863 research outputs found
Sweetners perception of polyols
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Ovarian Clear Cell Adenofibroma of Low Malignant Potential developing into Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
No full textOvarian clear cell adenofibroma is uncommon, and borderline clear cell adenofibroma (low malignant potential) is extremely rare. Borderline clear cell adenofibromas may represent the precursor lesion of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary, but this has not been established. We present a case of a woman in her mid-fifties with a clear cell adenofibroma ranging from benign to borderline to frankly invasive. While some clear cell adenocarcinomas are thought to arise from endometriosis, this range of findings supports the theory that some ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas originate from borderline tumors.Peer reviewe
Scoping study of research trends on Nili Ravi buffalo applying scientometric analysis and network visualization
No full textThe study elucidates scientometric analysis of published scientific communications on Nili Ravi buffalo in journal(s) for having an appraisal of status-quo of the research and scientific activities. Metadata of 383 articles retrieved from Scopus were analysed to identify the most productive author(s), institution(s) vis-a-vis countries and to ascertain their collaboration trends. Keyword based analysis was performed to provide an overview of the strength areas of research on Nili Ravi for better comprehension. The results revealed that the research efforts on Nili Ravi were discernible after the year 2005. All except 1.30% articles have been an outcome of the collaborative authorship. There were only few productive authors with ≥10 records, but others contributed on the subject occasionally. Nearly 90% of the articles have been contributed by Pakistan and its' authors have worked in close collaboration with scientists from United Kingdom, United States of America, China, Canada, and South Korea. They also have conjoint symbiosis on academic/research endavours on Nili Ravi with experts from Austria, Netherlands, India, Germany, Italy, and Australia. Twelve leading institutions contributed to ≥10 articles. Publication outcome of the Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan; Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan and Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan has higher Relative Citation Impact (RCI), making it obvious that their publication(s) have wider acceptance amongst scientific populace. Most productive vis-à-vis impactful journals publishing articles on Nili Ravi have also been identified
Massive Cellular Angiofibroma of the Vulva
No full textCellular angiofibromas of the vulva are uncommon, and usually small and circumscribed. A massive cellular angiofibroma extending into the pelvis is described.Peer reviewe
Ghana's labor market (1987-92)
No full textUsing the household survey and other data sources, the authors analyze returns to education and other aspects of Ghana's labor market profile from 1987 to 1991. The labor force grew slower than the population did between 1980 and 1990, but the supply of labor is expected to increase as the population of youth is expected to grow faster from 1990 to 2000. And labor force participation rates for 26- to 45-year-olds have been increasing rapidly. Over time, the average labor force participation rates of women have become equal to men's; that of children younger than 15 has remained unchanged at 38 percent. More than half of Ghana's child laborers are employed in agriculture. The formal sector's share of employment is on the decline, while the private informal sector's share has increased, especially in urban areas. Over time, the informal sector (in which most workers have a primary education or less) has absorbed more labor than the formal sector (in which most workers have middle or secondary schooling). Unemployment is pervasive in urban areas, and is less visible in rural areas. Labor productivity may not have increased and is possibly declining. Between 1987 and 1992, there was reverse migration, with many people moving from urban to rural areas, mostly for family reasons. Employment-related migration has also been on the increase. As is true elsewhere, the level of education affects participation in the labor force. Literacy rates for women are lower than those for men, which is one reason men dominate the private formal sector. The rate of return to education increases with higher education and work experience. The return for each additional year of schooling rangesfrom 4 percent to 6 percent in Ghana, quite high for a Sub-Saharan African country. Private and social returns to education are greater for primary than for secondary or postsecondary education.Public Health Promotion,Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Policies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Economics&Finance,Labor Standards,Poverty Assessment
The value of intra-household survey data for age-based nutritional targeting
No full textThe object of this paper has been, first to develop a framework for upper-limit indicator targeting, and to illustrate it for age based targeting of nutrition interventions using data from the Philippines. Second, the authors provide quantitative estimates of the value of individual level information and of knowledge of the intra-household allocation of calories. For the sample, age proved to be a good indicator of undernutrition. However, this was not the case with household level calorie adequacy which rendered age less useful as a targeting instrument, at an often considerable calorie cost. Food sharing, on the other hand, truly rendered age less helpful as a targeting instrument because of within-household leakage. The authors conclude that the design of nutrition interventions can be very susceptible to the level of aggregation of available information. This is consistent with findings that while poverty or undernutrition rankings of groups defined on household level characteristics were not sensitive to the level of aggregation, the rankings of groups defined on individual characteristics were very sensitive. Perhaps the costs of collection of these intra-household data outweigh the benefits, but the experiments in this paper begin to answer questions about the costs of not collecting them.Poverty Lines,Youth and Governance,Science Education,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Health Monitoring&Evaluation
Heterogeneity, distribution, and cooperation in common property resource management
No full textThe report considers the role of group heterogeneity in the success or failure of common property resource management. The author argues that cooperative agreements are less likely to come about when agents are highly heterogeneous along relevant dimensions - and existing agreements are more likely to break down as a group becomes more heterogeneous. The author crystallizes his argument in simple numerical examples and illustrates by reference to case studies on common property resource management, in particular, cases involving fisheries and irrigation systems. More work is needed to substantiate the author's argument, but his analysis so far supports the argument that equity and efficiency complement rather than oppose each other.Agricultural Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Poverty Assessment,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies
Children and intra-household inequality : a theoretical analysis
No full textArguing that resources within the household are not allocated according to need, several researchers have tried to model intra-household allocative behavior. One group (1990) argued that as households become better off, intra-household inequality first increases then decreases. The behavior of intra-household inequality as household welfare improves is clearly important for policy, as interventions are often restricted to the household level - although the objective is to improve the welfare of the least-well-off individual. The author shows here that many of the tractable derivations of intra-household resource allocation are available in what might be called the"linear expenditure systems"framework. He analyzes the relationship between intra-household inequality and total household resources for models of intra-household allocation that lead to a linear expenditure reduced form. He then investigates three structural models : household welfare maximization; cooperative bargaining; and a noncooperative game with children as public goods. The author indicates how these models should be modified to produce reduced forms that are better represented in the evidence.Urban Housing,Poverty Lines,Environmental Economics&Policies,Inequality,Housing&Human Habitats
On the power laws of language: word frequency distributions
No full textAbout eight decades ago, Zipf postulated that the word frequency distribution of languages is a power law, i.e., it is a straight line on a log-log plot. Over the years, this phenomenon has been documented and studied extensively. For many corpora, however, the empirical distribution barely resembles a power law: when plotted on a loglog scale, the distribution is concave and appears to be composed of two differently sloped straight lines joined by a smooth curve. A simple generative model is proposed to capture this phenomenon. Theword frequency distributions produced by this model are shown to match the observations both analytically and empirically. © 2017 Copyright held by the owner/author(s)
A novel method for automatic separation of pulmonary crackles from normal breath sounds
No full textPulmonary crackles are an important physiological parameter for evaluating lung condition of an individual and usually determined at auscultation by conventional stethoscope. The presence of crackles is generally an early indication of the disease and their number per breath cycle can indicate the severity of the disease. A conventional stethoscope placed on the chest wall can identify the presence of crackles, but this approach is subjective and the accurate detection of crackles and the identification of their type (fine or coarse) is highly dependent on clinician hearing ability and expertise. The misinterpretation of crackles may lead to inappropriate treatment of the patient. Computer aided lung sound analysis (CALSA) using advanced signal processing techniques can provide an objective way of analysing recorded lung sounds and hence can play important role in diagnosing or monitoring pulmonary diseases. In this study, a novel crackle separation technique: iterative envelope mean fractal dimension (IEM-FD) filter is developed for automatically separating crackles from normal breath sounds. The separation of crackles from normal breath sounds is an initial processing stage which can lead to better estimation of crackle features such as number of crackles and two-cycle deflection. To test the crackle separation ability of the IEM-FD filter, a dataset was generated. The performance of the IEM-FD filter was compared with the selected previously published crackle separation techniques using the developed dataset. The experimental results show the proposed method can achieve high accuracy for the number of crackles identified with low computational cost, better quality of crackle separation (less over or underestimation), and good preservation of crackle morphology and hence it may be useful in a clinical setting for determining number of crackles and characteristics of crackles in a recorded lung sound. The proposed IEM-FD filter is applied to two different datasets: (a) longitudinal dataset recorded from 19 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients in 7 visits (every visit in 2 months) over a 1 year time period and (b) Cross-sectional dataset recorded from 55 subjects who were referred for a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest for various clinical indications. In the longitudinal study application of the IEM-FD filter prior to counting the number of crackles present, allowed evaluation of the association between number of crackles per breath cycle (NOC/BC) and reproducible acoustic features directly generated from the original signal. In this study, it was found that some of these acoustic features were directly associated with NOC/BC therefore might be useful for monitoring progression of IPF. In the cross-sectional study, the IEM-FD filter was applied as a first stage of an automatic crackle counting system which can be used for differentiating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients from patients with other types of pulmonary pathology based on the average NOC/BC. The diagnosis given by two radiologists using the HRCT scan was used as a gold standard for classifying IPF and non-IPF groups. The ability of the automatic system to differentiate IPF patients from non-IPF patients was compared with the individual and average assessment by two respiratory physicians based on listening for the presence of Velcro crackles. Velcro crackles are generally considered as an early clue to the presence of fibrosis. The results show that the automatic system can perform as well as the expert physicians’ assessments and hence could support the auscultatory findings of lung sounds in less specialist clinics. In both the longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, in each recorded lung sound file the number of breathing cycles was audio-visually marked by the Author with the help of open access Audacity software. Audio-visual marking is a highly time-consuming process, therefore a new automatic breath cycle detection method based on the estimation of breathing phases was developed. The performance of the method was tested using both the longitudinal and crosssectional datasets, and a dataset recorded from 10 healthy subjects in 7 visits (each visit in 2 months) over a period of 1 year. The promising results show the possibility of the developed algorithm as an automatic method for breath cycle detection in lung sound recordings
- …
