172,239 research outputs found
The construction of the risk of falling among and by older people
No full textRisk is frequently invoked in contemporary accounts of ill health, but its construction is often constrained by a rationalist perspective that focuses on physical causes and functional outcomes, and that presents risk as external to the self and predictable. This paper describes an empirical study of the ways in which risk was realised and managed in a day hospital for older people. An ethnographic approach, with participant observation and semi-structured interviews, and discourse analysis were used to explore these issues with the staff and fifteen users. Whilst the service providers were orientated to the management of physical risk, as through the regimes for administering medication and their attention to risk reduction in the physical environment, the service users were more concerned with the risk to their personal and social identities, and they more frequently described its manifestations in inter-personal exchanges, sometimes as infantalisation and stereotyping. The paper develops this understanding of the potential for falls among older people to elucidate a broader interpretation of risk, and reveals that it is commonly constructed as a challenge to a person's self-image and identity. Such constructions help to explain older people's responses to complex health problems and to the services and treatments that attempt to solve them
Navigating multiple research identities: reflexivity in discourse analytic research
No full textContents Part I: Introducing Reflexivity - Introduction;Chapter 1. The reflexive journey, mapping by multiple routes;Chapter 2. Deconstructing reflexivity;Part II: Personal Reflexivity - Introduction;Chapter 3. Necessary subjectivity: exploiting researcher's motives, passions and prejudices in pursuit of answering the 'true' questions;Chapter 4. Three journeys towards reflexivity;Chapter 5. Navigating multiple research identities: reflexivity in discourse analytic research;Chapter 6. Doing reflexivities? Dilemmas in developing a critically reflexive position using discourse analysis;Chapter 7. Reflexivity as presence: a journey of self-inquiry;Part III: Reflexivity Within Relationships IntroductionChapter 8. Through the looking glass: inter-subjectivity and hermeneutic reflection;Chapter 9. Analysing the interviewer: the joint construction of accounts of psychotic experience;Chapter 10. Reflexivity, 'bias' and the in-depth interview: developing shared meanings;Chapter 11. Shifting researcher positions during a group interview study: a reflexive analysis and review;Part IV: Reflexivity Through Collaboration IntroductionChapter 12. Doing reflexivity: a collaborative, narrative approach;Chapter 13. Shifting identities: the negotiation of meanings between texts and between persons;Chapter 14. Researcher as storyteller and performer: parallels with playback theatre;Chapter 15. Using reflexivity to looses theoretical and organisational knots within participatory action research;Chapter 16. Holding up the mirror to widen the view: multiple subjectivities in the reflexive team;EpilogueChapter 17: The next turn: reflexively analysing reflexive research
Modelling double strand break susceptibility to interrogate structural variation in cancer
No full textStructural variants (SVs) are known to play important roles in a variety of cancers, but their origins and functional consequences are still poorly understood. The nonrandom distributions of these variants across tumour genomes are often assumed to reflect selective processes, but, as with single nucleotide variants, SV mutation rates often reflect the underlying chromatin and other features at a locus. Inferring which SVs may be under selection in tumourigenesis therefore remains challenging, though identifying such variants may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Many SVs are thought to emerge via errors in the repair processes following DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and a variety of studies have experimentally measured DSB frequencies across the genome in cell lines. Using these data we derive the first quantitative genome-wide models of DSB susceptibility, based upon underlying chromatin and sequence features. These models provide high predictive accuracy and novel insights into the mutational mechanisms generating DSBs. Models trained in one cell type can be successfully applied to others, but a substantial proportion of DSBs appear to reflect cell type specific processes. We also show that regions harboring unusually high tumour SV breakpoint frequencies occur within well modeled regions of the genome but often display DSB frequencies inconsistent with DSB model predictions. Using model predictions as a proxy for susceptibility to DSBs in tumours, many SV hotspots appear to be poorly explained by selectively neutral mutational bias alone. A substantial number of hotspots show unexpectedly high SV breakpoint frequencies given their predicted susceptibility to mutation, and are therefore credible targets of positive selection in tumours. These putatively positively selected hotspots are enriched for genes previously shown to be oncogenic. In contrast, several hundred regions across the genome show unexpectedly low levels of SVs, given their relatively high susceptibility to mutation. These novel ‘coldspot’ regions appear to be subject to purifying selection in tumours and are enriched for active promoters and enhancers. We conclude that models of DSB susceptibility offer a rigorous approach to the inference of SVs putatively subject to selection in tumours
Dedication of Bruce Field, Ballinger, Texas
No full textDedication of Bruce Field at Ballinger, Texas. Alex Cobden, Fort Worth, Texas, left, formerly of Ballinger, and Mayor C. P. Shepherd of Ballinger, Texas, right.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_startelegram1940s/15894/thumbnail.jp
Characteristics of outdoor falls among older people: A qualitative study
No full textBackground Falls are a major threat to older people’s health and wellbeing. Approximately half of falls occur in outdoor environments but little is known about the circumstances in which they occur. We conducted a qualitative study to explore older people’s experiences of outdoor falls to develop understanding of how they may be prevented. Methods We conducted nine focus groups across the UK (England, Wales, and Scotland). Our sample was from urban and rural settings and different environmental landscapes. Participants were aged 65+ and had at least one outdoor fall in the past year. We analysed the data using framework and content analyses. Results Forty-four adults aged 65 – 92 took part and reported their experience of 88 outdoor falls. Outdoor falls occurred in a variety of contexts, though reports suggested the following scenarios may have been more frequent: when crossing a road, in a familiar area, when bystanders were around, and with an unreported or unknown attribution. Most frequently, falls resulted in either minor or moderate injury, feeling embarrassed at the time of the fall, and anxiety about falling again. Ten falls resulted in fracture, but no strong pattern emerged in regard to the contexts of these falls. Anxiety about falling again appeared more prevalent among those that fell in urban settings and who made more visits into their neighbourhood in a typical week. Conclusions This exploratory study has highlighted several aspects of the outdoor environment that may represent risk factors for outdoor falls and associated fear of falling. Health professionals are recommended to consider outdoor environments as well as the home setting when working to prevent falls and increase mobility among older people
The circumstances of falls among people with Parkinson's disease and the use of Falls Diaries to facilitate reporting
No full textPurpose: falls are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Falls Diaries are one way of recording fall frequency and the surrounding circumstances; completing them encourages recall, and their content focuses intervention. We reviewed the diaries completed by people with PD during a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of fall prevention to ascertain the key circumstances surrounding falls.Method: we asked independently mobile, cognitively intact people with a diagnosis of PD to maintain a Falls Diary throughout a six-month RCT. We sent monthly diary sheets on which to answer questions about the 'Location', 'Fall-related activity', 'Perceived cause', 'Landing' and 'Consequences' of every fall. We coded responses and counted frequencies.Results: of the 142 RCT participants (mean age 72 years; mean years since diagnosis 8), 135 completed the trial and their diary. We excluded 11 (8%) for missing data and/or unintelligible writing. The 124 remaining diaries recorded 639 falls: 80% happened at home, commonly in bedrooms, living areas, kitchens and gardens. Fallers had been ambulant in 45% of events, standing in 32% and transferring in 21%. Six 'activity-cause combinations' accounted for 55% of falls (tripping 13%; freezing, festination and retropulsion 11%; and postural instability when bending or reaching 9%, transferring 8%, walking 7% and washing or dressing 7%). Misjudgement and distraction played a part in 12% of falls described.Conclusions: of over 600 falls surveyed, most happened at home, provoked by postural instability, tripping and freezing. Environmental adaptation and cognitive training should be trialled in falls prevention in PD, plus or minus traditional movement rehabilitation. Most participants completed Falls Diaries successfully. We advocate diary use, with follow-up interviews, in research and clinically. People with handwriting difficulty may require a typed diary, proxy diarist or intervie
United States $20.00 (twenty dollars) national currency
No full textRecto (L) 'Hugh McCulloch'; Verso (C) Union and CivilizationThis $20.00 National Bank Note was issued in Ballinger in 1906 by the First National Bank of Ballinger. Bank serial number: 6345. Treasury serial number: Z462359A.W. T. Vernon Register of the Treasury.; Chas. H. Treat Treasurer of the United States.; R [illegible] Cashier.; [illegible] President
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