-economic context between the mid 1970s and 2000. Some ethnic groups appear to be more resistant to change despite sharing similar changes in their socio-economic context.development, education, ethnicity, Iran, marriage, marriage market, women status
Circadian rhythms of cardiovascular autonomic function: Physiology and clinical implications in neurodegenerative diseases
No full textCircadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate are regulated by a biological clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which modulates the autonomic nervous system activity directed to the heart and blood vessels. Humoral mediators released with periodicity induced by the SCN as well as sleep are also important factors. Disruption of physiological cardiovascular circadian rhythms has important clinical implications, as it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, firstly we will give an overview on the neuroanatomic and physiologic aspects of cardiovascular circadian rhythms. Secondly we will examine how to assess them in clinical practice. Finally we will discuss certain neurodegenerative diseases in which there is an alteration of these rhythms, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
Thirty Years of Multiple System Atrophy (1989–2019): Are We Better at Diagnosing It Than Previously?
No full textn.a
[Somatostatin-induced changes in the secretion of insulin, glucagon and gastrin in functional hypoglycemia]
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Protein unfolding and refolding under force: methodologies for nanomechanics.
No full textAn increasing number of inter- and intramolecular interactions can nowadays be probed using single-molecule manipulation techniques. Protein unfolding and refolding is the most representative--though complex--of these interactions. Herein, we review the main modes of performing a force unfolding experiment: the velocity clamp and the new force clamp mode. We also compare some of the physical aspects behind the two most frequently used single-molecule manipulation instrumentations: optical tweezers and atomic force microscopes
Mobile agents for QoS tailoring, control and adaptation over the internet: The ubiQoS video on demand service
No full textService provision over the Internet has to address the issues of differentiated Quality-of-Service (QoS) and ubiquitous accessibility. Internet services should consider user QoS desiderata together with various properties of servers providing replicated/partitioned services and of different access devices/points. The major paper claim is that the provision of services with negotiated and controlled QoS over best-effort networks requires a distributed support infrastructure consisting of active nodes along the path between clients and servers. The paper proposes Mobile Agents (MAs) as a suitable technology to implement active infrastructures and, in particular, presents the MA-based design and implementation of the ubiQoS middleware for Video on Demand. At negotiation time, ubiQoS establishes an active path of intermediate nodes that tailor QoS of multimedia flows depending on user profile and device characteristics. At provision time, ubiQoS controls the offered quality to adapt locally when and where network resource availability changes
Diffuse pollution for urban areas in the Venice mainland: estimation and possible intervention scenaria
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