75 research outputs found
Visualization of multi-organ toxicity induced by pristine graphene in zebrafish(Danio rerio) model
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Developmental toxicity induced by particulate matter (PM2.5) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) model
No full textContemporary research in epidemiology has found that being exposed to air pollution at an early stage of life has associations with both acute and chronic conditions of the multi-organs. Nevertheless, the reasons for this have yet to be fully explained. Because of this there is a need for a robust investigation into the damaging toxic influence of diesel particulate matter (PM2.5) on living organisms. This study is aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity of PM2.5 by using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo/larvae as a disease model and to understand the toxicity effects of PM2.5 on ecological environment more thoroughly. This research demonstrates that being exposed to PM2.5 leads to a significant increase in mortality, effective developmental morphology, reductions in hatching rates and lower heart rates in zebrafish. Additionally, it leads to increases in the length of string heart, area of pericardium, and apoptosis, reduces the number of normal intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and motor neurons in the trunk region and liver formation defects in zebrafish embryos. Investigation employing a scanning electron microscope demonstrates that being exposed to PM2.5 leads to damage in zebrafish larvae skin cell layers. Histological analysis demonstrates that when these larvae are treated with PM2.5 then abnormalities occur in the neurons, liver, heart, gills, brain, and eyes, and remarkable increase in in the cellular/subcellular levels of organelle dissolution. These findings are useful to help us understand the pathophysiological influence of being exposed to PM2.5 on the multi-organ defects of zebrafish. More research into which particular elements that make up diesel pollution contribute to this toxicity is needed so that the dangers to development can be further analysed.11Nsciescopu
Pristine graphene and graphene oxide induce multi-organ defects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae/juvenile: an in vivo study
No full textGraphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have been widely used in various fields nowadays. However, they are reported to be highly toxic to some aquatic organisms. However, the multi-organ toxicity caused by pristine graphene (pG) and graphene oxide (GO) to the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae or juvenile and the underlying mechanisms is not fully known. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of pG and GO with environmental concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μg/L of pG; 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/mL of GO) on multi-organ system in developing zebrafish larvae was experimentally assessed. The pG and GO were found to accumulate in the brain tissue that also caused significant changes in the heart beat and survival rate. The sizes of hepatocytes were reduced. Altered axonal integrity, affecting axon length and pattern in “Tg(mbp:eGFP) transgenic lines” was also observed. In addition, the results indicated pathological effects in major organs and with disrupted mitochondrial structure was quite obvious. The pG and GO bioaccumulation leads to multi organ toxicity in zebrafish larvae. In future, the existence of the current study can be extrapolated to other aquatic system in general and in particularly to humans.11Nsciescopu
SUB-LETHAL TOXICITY OF POTASSIUM CYANIDE ON NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS): BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE
Get PDFObjective: The present study was carried out to investigate the influences of sublethal toxicity of potassium cyanide (KCN) exposure to Oreochromis niloticus with special reference to blood biochemistry.Methods: Three groups of fish (25 in each group) were treated with different concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L KCN for 2 weeks. The Blood samples were drawn after 2 weeks of exposure and serum biochemical analysis including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, and albumin activities were measured.Results: KCN exposure at both concentrations caused significant (P<0.05) elevation of AST and LDH activities and creatinine concentration as compared to the control. Indeed, ALT, ALP and glucose levels in the fish treated with 0.2 mg/L KCN were significantly higher than those levels from controls. On the other hand, the biochemical parameters including GGT, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin did not change significantly following cyanide exposure.Conclusion: The current study has clearly indicated the alterations in some of the measured serum biochemical parameters which reflect tissue damages, especially in liver and kidney, due to chronic cyanide intoxication in Oreochromis niloticus and may be used for better understanding the pathophysiology of this toxicity and as an aid in the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning in fishes.Â
Histopathological and ultrastructural alterations reveal the toxicity of particulate matter (PM2.5) in adult zebrafish
No full text11Yothe
The neuropsychiatric aspects of influenza/swine flu: A selective review
No full textThe world witnessed the influenza virus during the seasonal epidemics and pandemics. The current strain of H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic is believed to be the legacy of the influenza pandemic (1918-19). The influenza virus has been implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. In view of the recent pandemic, it would be interesting to review the neuropsychiatric aspects of influenza, specifically swine flu. Author used popular search engine ′PUBMED′ to search for published articles with different MeSH terms using Boolean operator (AND). Among these, a selective review of the published literature was done. Acute manifestations of swine flu varied from behavioral changes, fear of misdiagnosis during outbreak, neurological features like seizures, encephalopathy, encephalitis, transverse myelitis, aseptic meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and Guillian-Barre Syndrome. Among the chronic manifestations, schizophrenia, Parkinson′s disease, mood disorder, dementia, and mental retardation have been hypothesized. Further research is required to understand the etiological hypothesis of the chronic manifestations of influenza. The author urges neuroscientists around the world to make use of the current swine flu pandemic as an opportunity for further research
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