1,720,980 research outputs found
Variance estimates of poverty and inequality measures in Albania
No full textThe objective of the research reported in this paper is to contribute to the development of methodology and practical tools for computing sampling errors and design effects for complex statistics based on complex sampling designs, specifically sampling error of measures of poverty and inequality. It is taken as given that for the "typical" social surveys, based on reasonably large samples but with complex designs, the applicability of at least two broad approaches is generally well established in the literature-namely, the approaches based on Taylor linearization, and on resampling such as Jackknife Repeated Replication (JRR). This research has concentrated on elaborating the necessary details and developing software for their practical application by researchers who are not necessarily experts in the field of complex variance estimation
Hyperelliptic continued fractions in the singular case of genus zero
No full textGiven a polynomial of even degree D(t) with complex coefficients, we consider the continued fraction expansion of root D(t). In this setting, it has been shown by Zannier that the sequence of the degrees of the partial quotients of the continued fraction expansion of root D(t) is eventually periodic, even when the expansion itself is not. In this article, we work out in detail the case in which the curve y(2) = D(t) has genus 0, establishing explicit geometric conditions corresponding to the appearance of partial quotients of certain degrees in the continued fraction expansion. We also showthat there are non-trivial polynomials D(t) with non-periodic expansions such that infinitely many partial quotients have degree greater than one
Air pollution from ships in ports: The socio-economic benefit of cold-ironing technology
No full textThe global environmental impact of air pollution from international shipping is increasing despite regulatory measures to curb the rise. According to European Environmental Agency forecasts, NOx emissions from international shipping in European waters are projected to increase and could be equal to that of land-based sources by 2020. Since 2010, the sulphur content in fuel used by hoteling vessels in EU ports has been subject to EU directive 2005/33/EC, which requires a maximum sulphur content of 0.1%. For gas oil, this requirement has applied since 2008.
This paper addresses the socioeconomic impact of harmful air emissions from hoteling cruise ships with special emphasis on NOx, SOx and Particulate Matter (PM). The aim of the paper is to quantify the socioeconomic benefit from the perspective of society in terms of external health cost by offering a cost-benefit analysis of the potential positive effect of introducing cold-ironing technology at the new cruise ship pier in Copenhagen, Denmark
The development of a policy framework to mitigate underwater noise pollution from commercial vessels: the role of ports
No full textShipping is the most fuel-efficient type of transportation and plays a significant role in global trade. However, it has negative externalities. With the projected growth of shipping, the potential for low-frequency noise will increase along with its negative effects, such as impacts on marine species. For example, its intensity has been doubling in the North Pacific Ocean every decade for the past 60 years.Underwater noise pollution is not visible. Therefore, a scientific approach and data collection are required to raise awareness and demonstrate its negative impacts. While societal awareness in respect of other pollutants, such as oil, dangerous goods, noxious liquids substances, sewage, plastic, and air, has been raised and they have been regulated, society is not yet familiar with underwater noise pollution and, accordingly, there is no international legally binding instrument to regulate it. Ports are key interfaces between maritime transportation and land and they play a crucial role as one of the main stakeholders in the shipping industry. At the same time, this key role can be extended to cover prevention, control, mitigation, and monitoring of UWN pollution by considering appropriate policies and mitigation measures. This paper strives to identify the gaps between the potential measures and the current situation in ports and to consider multi-interdisciplinary actions by developing the concept of an Under- Water Noise Management Plan (UWNMP) within Ports. This plan is also expected to contribute to the enhancement of sustainable development along with port and ocean governance
Poverty and Inequality Mapping in the Commonwealth of Dominica
No full textPoverty and inequality maps - spatial descriptions of the distribution
of poverty and inequality - are most useful to policy-makers and researchers
when they are finely disaggregated, that is when they want to
represent small geographic units, such as cities, municipalities, districts
or other administrative partitions of a country. In order to produce
poverty and inequality maps, living standard surveys covering income
or consumption are econometrically combined with data from censuses
or other sample surveys large enough to allow disaggregation of the
poverty and inequality estimates
Develop a holistic, systematic and transdisciplinary decision making framework in energy management of the ports; conceptual framework
No full textPoverty and inequality mapping in transition countries
No full textIn this paper we estimate various measures of poverty and inequality for
small administrative units in a Transition Country — Albania — and we
prepare the corresponding maps. Poverty and inequality maps — spatial
descriptions of the distribution of poverty and inequality — are most useful to
policymakers and researchers when they are finely disaggregated, i.e. when
they represent small geographic units, such as cities, municipalities, regions or
other administrative partitions of a country. We aim at performing poverty and
inequality mapping primarily using data from a Population Census, in
conjunction with an intensive small scale national sample survey. The
methodology adopted, described in Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003),
combines census and survey information to produce finely disaggregated
maps. The basic idea is to estimate a linear regression model with local
variance components using information from the smaller and richer sample
data - in the case of Albania the Living Standard Measurement Study (LSMS)
conducted in 2002 — in conjunction with aggregate information from the
2001 Population and Housing Census. The main findings of research are
potentially very useful for policymakers. We find that in Albania there is
considerable heterogeneity of poverty rates across administrative units. The
particular spatial pattern of this heterogeneity has important policy
implications for poverty alleviation programmes: at the highest level we
observe a large spatial heterogeneity among Prefectures; this spatial
heterogeneity is much less pronounced among Districts within the same
Prefecture; however, it is pronounced again at the lowest level among
Municipalities within the same District. What this means for the practitioner
and the policymaker is that it is important to disaggregate down to the
Commune level when analysing issues and planning interventions, as this will
add substantially in terms of precision of the targeting of resources when
compared to stopping at the District leve
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