400 research outputs found
Avoiding a new European divide
Get PDFThe financial crisis, which is now hitting the new member states severely, highlights the shortcomings of the existing institutional architecture in Europe. Current strains reflect a revaluation of risks but they also result from policy mistakes. In this policy brief, Zsolt Darvas and Jean Pisani-Ferry show that some of the non euro-area new member states suffer from serious vulnerabilities, to which policy has been slow to respond. They believe that the crisis management in the euro area has had the unintended consequence of putting non euro-area new member states at disadvantage. These are unhealthy developments and without decisive action, a new political and economic divide within Europe may emerge.
The Baltic challenge and Euro-area entry. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2009/13, November 2009
Get PDFResident Fellow Zsolt Darvas takes a look at the issue of the Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - and the challenges facing those three countries in the aftermath of the financial crisis. He argues that because it is in the broader European interest to prevent a collapse in the Baltics, the best option is immediate euro entry at a suitable exchange rate supported by appropriate resolution in order to manage the resulting debt overhang. However, there seems to be no legal basis for this under the current euro accession criteria. Furthermore, the economic foundations of the criteria are fundamentally flawed, as euro-area members continue to violate the criteria while the EU's expansion to 27 members has made the criteria tougher for new member states to meet themselves. Ultimately, the European Council has the ability to reform the criteria without a formal treaty change. The Council should do so, the author argues, and allow for more meaningful benchmarks for all future euro-area applicants
Exchange Rate Policy and Economic Growth after the Financial Crisis in Central and Eastern Europe
Get PDFIn a paper on the effects of the global financial crisis in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), the
author reacts to a paper of Åslund (2011) published in the same issue of Eurasian Geography and
Economics on the influence of exchange rate policies on the region’s recovery. The author argues
that post-crisis corrections in current account deficits in CEE countries do not in themselves signal a
return to steady economic growth. Disagreeing with Åslund over the role of loose monetary policy in
fostering the region’s economic problems, he outlines a number of competitiveness problems that
remain to be addressed in the 10 new EU member states of CEE, along with improvements in framework conditions supporting future macroeconomic growth
Avoiding a new European divide. Bruegel Policy Brief 2008/10, December 2008
Get PDFThe financial crisis, which is now hitting the new member states severely, highlights the shortcomings of the existing institutional architecture in Europe. Current strains reflect a revaluation of risks but they also result from policy mistakes. For many years, growth in the new member states has relied on massive inflows of foreign capital that are now being called into question. Some of the non euro-area new member states suffer from serious vulnerabilities, to which policy has been slow to respond. Crisis management in the euro area has also had the unintended consequence of putting non euro-area new member states at a disadvantage. These are unhealthy developments and without decisive action, a new political and economic divide within Europe may emerge
Fiscal federalism in crisis: lessons for Europe from the US. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2010/07, July 2010
Get PDFDrawing comparisons between the fiscal situation in the US and the European Union, Bruegel Research Fellow Zsolt Darvas answers three questions in this Policy Contribution- Why has the euro been hit so hard? How would a more federal European fiscal union closer to the US model have helped? How do the euro area’s fiscal architecture reform plans stand up in light of the US example? The author analyses why current fiscal reform proposals if implemented will result in improvements but implementation could be deficient or lack credibility and can lead to disputes and carry political risk
Erdészettörténeti Közlemények 2010
No full textErdészettörténeti Közlemények 81. (2010.)
Bartha Dénes - Barton Zsolt - Oroszi Sándor
ŐSERDŐLEÍRÁSOK A KÁRPÁT-MEDENCÉBŐ
BOURGEOIS WAY OF LIFE-BOURGEOIS MENTALITY Researches on Family, Everyday Life and Mentality Based on the Ladics Inheritance in Gyula (1850–1950)
Get PDFA korábban mellőzött polgárság kutatása a rendszerváltást követően kapott nagyobb lendületet. A történettudomány és szociológia mellett a parasztság polgárosodása kapcsán a néprajztudomány érdeklődése is a téma felé fordult. Ahhoz, hogy a paraszti polgárosulás folyamatát megérthessük, minél alaposabban meg kell ismernünk a mintaadó polgárság életmódját és mentalitását is. Ehhez teremt kitűnő lehetőséget a gyulai Ladics hagyaték, egy vidéki értelmiségi polgárcsalád hagyatéka, mely magába foglalja a családnak több mint egy századon át otthont adó lakóházát annak teljes bútorzatával, a családtagok személyes és használati tárgyait, illetve három generáció családi irattárát.
A kutatás fő célkitűzése ennek a komplex hagyatéknak az alapján, döntően a családi levelezés feldolgozása által, de más irattári és tárgyi emlékekre is alapozva az apró árnyalatokra is figyelve minél részletesebben feltárni egy vidéki polgárcsalád példáján keresztül a polgári életmód és mentalitás jellemző jegyeit a 19–20. század fordulóján. A kutatás során a polgárság fogalmának kulturális meghatározottságú értelmezése alapján a történeti antropológia és a mikrotörténelem szemléletmódját és módszertanát alkalmaztuk.
A Ladics família története két klasszikus történeti modell, a „self made man” és a „Buddenbrook-effektus által vált értelmezhetővé. A család felemelkedését megalapozó Ladics György egyszerű iparoscsaládból indulva, elsőgenerációs értelmiségiként emelkedett Békés megye legtekintélyesebb polgárai közé, saját erejére, szorgalmára támaszkodva, igazi „self made man” módjára. A család következő generációi nem tudták megismételni teljesítményét. A gyermekei támaszkodva az alapító által kivívott társadalmi presztízsre még szép karriert futottak be, megőrizve a családi vagyont és tekintélyt, de tovább emelni már nem tudták azt, míg unokái idejében a család egyértelműen leszálló ágba került, a közélettől visszahúzódó szolid polgári létben élve mindennapjait a világháborút követő kommunista fordulatig.
Ladics György sikeres életútja mögött Max Webber protestáns etikájával összecsengő polgári mentalitás fedezhető fel, mely a család életmódjának számos területén megfigyelhető. Legfontosabb elemei ennek a munka tisztelete, összefonódva egy józan, takarékos életvitellel, melynek fő célja a család boldogulásának biztosítása. Ebben az összefüggésben a család, mint önmagában való érték jelenik meg, lényegében az értékrend kulcsfogalmává válva. A polgári életmód egyes részterületeinek vizsgálata által (lakáskultúra, háztartás-fogyasztás, tárasági élet, ünnepek világa) az alapvetően puritán, haszonelvű mentalitás árnyalható a státuszhoz köthető reprezentáció területével. A józan-takarékos életvitel egy magasabb nívószinten jelenik meg, a társadalmi pozícióhoz kapcsolódó életvezetési minták érvényesítése mellett.
Összefoglalóan mindezek alapján az állapítható meg, hogy a Ladics család által képviselt polgári életmód és mentalitás igazodik a szakirodalomban a kérdés kapcsán korábban elméleti jelleggel megfogalmazott, de empirikus anyaggal csak résben alátámasztott képhez, megerősítve ezáltal azt.
ABSTRACT
The research of the previously neglected bourgeoisie got bigger impulse after the democratic transformation of Hungary. Beside History and Sociology the achievement of middle class status of peasantry attracted interest of Ethnography too. In order to understand the process of achievement of middle class status of peasantry first we have to study the lifestyle and mentality of the role model bourgeoisie as profoundly as we can.
The Ladics inheritance in Gyula offers us an outstanding opportunity of this kind of research. This unique and complex legacy of a rural, intellectual class family includes the Ladics’s house, home of the family for more than a century with its entire furniture, the personal belongings of the family members and the archives of three generation. The main aim of this research is to uncover the typical characteristics of the middle class lifestyle and mentality through the example of a rural, bourgeois family at the turn of the century by mainly the processing of the family correspondence but also using different written and material records as well. During the research based on the view of culturally characterised bourgeoisie we used the attitude and methodology of the historical anthropology and micro history.
We could interpret the history of the Ladics family by the two classical historical model, the “self made man” and the “Buddenbrook-effect”. György Ladics established the rising of the family. As a first generation intellectual, coming from a plain tradesman family, he rose among the most prestigious citizens of Békés county, supported by only his own strength and diligence like a real self made man. The coming generations of the family could not repeat his achievement. His children had carrier because of their father’s prestige, saving the family wealth and prestige but could not grow it further. In the time of the grandchildren the family came to a descent pathway, became less important and lived a quiet life until the communist change.
Behind György Ladics’s successful walk of life one can notice a bourgeois mentality similar to Marx Webber’s protestant ethic which can be recognized in the family’s lifestyle. The respect of work and a sober thrifty lifestyle are the most important elements of it and the aim of them is to guarantee the prosperity of the family. In this context the family itself is a value too, actually the key notion of scale of values. This puritan utilitarian mentality can be shaded whit the topic of representation by the examination of the areas of bourgeois lifestyle (like interior decoration, household, consumption, social life, festival life etc.). The sober and thrifty lifestyle appears on a higher level connecting to the patterns of way of living classified by the family’s social position.
Summing up we can say that the bourgeois lifestyle and mentality represented by the Ladics family matches with, and strengthen the theoretical picture, just partly based on empiric research, previously drawn in special literature.
The research of the previously neglected bourgeoisie got bigger impulse after the democratic transformation of Hungary. Beside History and Sociology, the emburgeoisement of peasantry attracted the interest of Ethnography too. In order to understand the process of peasant emburgeoisement on the whole, researching peasantry on its own is not enough; first we have to study the lifestyle and mentality of the role model bourgeoisie as profoundly as we can.
The Ladics inheritance in Gyula offers us an outstanding opportunity of this kind of research. This unique and complex legacy of a rural, intellectual class family includes the Ladics’s house, home of the family for more than a century with its entire furniture, the personal belongings of the family members and the archives of three generation. The main aim of this research is to uncover the typical characteristics of the middle class lifestyle and mentality through the example of a rural, bourgeois family at the turn of the century by mainly the processing of the family correspondence but also using different written and material records as well. During the research based on the view of culturally characterised bourgeoisie we used the attitude and methodology of the historical anthropology and micro history.
We could interpret the history of the Ladics family by the two classical historical model, the “self-made man” and the “Buddenbrook-effect”. György Ladics established the rising of the family. As a first generation intellectual, coming from a plain tradesman family, he rose among the most prestigious citizens of Békés county, supported by only his own strength and diligence like a real self-made man. The coming generations of the family could not repeat his achievement. His children had carrier because of their father’s prestige, saving the family wealth and prestige but could not grow it further. In the time of the grandchildren the family came to a descent pathway, became less important and lived a quiet life until the communist change.
Behind György Ladics’s successful walk of life one can notice a bourgeois mentality similar to Marx Webber’s protestant ethic which can be recognized in the family’s lifestyle. The respect of work and a sober thrifty lifestyle are the most important elements of it and the aim of them is to guarantee the prosperity of the family. In this context the family itself is a value too, actually the key notion of scale of values. This puritan utilitarian mentality can be shaded whit the topic of representation by the examination of the areas of bourgeois lifestyle (like interior decoration, household, consumption, social life, festival life etc.). The sober and thrifty lifestyle appears on a higher level connecting to the patterns of way of living classified by the family’s social position.
Summing up we can say that the bourgeois lifestyle and mentality represented by the Ladics family matches with, and strengthen the theoretical picture, just partly based on empiric research, previously drawn in special literature
The small mirror of Hungarian literature
No full textTitle: A magyar irodalom kis-tükre (The small mirror of Hungarian literature) Originally published: Budapest, Athenaeum, 1896 Language: Hungarian The excerpts used are from A magyar irodalom kis-tükre, (Budapest: Athenaeum, n.d. [1930]), (seventh edition), Introduction, pp. 4–9. About the author Zsolt Beöthy [1848, Buda – 1922, Budapest]: writer, literary historian. He stemmed from a Protestant gentry family, his father was Zsigmond Beöthy, prominent writer, jurist and politician. He studied ..
Csillagászati évkönyv az 1967. évre
Get PDFA csillagászat legújabb eredményeiből (D-ő)
J.N. Malevszkij: A napenergia hasznosításának lehetőségeiről
Ifj. Bartha Lajos: A Holdtól a Marsig
Marx György: Neutroncsillagok?
Pápay Zsolt - Ferencz Csaba: A mesterséges égitestek rádió megfigyelése
B. B.: Polarizációs mérések a csillagászatban
Kulin György: Csillagászati feladatmegoldáso
Sharp bound on the truncated metric dimension of trees
Get PDFA k-truncated resolving set of a graph is a subset S⊆V of its vertex set such that the vector (dk(s,v))s∈S is distinct for each vertex v∈V where dk(x,y)=min{d(x,y),k+1} is the graph distance truncated at k+1. We think of elements of a k-truncated resolving set as sensors that can measure up to distance k. The k-truncated metric dimension (Tmdk) of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a k-truncated resolving set of G. We give a sharp lower bound on Tmdk for any tree T in terms of its number of vertices |T| and the measuring radius k. Our result is that Tmdk(T)≥|T|⋅3/(k2+4k+3+1{k≡1(mod3)})+ck, disproving earlier conjectures by Frongillo et al. that suspected |T|/(⌊k2/4⌋+2k)+ck′ as general lower bound, where ck, ck′ are k-dependent constants. We provide a construction for trees with the largest number of vertices with a given Tmdk value. The proof that our optimal construction cannot be improved relies on edge-rewiring procedures of arbitrary (suboptimal) trees with arbitrary resolving sets, which reveal the structure of how small subsets of sensors measure and resolve certain areas in the tree that we call the attraction of those sensors. The notion of ‘attraction of sensors’ might be useful in other contexts beyond trees to solve related problems. We also provide an improved lower bound on Tmdk of arbitrary trees that takes into account the structural properties of the tree, in particular, the number and length of simple paths of degree-two vertices terminating in leaf vertices. This bound complements the result of the above-mentioned work of Frongillo et al., where only trees without degree-two vertices were considered, except the simple case of a single path.</p
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