1,354,744 research outputs found
Staying in school: assessing the role of access, availability and cost
No full textThis paper investigates the role of contextual factors outside the household in determining whether or not a child attends basic education in Tajikistan. By combining data from the Tajikistan Living Standard Survey with data from a parallel community survey, aggregated census data at the jamoat (village) level, and spatial data, a series of variables are constructed which characterize the environment where the child lives. These variables serve as proxies for the accessibility and availability of school services, quality of education, opportunity cost of education in terms of the opportunities for income generating activities forgone, and level of economic development in the communities. Applying multilevel modelling techniques, the results show that contextual factors have a strong effect on school attendance. Accessibility of service and higher quality of school have a positive effect, however a high opportunity cost to education in a community exerts a negative effect on school attendance
Ethnic differences in transition to first marriage in Iran
No full textThis paper, using data from the 2000 Iran Demographic and Health Survey and a range of time-varying district-level contextual information derived from the 1986 and 1996 censuses of Iran, applies a discrete time hazard model to study ethnic differences in women’s transition to first marriage. The model specification accounts for both spatial and temporal changes in the socio-economic context of transition to marriage. We found ethnic-specific responses on women’s marriage timing to changes in the socio-economic context between the mid 1970s and 2000. Some ethnic groups appear to be more resistant to change despite sharing similar changes in their socio-economic context.development, education, ethnicity, Iran, marriage, marriage market, women status
Group 14 metalloles. Properties, synthesis and potential applications: From organic electronics to soft materials
No full textSince the discovery of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon of siloles in 2001, extensive research has been devoted to the synthesis of AIE-active group 14 metalloles and their applications. A large number of new systems have been designed, synthesized, and studied. It has been determined that the restriction of intramolecular rotation is the main cause for AIE, and the effect that the nature of the substituents has on the electronic structures allows one to control the properties of these materials. Siloles hold a number of favourable attributes for application in organic electronics; therefore many applications can be conceived for the siloles and other metalloles. In this mini-review we illustrate recent progress in the development of group 14 metallole-based OLEDs, bio/chemosensors and soft materials
Health inequities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: selected country case studies
No full textThis report focuses on the available evidence on inequities in health and inequities in socioeconomic determinants that exist both within and across countries in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. It uses data from the Pan-Arab Project for Child Development (PAPCHILD) and Pan-Arab Project Family Health Survey (PAPFAM). The report aims to assess the extent of health inequality in the Region and identify what contributed to the changing levels of inequalities in the 1990s. The study analyses the role of changing socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics of the population and the changes in health system in contributing to widening or narrowing health inequalities. The analysis is limited to six countries in the Region for which we have data on health outcomes in two points in time (early 1990s and early 2000). Three main research questions were asked as follows. 1. What is the extent of health inequities within and across the countries in the Region? 2. What are the major factors contributing to health inequities within countries? 3. What are the major policy implications or actions that countries should consider given the results of the analysis
Geographic Influences on IPO
No full textFirm geographic location matters in IPO decision and outcome. Firms headquartered in wealthier areas with fewer geographically neighboring listed firms are more prone to go public and to be exposed to the “money left on the table” effect. Even controlling for the geographic self-selection bias, first-day return is still negatively affected by the proximity to other listed firms. Findings are consistent with a location premium that comes out suddenly, i.e. when firm goes public, and the myopia of actors taking part of the going public decision process
Geographical Influences on IPOs
No full textFirm geographic location matters in IPO decision and outcome. Firms headquartered in wealthier areas with fewer geographically neighboring listed firms are more prone to go public and to be exposed to the “money left on the table” effect. Even controlling for the geographic self-selection bias, first-day return is still negatively affected by the proximity to other listed firms. Findings are consistent with a location premium that comes out suddenly, i.e. when firm goes public, and the myopia of actors taking part of the going public decision process
Effects of modernization on desired fertility in Egypt
No full textUsing a conceptual framework that borrows notions both from the economic theory of fertility and social interaction theory, this paper assesses the relative importance of social and economic modernisation at the individual and community level in explaining geographical differentials in desired fertility in Egypt. Using the 2000 Egyptian Demographic Health Survey and an up-to-date map of land cover in Egypt, this paper provides an application of an advanced methodology which uses a combination of multilevel modelling and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. The paper shows how GIS techniques facilitate the construction of several variables representing the level of economic modernisation, such as land use, road density and urbanisation. It illustrates how GIS techniques and multilevel modelling can help us to move forward a step in substantiating theories of community influences on fertility. This study also analyses the effect of current family composition on desired fertility in Egypt and reveals the desire of Egyptian society to have at least two children and at least one boy
Impact of financing and payout policy on the economic profitability of solar photovoltaic plants
No full textThis paper introduces an innovative comprehensive evaluation model for appraising an investment in a solar photovoltaic plant which encompasses both operational and financial management. We illustrate the intricate network of logical relations among technical (estimated) variables and financial (decision) variables and show that establishing transparent links between the former and the latter enhances the accuracy and soundness of the model. The results indicate that understanding the conceptual and formal relations of operating variables and financial decisions is necessary for correctly measuring shareholder value creation and making rational decisions, even for those projects (such as solar energy projects) where the operating, technical component is of paramount importance. We show how a firm's decision of replacing conventional energy with solar energy may be affected by managerial decisions regarding the firm's payout/retention policy and its financing policy to support the project. The model discloses insights on how to fine-tune the financing and distribution decisions in order to maximize the value creation for shareholders. We apply the model to a real-life photovoltaic project to be located in the province of Modena, in Northeast Italy, and quantify the effect of financial decisions on the project's net present value, showing that the financing and distribution policies may amplify or shrink the impact of changes in other inputs and may even revert an otherwise unprofitable project into a value-creating one. Finally, we allow operational variables as well as financial variables to change in order to measure their importance via the application of the Clean Finite Change Sensitivity Indices (Magni et al., 2020)
Triple Click to Tripodal Triazole-Based Ligands - Synthesis and Characterization of Blue-Emitting Ce3+Complexes
No full textTris(aryltriazolylmethyl)amine compounds have been synthesized by a one-pot triple click reaction of azides from anilines with tripropargylamine. The resulting tripodal ligands have been employed to obtain six new Ce3+ complexes. The formation of the new complexes, which were obtained both as heteroleptic or homoleptic types, is influenced by the nature of the counterion (nitrate, perchlorate, or triflate) of the starting Ce3+ salts. All the new Ce3+-based complexes are highly stable both in solution and in the solid state. Their structural features have been at first studied by NMR spectroscopy. In addition, by combining experimental and DFT theoretical approaches, the X-ray structure of one heteroleptic complex has been used to simulate the structures of all the remaining complexes. Finally, both the heteroleptic and the homoleptic complexes are luminescent, and the analysis of their photophysical properties indicate that the Ce3+ center regulates the occurrence of radiative processes. A new one-pot triple click reaction leads to tripodal triazole ligands, which are able to coordinate CeIII to give luminescent complexes. Their nature, such as their NMR spectra and photophysical properties, depends on the counteranion. By combining experimental and theoretical approaches, the X-ray structure of one complex is used to simulate the structures of the remaining complexes
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