102 research outputs found
Neue Preismodelle für Energie
No full textNEUE PREISMODELLE FÜR ENERGIE
Neue Preismodelle für Energie / Praetorius, Barbara (Rights reserved) (-
How Much Market Do Market-Based Instruments Create?: An Analysis for the Case of "White" Certificates
No full textIn the context of economic instruments for more energy efficiency and climate protection, tradable certificates have been investigated for renewable energy and for a number of emissions. In contrast, tradable energy efficiency - or "white" - certificates have only lately been considered as a market-based tool to foster energy efficiency as compared to standards and labelling, for example. Theoretically, there is little doubt about the advantages. In practice, however, somefundamental problems arise. Critical issues are the design of an efficient artificial market for "white" certificates, its compatibility with the European emissions trading system, the identification of a suitable target group for an energy efficiency obligation and the measurement of energy savings as compared to a reference use of energy. We use the theoretical framework of Transaction Cost Economics to elaborate these issues. We conclude that transaction costs and investment specificity will restrict markets for "white" certificates in practise. Long-term contracts rather than spot trade will be the prevailing form of governance for energy efficiency investments.Tradable certificates; Energy efficiency; Transaction cost
SFEM for velocity-pressure and stream function formulations of surface Stokes equations
No full textCode to produce the SFEM results in the paper "Finite element discretization methods for velocity-pressure and stream function formulations of surface Stokes equations" by Philip Brandner, Thomas Jankuhn, Simon Praetorius, Arnold Reusken, and Axel VoigtThe author wishes to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for financial support within the Research Unit "Vector- and Tensor-Valued Surface PDEs'" (FOR 3013) with project no. VO 899/22-1. We further acknowledge computing resources provided by ZIH at TU Dresden and within project PFAMDIS at FZ Jülich
Methodological Aspects of Environmental Labour Market Analysis
No full textHigh and persistent unemployment rates and increasing awareness of environmental degradation in many industrial countries have promoted the interest in the labour market effects of environmental policy. Environmental labour market analysis is fraught with many difficulties, however. Being unaware of these problems may result in misunderstandings and mislead policy makers. In environmental labour market analysis two kinds of questions have to be distinguished: firstly, accounting for the number of persons working directly or indirectly for environmental protection activities and secondly, identifying the net effect of environmental policy on the labour market balance. Answering the first question is not conceptionally contentious. However, elaborating quantitative estimates poses a variety of problems of delimitation and data collection which are discussed in some detail in section 2. This section also presents the results of studies assessing environmental employment in Germany in various dimensions. Section 3 deals with problems arising when one attempts to answer the question of how many additional jobs are created through environmental policies. This requires an assessment of secondary economic effects of environmental policy the size and even the direction of which depend on a variety of framework conditions in a complex way. Quantitative estimates can only be based on model simulations; thus the features of the models applied become crucial for the results. Some rules for making such estimates are discussed. The most important mechanisms to be taken into account are presented. Some examples of empirical studies for Germany are presented in order to illustrate the argument. The most important conclusion we draw is that the delimitations, methods and assumptions underlying any estimates of the labour market effects of environmental policy have to be clearly stated.
Improving the Institutional Structures for Disseminating Energy Efficiency in Emerging Nations: Energy Agencies in South Africa
No full textEmerging nations are typically characterized by high energy intensities despite significant energy efficiency potentials and numerous project oriented efforts to introduce energy-efficient technologies. The paper argues that successful technology dissemination needs appropriate institutional structures to reduce the related transaction cost. While a project-by-project approach risks to evaporate after completion, an energy agency would allow to bundle the know-how and information gained, ease access to funding and thus reduce information search cost and increase availability of efficient technologies. In a case study for South Africa, we examine the appropriateness of this concept for emerging nations. We discuss the underlying incentive problem from a New Institutional Economics perspective and suggest an approach to the design and implementation of operable energy agencies.Energy efficiency, energy agency, emerging nations, South Africa, New Institutional Economics
"The Europeanization of German Climate Change Policy"
No full text[From the introduction]. Throughout the series of international negotiations leading to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, Germany, along with the European Union (EU), have been at the forefront of efforts to address the challenges of global warming. In October 1990, for example, the European Community (EC) adopted a target of stabilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at 1990 levels by the year 2000 – a position pushed, in part, by the German and like-minded European governments to give them greater influence in those international climate change negotiations. In advance of the third conference of the parties (COP3) to the FCCC, the European Union called for a 15 percent cut in CO2 emissions by 2010. This EU target was based on a burden-sharing arrangement in which Germany was a major contributor—a 25 percent reduction in domestic CO2 emissions, which translated into an estimated 80 percent of total EU reductions. In the aftermath of the compromise reached at Kyoto, the burden-sharing arrangements negotiated within the EU called for Germany to undertake a 21 percent domestic cut in emissions of the basket of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) stipulated in the Kyoto Protocol. Clearly, Germany has been an important player in the global climate change negotiations and is central to the commitments assumed by the EU under the Kyoto Protocol – in the absence of substantial reductions of GHG emissions by Germany, the EU has little chance of meeting its international obligations. The core question to be addressed in this paper is the degree to which the EU has been able to influence the adoption and implementation of global climate change policy at the national level. More specifically, using an analytic framework informed by the literature on “Europeanization,” the paper will first assess the extent to which membership in the EU has shaped German climate change policy. Attention will then turn to the identification of mechanisms that help explain domestic change, taking care to separate the role of the EU from other potential influences
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in a Carbon Constrained World: The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage
No full textIn a carbon constrained world, at least four classes of greenhouse gas mitigation options are available: Energy efficiency, fuel switching, introduction of carbon dioxide capture and storage along with renewable generating technologies, and reductions in emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases. The role of energy technologies is considered crucial in climate change mitigation. In particular, carbon capture and storage (CCS) promises to allow for low-emissions fossil-fuel based power generation. The technology is under development; a number of technological, economic, environmental and safety issues remain to be solved. With regard to its sustainability impact, CCS raises a number of questions: On the one hand, CCS may prolong the prevailing coal-to-electricity regime and countervail efforts in other mitigation categories. On the other hand, given the indisputable need to continue using fossil fuels for some time, it may serve as a bridging technology towards a sustainable energy future. In this paper, we discuss the relevant issues for the case of Germany. We provide a survey of the current state of the art of CCS and activities, and perform an energy-environment-economic analysis using a general equilibrium model for Germany. The model analyzes the impact of introducing carbon constraints with respect to the deployment of CCS, to the resulting greenhouse gas emissions, to the energy and technology mix and with respect to interaction of different mitigation efforts. The results show the relative importance of the components in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Germany. For example, under the assumption of a CO2 policy, both energy efficiency and CCS will contribute to climate gas mitigation. A given climate target can be achieved at lower marginal costs when the option of CCS is included. We conclude that, given an appropriate legal and policy framework, CCS, energy efficiency and some other mitigation efforts are complementary measures and should form part of a broad mix of measures required for a successful CO2 mitigation strategy.
Praetorius, N. (2001a) Précis for multiple review of "Principles of Cognition, Language and Action", Psycoloquy, 12(027).
No full textThe book exposes serious flaws in the reductionist assumptions of Mind and Matter of Naturalism and Constructivism, which underlie research and theorizing on cognition, language and action within current academic psychology. The author argued for alternative tenable assumptions about the relation between mental and material reality which, as a matter of principle, must be taken for granted, and be the point of departure for all further investigations into both reality and our descriptions of it. It is the intention to show that the assumptions and principles derived from the arguments in the book offer a consistent foundation for a science of psychology. Furthermore, it seems that they open up new and straightforward ways of dealing with key-issues of truth and intentionality, subjectivity and objectivity, of relevance to psychology, philosophy and the humanities
Syntagma Musicum II: De Organographia, Parts III – V with Index
No full textMichael Praetorius (1571–1621) achieved distinction as a practicing musician: as organist and Kapellmeister at Wolfenbüttel, Dresden and Magdeburg, and (in his later years) by incessant travel to fulfill commissions at various central German courts. Amid his travels Praetorius found time to publish an impressive series of collections of musical compositions, in all more than a thousand works. Praetorius’s three-volume Syntagma musicum (Musical Encyclopedia) belongs to the last years of his life. Volume I, Musicae artis analecta (1614/15, in Latin), treats principles and practices of religious music, from a decidedly Lutheran perspective. Volume II, De organographia (1619, in German) deals with musical instruments, in particular with the organ. Volume III, Termini musici (1619, in German) explores the practice of music, both improvisation and composition. The Syntagma musicum is the first comprehensive treatment of music in the German language.
The publication before you is the first English translation of Volume II, Parts III–V, specifically on the organ. Its belated appearance would have puzzled Praetorius, who declares the organ to be “a perfect (indeed one might also say ‘most perfect’) musical instrument … which … takes pride of place above all other musical instruments, most of which can be incorporated into this single instrument.” This work includes: A precise description of ancient and modern organs, their manual and pedal keyboards, bellows, stoplists, and various kinds of stops, as well as how to tune regals and harpsichords easily and precisely; and what to consider when accepting a [newly‑built] organ, together with an appended detailed table …
This edition shows the German original on the left and the English translation on the facing right-hand pages. Translator Dr. Quentin Faulkner is Larson Professor of Organ and Music Theory/History (emeritus) at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Dr Faulkner holds the degrees B.Mus. cum laude from Westminster Choir College, M.S.M. and M.Th. from Southern Methodist University, and S.M.D. from Union Theological Seminary. He is the author of J. S. Bach’s Keyboard Technique: A Historical Introduction (1984) and Wiser Than Despair: The Evolution of Ideas in the Relationship of Music and the Christian Church (1996), and the translator of Jacob Adlung’s Musica mechanica organoedi • Musical mechanics for the organist (2011). He was formerly an organist at the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in New York City.https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/1023/thumbnail.jp
Treble Choir, December 9, 1976
No full textRecorded during a live performance at Kanley Chapel, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, December 9, 1976, program no. 87 of the Department of Music's 1976-1977 season.Treble Choir, Will Hahnenberg, conductor ; with various student soloists, instrumentalists, and conductors.Coronation anthems. No. 4, Let thy hand be strengthened / George Frideric Handel (Diana Reinhardt, organ) -- Trilogy for women's voices. (3:46) Fall, leaves fall ; (6:51) Rough wind that moanest loud ; (8:10) The sigh that heaves the grasses / Houston Bright ; texts based on the poetry of Percy Bysshe Shelley and Emily Bronte -- (10:31) Magnificat / Ralph Vaughan Williams (Elizabeth Kuhn, contralto ; Rebecca Hughes, flute obligato ; Barbara Brenner, piano) -- (24:06) Fanfare for Christmas / Lloyd Pfautsch -- (26:13) Ave Maria / Jacob Arcadelt -- (29:18) Bells ring out joyfully / Norman Auerbach -- (32:26) Lo, how a rose e're blooming / Michael Praetorius -- (34:58) Was'n that a wonder / Spanish carol ; setting by Dale Barker -- (37:59) A la nanita nana / arranged by Norman Luboff -- (40:15) We wish you the merriest / Les Brown
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