102,918 research outputs found
Istologia e anatomia microscopica dei mammiferi domestici e degli uccelli - Hans-Georg Liebich - I edizione sulla V tedesca
No full textTesto-Atlante a colori per lo studio e la professione - Edizione Italiana a cura di C. Ballarin e G. Radaell
Supported gold nanoparticles catalysts for alkynes hydroamination.
No full textOur research group has previously reported the preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) supported on different functionalized silica supports. We started using commercial polyethyleneimine-functionalized silica bead [1] and we continued preparing silica nanoparticles functionalized with alkynyl carbamate moieties. [2]
Recently, we have focused on the straightforward synthesis of AuNPs anchored on commercial, micrometric oxide supports (i.e. SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2) previously modified with the di-functional organosilane [3-(2-propynylcarbamate)propyl]triethoxysilane (PPTEOS) by a grafting procedure. After being thoroughly characterized by several complementary techniques (XPS, TEM, SSNMR, AAS etc.), the catalytic activity of these systems (Au/OS@Yne) has been evaluated in the oxidation of alcohols both in batch and continuous-flow systems. [3]
Furthermore, we have extended the same synthetic procedure to the preparation of a novel and magnetically recoverable catalyst, consisting of AuNPs supported on functionalized nano-magnetite (Au/Fe3O4@Yne).
We now present the latest results obtained in the study of the catalytic application of Au/SiO2@Yne and Au/Fe3O4@Yne in the alkynes hydroamination reaction, which is considered the most atom efficient process for the formation of a series of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Indeed, this transformation takes place without the formation of any side product and leads to the production of enamine, imine or substituted amines, which have a significant importance as bulk and fine chemicals or building blocks in organic synthesis.
[1] S. Fazzini , D. Nanni , B. Ballarin , M. C. Cassani , M. Giorgetti , C. Maccato, A. Trapananti, G. Aquilanti and S. I. Ahmed, J. Phys. Chem. C. 2012, 116, 25434−25443; M. Giorgetti, G. Aquilanti, B. Ballarin, M. Berrettoni, M. C. Cassani, S. Fazzini, D. Nanni and D. Tonelli, Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 6873-6880;
[2] S. Fazzini, M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, E. Boanini, J. S. Girardon, A.S. Mamede, A. Mignani and D. Nanni, J. Phys. Chem. C. 2014, 118, 24538-24547; M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, E. Bonansegna, G. Carraro, S. Fazzini, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, D. Pinelli, RSC Adv. 2016, 6, 25780-25788.
[3] B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, M. C. Cassani, P. Dambruoso, A. Massi, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, C. Parise, A. Zaghi, ACS Sus. Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 4746-4756
Domitius culsu Ballarin 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <b> <i>Domitius culsu</i> Ballarin sp. nov.</b> </p> <p>Figures 1 A‒G, 2A‒E, 3A‒D.</p> <p> <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i> Brignoli, 1979: 214 (misidentification)</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype ♂. ITALY, <i>Toscana</i>: Garfagnana area, Lucca Province, Coreglia Antelminelli Municipality, Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave, 141/T/LU, 260m a.s.l., 44.046336°N 10.523525°E, 21.VIII.2018, leg. F. Ballarin and D. Avesani (MSNV).</b> <b>Paratypes</b>. Same locality as the holotype, 1♀, 04.IX.1967, leg. A. Vigna Taglianti (MSNV) (Brignoli 1979, sub <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i>); 1♀, 15.VIII.2015, leg. F. Ballarin and M. Gaiga (MSNV); 4♀♀, 24.VI.2017, (3♀♀ collected as juveniles and raised in captivity, adults: 20.VIII.2017, 15.IX.2017 and 28.VI.2018 respec- tively), leg. F. Ballarin and R. Ballarin (MSNV); 4♀♀, 21.VIII.2018, leg. F. Ballarin and D. Avesani (MSNV, MSNB).</p> <p> a New Sequences.</p> <p> <b>Examined comparative material. <i>Domitius speluncarum</i> (Pavesi, 1873): ITALY: <i>Liguria</i></b> : 1♂, 1♀, (topotypes), La Spezia Province, Grotta Bocca Lupara cave, 74/Li/SP, 120m a.s.l., 05.III.1969, leg. P.M. Brignoli (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); <i>Toscana</i>: 1♀, Lucca Province, Garfagnana area, Villa Collemandina Municipality, Canigiano village, Tana di Magnano cave, 162/T/LU, 653m a.s.l., 44.177285°N, 10.38803°E, 03.XI.1967, leg. A. Vigna Taglianti (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971), 1♀, 01.VIII.1975, leg. P. Magrini (MSNV), 4♀♀, 14.VIII.2015, leg. F. Ballarin and M. Gaiga (MSNV); 1♀, Forno- volasco (not reported in the label but very likely from Grotta del Vento cave), 700m a.s.l., 16.VI.1970, leg. O. Osella (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); 1♀, Grotta del Buggine cave, 166/T/Lu, 315m a.s.l., 07.X.1967, leg. G. Castellini (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); 1♀, Massa-Carrara, Buca della Freddana cave, 230/T/Ms, 550m a.s.l., 05.VI.1977, leg. C. Bonzano (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1985); 1♀, Buca del Bacile cave, 226/T/Ms, 10.III.1975, leg. unknown (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1985).</p> <p> <b> <i>Domitius menozzii</i> (di Caporiacco, 1934): ITALY, <i>Liguria</i></b> , 1♂, 4♀♀, north-east of Genova town, Tanna da Vulpe cave, 264/Li/GE, 23.XI.1969, leg. A. Vigna Taglianti (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1971); 2♂♂, 2♀♀, Creto, Tanna de Fate cave, 17/ Li/GE, 30.X.1971, leg. G. Gardini (MSNV); 2♀♀ (topotypes), Prati di Bavari locality, Tanna da Suja cave, 5/Li/GE, 582m a.s.l., 44.422894°N, 09.035239°E, 30.V.2013, leg. F. Ballarin, A. Trotta, G. Gardini, and S. Zoia.</p> <p> <b> <i>Domitius sbordonii</i> (Brignoli, 1979): ITALY, <i>Lazio</i></b> , 1♂ (holotype), Frosinone Province, Supino, Valle Serena, Grot- ta della Croce cave, 01.IX.1977 leg. V. Sbordoni (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1979); 1♀ (paratype), 08.II.1976, leg. V. Sbordoni (MSNV) (Brignoli, 1979).</p> <p> <b> <i>Kryptonesticus eremita</i> (Simon, 1880): ITALY, <i>Liguria</i>:</b> 2♂♂ (sub. <i>Nesticus menozzii</i>), Creto, Tanna de Fate cave, 17/Li/GE, 30.X.1971, leg. G. Gardini (MSNV); <i>Emilia-Romagna:</i> 2♀♀ Ravenna Province, Riolo Terme, Borgo Rivola, Grotta del Re Tiberio cave, 36/Er/RE. 19.II.1951, Leg. Denis (MSNV) (Zangheri, 1966, sub. <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i>); <b> <i>Toscana</i>:</b> 1♀ Garfagnana area, Lucca Province, Coreglia Antelminelli Municipality, Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antel- minelli cave, 141/T/LU, 260m a.s.l., 44.046336°N, 10.523525°E, 15.VIII.2015, leg. F. Ballarin and M. Gaiga (MSNV); 3♀♀, 24.VI.2017, Leg. F. Ballarin and R. Ballarin (MSNV-MSNVRAr/m 0007); 1♀, 21.VIII.2018, leg. F. Ballarin and D. Avesani (MSNV); <i>Campania:</i> 1♀, Avellino Province, Bagnoli Irpino, Mt. Piacentini, Grotta Giovannino cave, 16.VI.1956, leg. S.Ruffo (MSNV) (Kritscher, 1958, sub. <i>Nesticus speluncarum</i>).</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b></p> <p>The name of the new species is derived from the Etruscan goddess Culsu who, according to the Etruscan mytholo- gy, ruled the cave-like entrance of the underworld. Noun in apposition.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Species closely re- lated to D. speluncarum and D. menozzii. Males of D. culsu sp. nov. can be separated from males of all other Italian species of the genus Domitius by the different shape of the apophyses of the para- cymbium (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B,C vs. Fig. 4A‒I). D. culsu sp. nov shows a robust, S-shaped dorsal apophysis 1 in contrast with a large, flat and axe- like Da 1 in D. speluncar- um (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B, C vs. Fig. 4A‒C); a short and stumpy Da 1 in D. me- nozzii (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B, C vs. Fig. 4D‒F) or a long and thread-like Da 1 in D. sbordonii (Figs. 1A‒C, 2B, C vs. Fig. 4G‒I). Addi- tionally, males of D. culsu sp. nov. have a well-de- veloped, triangular medi- an apophysis, absent in males of the other three species (Figs. 1A, 2A vs. Fig. 4A, D, G).</p> <p>Female D. culsu sp. nov. can be easily distin- guished from female D. speluncarum by the nar- rower, trapezoid-shaped median septum with slant- ing edges, in contrast with the larger, lobate Ms with rounded edges in D. spe- luncarum (Figs. 1E, 2D vs. Fig. 5A). Female D. culsu sp. nov. are separated from female D. morisii by the absence of a bulge on the Ms (clearly visible in <i>D. morisii</i>, Figs. 1E, 2D vs. Fig. 5C). Additionally, they can be distinguished by the different shape of copulatory ducts when the vulva is observed dorsally: with a rather uniform diameter in <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. and bearing a large, flattened middle trait in <i>D. morisii</i> (Figs. 1G, 2E vs. Fig. 5D). Female <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. are easily sepa- rated from those of <i>D. sbordonii</i> by the trapezoid-shaped Ms with slanting edges, in contrast with the squared Ms with vertical edges in <i>D. sbordonii</i> (Figs. 1E, 2D vs. Fig. 5E). They can further be distinguished by the different position of spermathecae, located in the lower half of the vulva and below the vulval pockets in <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov., in contrast with S located in the upper half of vulva and above Vp in <i>D. sbordonii</i> (Figs. 1G, 2E vs. Fig. 5F). <b>Description. Male (holotype).</b> Total length 4.19. Carapace: 1.81 long, 1.56 wide.</p> <p>Habitus as in Fig. 3A. Carapace uniformly pale yellow with some sparse setae (more reddish while alive, see Fig. 3A). Cephalic region not clearly differentiated from the rest of carapace. Eyes reduced, AM missing, reduced to black maculae. Eye diameters: AM -, AL 0.079, PM 0.080, and PL 0.078. Thoracic grooves and fovea distinct. Mouthparts and sternum uniformly colored as the carapace. Promargin of chelicera with three teeth approximately of the same size, retromargin with several small denticles. Legs uniformly light yellowish. Legs measurements as follows: I 17.40 (4.89, 0.90, 4.78, 4.90, 1.93), II 14.03 (3.92, 0.80, 3.67, 3.76, 1.88), III 10.35 (3.19, 0.69, 2.53, 2.79, 1.15), IV 13.47 (4.34, 0.84, 3.53, 3.49, 1.27). Leg formula: I, II, IV, III. Opisthosoma gray-yellowish colored (lighter than carapace while alive, see Fig. 3A), covered with long hairs.</p> <p>Palp as in Figs. 1 A‒C, 2A-C. Cymbium oval, covered with short, sparse setae, with a tuft of longer hairs in the pro- lateral distal area near the tip. Embolus filamentous, slender in the terminal part. Conductor complex with three distinct processes: Cp 1-3. Cp 1 stocky and roughly triangularly shaped, Cp 2 and Cp 3 located at the distal part of the bulb and diagonally protruding (approx. 2 o’clock seeing the left palp ventrally), their tips curved towards each other (Figs. 1A, C, 2A, C). Median apophysis well-developed, shaped as a long, sharp triangle, heading prolaterally (Figs. 1A, 2A). Para- cymbium large with well-developed, sclerotized dorsal, distal and ventral processes. Two dorsal apophyses, Da 1-2: Da 1 robust and long, ending sharply, S-shaped when the palp is observed dorsally, Da 2 stocky, triangularly-shaped. Distal apophysis triangularly shaped. Ventral apophysis lobate, dorso-ventrally flattened and heading toward the cym- bium (Figs. 1 A‒C, 2A-C).</p> <p> <b>Female (based on 4 paratypes)</b>. Total length 3.65–5.27. Carapace: 1.71–1.98 long, 1.54–1.64 wide.</p> <p>Habitus as in Fig. 3B, C. Carapace uniformly yellowish with some sparse setae (often more reddish while alive, see Fig. 3B). Cephalic region not clearly differentiated from the rest of the prosoma.Eyes reduced, AM strongly reduced and bare- ly visible, reduced to small, dark maculae in some specimens. Eye diameters: AM (when present): 0.032, AL: 0.087, PM: 0.078, and PL: 0.77. Thoracic grooves and fovea distinct. Mouthparts and sternum uniformly colored as in the carapace. Teeth of chelicera as in the male. Legs uniformly light yellowish. Leg measurements as follows: I 17.07 (4.38, 1.01, 4.95, 4.90, 1.83), II 13.69 (4.04, 0.92, 3.57, 3.64, 1.52), III 10.46 (3.43, 0.80, 2.50, 2.56, 1.17), IV 13.89 (4.64, 0.92, 3.59, 3.41, 1.33). Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Opistho- soma yellowish-gray (often lighter colored than carapace while alive, see Fig. 3B), covered with long hairs.</p> <p>Epigyne as in Figs. 1E, F, 2D, E. Medi- an septum short, not protruding, shaped as an inverted trape- zoid with a narrower base. Vulval pockets and copulatory ducts externally visible by transparence trough the tegument. Copu- latory openings at the lower, lateral side of median septum. Vul- va as in Figs. 1G, 2E. Spermathecae small and round, located in the lower-half of the vulva, below vulval pockets and being partially covered by them. Vulval pockets wide and rounded, sac-shaped, located above spermathecae. Copulatory ducts with a wider diameter in the ventral trait and narrower in the dor- sal trait, rolling up around the lower part of vulval pockets and reaching spermathe- cae with some turns (Figs. 1F, 2E). Insem- ination ducts begin- ning from the lower part of spermathe- cae and following the same course of copu- latory ducts.</p> Distribution Italy, endemic to the northern Apennines. Known only from the type locality; Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave (Fig. 6). Biospeleological and ecological notes <p>The entrance of Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave (Italian National Caves Registry number: 141/T/LU; Fig. 3E) opens in the left bank of the narrow valley of Segone Creek in the Province of Lucca (Toscana region) at an elevation of 260 m a.s.l. The cave occurs in the limestone of the Maiolica formation (lower Tithonian‒lower Aptian, ~150–120 Ma), which is particularly rich in flint nodules. After an initial steep slope (approximately 10 m deep), the cave continues with a long and sub-horizontal spatial development and a general NW‒SE orientation (Fig. 3F). It branches with several, sub-circular tunnels as a result of ancient groundwater flows. The cave has an estimated total extension of 1100 m, although the deeper segments are still unexplored, as they are either filled with water or ending with sumps. The inner section is generally humid, with mud often covering the bottoms of the tunnels. The cave hosts a rich sub- terranean fauna including some endemic or locally protected species, e.g. the carnivorous land snail <i>Oxychilus</i> sp. (Gastropoda, Oxychilidae), the cave cricket <i>Dolichopoda laetitiae</i> Minozzi, 1920 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), the blind subterranean beetle <i>Duvalius apuanus lanzai</i> Straneo, 1943 (Coleoptera, Trechinae), the Italian cave salamander <i>Speleomantes italicus</i> (Dunn, 1923) (Amphibia, Plethodontidae), and three species of bats: the greater horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i> (Schreber, 1774), the lesser horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus hipposideros</i> (Bechstein, 1800) (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), and the common bent-wing bat <i>Miniopterus schreibersii</i> (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera, Miniop- teridae). Other animals known from the cave from the literature (Lanza, 1961) or directly observed by the author include: <i>Octodrilus complanatus</i> (Dugès, 1828), <i>O. hemiandrus (</i> Cognetti, 1901), <i>O. transpadanus</i> (Rosa, 1884), and <i>Aporrectodea rosea</i> (Savigny, 1826) (Anellida, Lumbricidae); <i>Chaetophiloscia cellaria</i> (Dollfus, 1884) (Isopoda, Philosciidae), <i>Androniscus dentiger</i> Verhoeff, 1908, and <i>Spelaeonethes mancinii</i> (Brian, 1913) (Isopoda, Trichoniscidae); <i>Euscorpius carpathicus</i> (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae); <i>Trogulus</i> sp. (Opiliones, Trogulidae), <i>Ischyropsalis</i> a <i>damii</i> Canestrini, 1873 (Opiliones, Ischyropsalididae); <i>Lithobius tylopus</i> Latzel, 1882 (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae), <i>Gryllomorpha dalmatina</i> (Ocskay, 1832) (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), <i>Hypaena</i> sp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), <i>Stenophylax permistus</i> Mc- Lachlan, 1895 (Tricoptera, Limnephilidae), and a large population of limoniid crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae). Near the entrance and in the early section of the cave, numerous spiders were also observed: <i>Amaurobius ferox</i> (Walckenaer, 1830), <i>A. pesarinii</i> Ballarin and Pantini, 2017 (Amaurobiidae), <i>Kryptonesticus eremita</i> (Simon, 1880) (Nesticidae), <i>Meta menardi</i> (Latreille, 1804), <i>Metellina merianae</i> (Scopoli, 1763) (Tetragnathidae), <i>Pholcus phalangioides</i> (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae), and <i>Tegenaria</i> sp. (Agelenidae). The new species was found in the initial segments of the cave, but at some distance from the entrance (Fig. 3F). During summer, when the cave was visited, adults, subadults, and juveniles of <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. were observed together, with a substantially higher number of adults and subadults during the month of August. Most of the juveniles collected in the cave and bred in captivity became adults after 2‒3 months of captivity, while it took approximately one year for the youngest specimens to reach sexual maturity.</p> <p>Two different species of nesticid spiders, <i>K. eremita</i> and <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov., were collected together in the Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave. These species cover a different spatial distribution within the cave (Fig. 3F), coexisting without overlapping despite occupying approximately the same ecological niche. Cohabitant nesticids, in particular involving <i>D. menozzii</i> or <i>D. speluncarum</i> together with <i>K. eremita</i>, have been previously observed in several occasions in Italian caves, and sometimes collected at short distances from each other (Brignoli, 1971). However, no clear species overlap are reported within the same cave. Such distinct spatial partition can be explained by the different grade of adaptation to the hypogean environment showed by these arachnids. In fact, <i>K. eremita</i> appears to be a less specialized cave-dweller, lacking extreme morphological adaptations to subterranean life. Therefore, it mostly occurs near the entrance of caves or inside artificial tunnels, including, occasionally, shadowed epigean habitats with constant temperature and high relative humidity (Brignoli, 1971 and personal observations by the author). On the other hand, all <i>Domitius</i> species show a greater degree of adaptation to the subterranean habitat, as suggested by reduction of the eyes and body depigmentation. Such strong adaptation allows <i>Domitius</i> to occupy deeper segments of the caves, thus avoiding direct competition with <i>K. eremita</i>.</p> <p>The entrance of Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave (Italian National Caves Registry number: 141/T/LU; Fig. 3E) opens in the left bank of the narrow valley of Segone Creek in the Province of Lucca (Toscana region) at an elevation of 260 m a.s.l. The cave occurs in the limestone of the Maiolica formation (lower Tithonian‒lower Aptian, ~150–120 Ma), which is particularly rich in flint nodules. After an initial steep slope (approximately 10 m deep), the cave continues with a long and sub-horizontal spatial development and a general NW‒SE orientation (Fig. 3F). It branches with several, sub-circular tunnels as a result of ancient groundwater flows. The cave has an estimated total extension of 1100 m, although the deeper segments are still unexplored, as they are either filled with water or ending with sumps. The inner section is generally humid, with mud often covering the bottoms of the tunnels. The cave hosts a rich sub- terranean fauna including some endemic or locally protected species, e.g. the carnivorous land snail <i>Oxychilus</i> sp. (Gastropoda, Oxychilidae), the cave cricket <i>Dolichopoda laetitiae</i> Minozzi, 1920 (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), the blind subterranean beetle <i>Duvalius apuanus lanzai</i> Straneo, 1943 (Coleoptera, Trechinae), the Italian cave salamander <i>Speleomantes italicus</i> (Dunn, 1923) (Amphibia, Plethodontidae), and three species of bats: the greater horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i> (Schreber, 1774), the lesser horseshoe bat <i>Rhinolophus hipposideros</i> (Bechstein, 1800) (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), and the common bent-wing bat <i>Miniopterus schreibersii</i> (Kuhl, 1817) (Chiroptera, Miniop- teridae). Other animals known from the cave from the literature (Lanza, 1961) or directly observed by the author include: <i>Octodrilus complanatus</i> (Dugès, 1828), <i>O. hemiandrus (</i> Cognetti, 1901), <i>O. transpadanus</i> (Rosa, 1884), and <i>Aporrectodea rosea</i> (Savigny, 1826) (Anellida, Lumbricidae); <i>Chaetophiloscia cellaria</i> (Dollfus, 1884) (Isopoda, Philosciidae), <i>Androniscus dentiger</i> Verhoeff, 1908, and <i>Spelaeonethes mancinii</i> (Brian, 1913) (Isopoda, Trichoniscidae); <i>Euscorpius carpathicus</i> (Linnaeus, 1767) (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae); <i>Trogulus</i> sp. (Opiliones, Trogulidae), <i>Ischyropsalis</i> a <i>damii</i> Canestrini, 1873 (Opiliones, Ischyropsalididae); <i>Lithobius tylopus</i> Latzel, 1882 (Chilopoda, Lithobiidae), <i>Gryllomorpha dalmatina</i> (Ocskay, 1832) (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), <i>Hypaena</i> sp. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), <i>Stenophylax permistus</i> Mc- Lachlan, 1895 (Tricoptera, Limnephilidae), and a large population of limoniid crane flies (Diptera, Limoniidae). Near the entrance and in the early section of the cave, numerous spiders were also observed: <i>Amaurobius ferox</i> (Walckenaer, 1830), <i>A. pesarinii</i> Ballarin and Pantini, 2017 (Amaurobiidae), <i>Kryptonesticus eremita</i> (Simon, 1880) (Nesticidae), <i>Meta menardi</i> (Latreille, 1804), <i>Metellina merianae</i> (Scopoli, 1763) (Tetragnathidae), <i>Pholcus phalangioides</i> (Fuesslin, 1775) (Pholcidae), and <i>Tegenaria</i> sp. (Agelenidae). The new species was found in the initial segments of the cave, but at some distance from the entrance (Fig. 3F). During summer, when the cave was visited, adults, subadults, and juveniles of <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov. were observed together, with a substantially higher number of adults and subadults during the month of August. Most of the juveniles collected in the cave and bred in captivity became adults after 2‒3 months of captivity, while it took approximately one year for the youngest specimens to reach sexual maturity.</p> <p>Two different species of nesticid spiders, <i>K. eremita</i> and <i>D. culsu</i> sp. nov., were collected together in the Tana delle Fate di Coreglia Antelminelli cave. These species cover a different spatial distribution within the cave (Fig. 3F), coexisting without overlapping despite occupying approximately the same ecological niche. Cohabitant nesticids, in particular involving <i>D. menozzii</i> or <i>D. speluncarum</i> together with <i>K. eremita</i>, have been previously observed in several occasions in Italian caves, and sometimes collected at short distances from each other (Brignoli, 1971). However, no clear species overlap are reported within the same cave. Such distinct spatial partition can be explained by the different grade of adaptation to the hypogean environment showed by these arachnids. In fact, <i>K. eremita</i> appears to be a less specialized cave-dweller, lacking extreme morphological adaptations to subterranean life. There
Synthesis, characterization and study of the catalytic activity of supported gold nanoparticles for alkynes hydroamination
No full textOur research group has previously reported the preparation of different silica supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) catalytically active in the reduction of nitrophenol to aminophenol. [1, 2] Recently, the focus of our research has shifted towards continuous flow nanocatalysis and for applications in packed bed reactors we have anchored AuNPs on commercial micrometer oxide supports (SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2), previously modified by grafting of the organosilane [3-(2-propynylcarbamate)propyl]triethoxysilane (PPTEOS). After thorough characterization, the catalytic activity of these systems has been evaluated in the oxidation of a large variety of primary and secondary alcohols, both under batch and continuous flow conditions. [3]
We now present the results in the field of the hydroamination of alkynes catalysed by Au/SiO2@Yne and the new, magnetically recoverable Au/Fe3O4@Yne catalyst.
[1] S. Fazzini , D. Nanni , B. Ballarin , M. C. Cassani , M. Giorgetti , C. Maccato, A. Trapananti, G. Aquilanti, and S. I. Ahmed, J. Phys. Chem. C. 116 (2012) 25434−25443; M. Giorgetti, G. Aquilanti, B. Ballarin, M. Berrettoni, M. C. Cassani, S. Fazzini, D. Nanni, and D. Tonelli, Anal. Chem. 88 (2016) 6873-6880;
[2] S. Fazzini, M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, E. Boanini, J. S. Girardon, A.S. Mamede, A. Mignani, and D. Nanni, J. Phys. Chem. C. 118 (2014) 24538-24547; M. C. Cassani, B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, E. Bonansegna, G. Carraro, S. Fazzini, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, and D. Pinelli, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 25780-25788.
[3] B. Ballarin, D. Barreca, E. Boanini, M. C. Cassani, P. Dambruoso, A. Massi, A. Mignani, D. Nanni, C. Parise, and A. Zaghi, ACS Sus. Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 4746-4756
Incidental Intra-Hepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocholangiocarcinoma in Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience (vol 48, pg 366, 2016)
No full textRegarding the article “Incidental Intra-Hepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocholangiocarcinoma in Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience” V. Serra, G. Tarantino, C. Guidetti, S. Aldrovandi, M. Cuoghi, T. Olivieri, G. Assirati, N. De Ruvo, P. Magistri, R. Ballarin, and F. Di Benedetto Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Transplantation Proceedings, Volume 48, Issue 2, March 2016, Pages 366–369 Available online 22 April 2016 Table 1 on page 368 should be replaced by the following table
Longileptoneta yamasakii Ballarin & Eguchi 2022, sp. nov.
No full textLongileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. (Japanese name: yamasakinagamashiragumo ヤマサキナガマシラグモ ) Figs. 1A–G, 2A–F, 3A–D DNA barcode. GenBank accession number: OP680015. Material examined. ♂ Holotype. JAPAN: Okinawa Pref.: Yonaguni-jima Is., Yaeyama-gun, Yonaguni-cho, unnamed short cave inside a deep, shadowed sinkhole, 24.45872°N, 122.95618°E, 23 m a.s.l., under stones and in mud crevices at the entrance of the cave, 02 March 2021, F. Ballarin & K. Eguchi leg. (NSMT-Ar 22244). Paratypes. JAPAN — same data as the holotype 1♂, 19♀ (5♀ NSMT-Ar 22245; 1♂, 9♀ MNHAH-B6-000402; 5♀ RMUF); same locality, 10♀ (6♀ FBPC; 4♀ MSNVR-Ar028–031), 05 March 2021, all F. Ballarin & K. Eguchi leg. Etymology. The new species is a patronym in honor to our colleague and friend Takeshi Yamasaki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan), for his contribution to the study of arachnology and for kindly helping with field collections in Japanese caves. Diagnosis. The male of Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. can be distinguished from the male of the similar L. gutan Wang & Li, 2020 and L. shenxian Wang & Li, 2020 or any other congeners by the following combination of unique characters: presence of a pair of lanceolate apophyses (PA) on the retrodistal part of the patella (reduced to normal, sharp spines in L. gutan and L. shenxian; cf. Figs. 1B, D, 3B vs. figs. 8D and 12C in Wang et al. 2020) and a robust and strongly sclerotized prolateral sclerite (PS) (thinner PS in L. gutan and L. shenxian, or transparent and less sclerotized in other congeners (cf. Figs. 1A, G, 3A vs. figs. 8C and 12C in Wang et al. 2020). In addition, the new species can be recognized by the general shape of the other palpal sclerites when the bulb is observed ventrally or dorsally (differently shaped in L. gutan, L. shenxian and in other congeners; cf. Figs. 1G, 3C vs. figs. 8B and 12B in Wang et al. 2020). The female of L. yamasakii sp. nov. is distinguished from the female of L. gutan, L. shenxian and other congeneric species by the shape of internal genitalia having less twisted ducts (SS) and spermathecae (S) headed toward to each other (vs. more coiled SS and S headed more frontally in L. gutan and L. shenxian or usually smaller S in other congeners; cf. Figs. 2A, B, 3D vs. figs. 9C and 13C in Wang et al. 2020). The dorsal pattern, having clear dark stripes on the opisthosoma, and the general shape of genitalia both help to quickly distinguish L. yamasakii sp. nov. from any other leptonetid species living in the Ryukyus. Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 2C. Total length: 2.52; prosoma 1.03 long, 0.93 wide. Carapace dark brown with a lighter central area less visible in alive specimens (Fig. 2F). Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows distinct. Cephalic area poorly defined, slightly raised from carapace. Six eyes all well-developed. ALE = 0.06, PLE = 0.05, PME = 0.05, ALE-PLE = 0, PLE-PME = 0.02. Chelicera, labium and maxillae uniformly brownish. Promargin of chelicera bearing a row of 8 denticles; denticles absent on retromargin. Sternum uniformly dark brown. Legs uniformly brown. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements (leg II partially missing): I = 9.43 (2.57, 0.36, 2.98, 2.47, 1.05), II =? (1.83, 0.34, -), III = 5.8 (1.60, 0.25, 1.61, 1.46, 0.88), IV = 7.84 (2.11, 0.34, 2.38, 2.02, 0.99). Opisthosoma greyish with two rows of 4–5 dark transversal stripes gradually merging to each other toward the posterior part of opisthosoma. Palp as in Figs. 1A–G, 3A–C. Femur with a row of long and robust spines on ventral margin, additional strong spines on the prolateral and dorsal margins. Patella elongated, bearing a pair of robust, lanceolate apophyses (PA) on retrodistal margin. Tibia short, approx. half of length of patella, with a tubular, robust apophysis on retrodistal margin with a spine on its apex and another spine at its base (TA) (Figs. 1B, 3B). Cymbium with medial depression and several long and robust dorsal spines headed prolaterally. Bulb with three sclerites: prolateral sclerite (PS) spine-like, robust and heavily sclerotized; median sclerite (MS) long and laminar, twisted apically; retrolateral sclerite (RS) flat and wrinkled, sclerotized at its basal trait and wrapped around embolus. Embolus (E) sclerotized at its base, distally leaf-like and transparent, ending with a long, narrow lobe (Figs. 1C–G and 3A–C). Female (based on one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Figs.2 D–F. Total length: 2.70, Prosoma 1.01 long, 0.91 wide. Similar to male for coloration and pattern. Frontal view of cephalic area as in Fig. 2E. ALE = 0.06, PLE = 0.05, PME = 0.05, ALE-PLE = 0, PLE-PME = 0.02. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 5.62(1.47, 0.23, 1.71, 1.38, 0.83), II = 4.12 (1.16, 0.23, 1.17, 0.95, 0.61), III = 3.47 (0.96, 0.20, 0.92, 0.83, 0.56), IV = 4.78 (1.30, 0.22, 1.45, 1.16, 0.65). Opisthosoma wrinkled in the frontal part (Fig. 2E). Other characters as in male. Internal genitalia as in Fig. 2A, B, 3C. Atrium (AT) wide, triangular; spermathecae stalk (SS) reaching spermathecae (S) with a slight S-shaped course. Spermathecae oval, separated from each other by two and 2/3 of their diameter, slightly headed toward each other and slightly bent posteriorly toward AT. Size variation: Male (based on 2 specimens): total length: 2.52–2.61, Prosoma 1.03–1.06 long, 0.92—0.96 wide. Female (based on 5 specimens): total length: 2.51–2.70, Prosoma 0.91–1.01 long, 0.89–0.91 wide. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10). Habitat. Cave-like habitats. The new species was found spinning small sheet-webs in mud and rock crevices on the ground and under dead wood at the entrance of a short cave opening at the bottom of a humid, shadowed sinkhole covered with subtropical vegetation (Fig. 2G). Remarks. Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. is locally abundant. The population numbered tens of specimens, often spinning webs in crevices close to each other, but occurring only in a small area of few square meters near the entrance of the short cave in the type locality. The species clearly shows troglophilic preferences, however it retains a full pigmentation and large, functional eyes. Thus, it lacks any troglomorphic characters typical of species deeply adapted to a subterranean life-style like in others leptonetids living in Ryukyus caves (e.g., M. longipalpis). This suggests that L. yamasakii sp. nov. might also inhabit screes or external habitats, especially if stable and moist. However, despite intensive collections by the authors in the surroundings of the type locality, in the leaf litter of forests covering the central area of Yonaguni-jima Is., no specimens of this or any other leptonetid species were collected.Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2022, Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae), pp. 371-387 in Zootaxa 5213 (4) on pages 373-377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/738139
Brignoliella tao Ballarin & Yamasaki & Su 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBrignoliella tao Ballarin & Yamasaki sp. nov. Figs.1A ̅H, 2A̅C. Type material. Holotype Ƌ: TAIWAN: Taitung County, Orchid Island (Lanyu), Hongtou neighborhood, elev. 270 m a.s.l., (22°00’59.1”N, 121°34’20.5”E), rainforest litter, 13. JUNE.2019, Ballarin F. leg. (NMNS-8309-001). Paratypes: TAIWAN: 8³³, 18♀♀, same locality and date as the holotype, (NMNS-8309-002); 3³³, 4♀♀, along the trail to Datianchi lake († R ¨), elev. 106 m a.s.l., (22°00’46.2”N, 121°34’13.9”E), rainforest litter, 13. JUNE.2019, (MSNV, MSNVRAr006–012); 2³³, 13♀♀, Hongtou forest, walking trail under a bridge, Elev. 68 m a.s.l., (22°00’34.8”N, 121°34’26.1”E), rainforest litter, 17. JUNE.2019, (NSMT-Ar 20876, Ar 20877). All Ballarin F. leg. Other material examined. TAIWAN: 2♀♀, Taitung County, Orchid Island (Lanyu), Langdao neighborhood, near the Lanyu lighthouse, elev. 200 m a.s.l., (22°04’53.2”N, 121°30’17.7”E), rainforest litter, 17. JUNE.2019, (NMNS); 2³, 3♀♀, near the Xiaotianchi Lake (ṮR¨), elev. 160 m a.s.l., (22°04’39.7”N 121°30’35.8”E), rainforest litter, 17. JUNE.2019, (NSMT); 11³³, 11♀♀, Dongqing neighborhood, elev. 50 m a.s.l., (22°01’42.5”N, 121°34’36.4”E), rainforest litter, 14. JUNE.2019, (FBPC); 5³³, 3♀♀, same locality, elev. 40 m a.s.l., (22°01’47.6”N, 121°34’30.3”E), rainforest litter, 15. JUNE.2019, (NMNS). All Ballarin F. leg. Etymology. The specific name refers to the Tao people, an ethnic group native of Orchid Island. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be easily distinguished from congeners by the shape of the two clypeal horns which are well-separated, short, rectangular, and ending with a blunt tip. In contrast, males of all other congeners have a different number of horns (e.g. B. delphina Deeleman-Reinhold, 1980, B. ratnapura Shear, 1988, B. trifida Lehtinen, 1981) or longer (e.g. B. dankobiensis Bourne, 1980), more pointed (e.g. B. acuminata (Simon, 1889), B. besuchetiana Bourne, 1980, B. bicornis (Simon, 1893), B. carmen Lehtinen, 1981, B. massai Lehtinen, 1981, B. maros Lehtinen, 1981), and sometimes partially-fused horns ending with a sharp tip (e.g. B. besutensis Lin, Li & Jäger, 2012, B. caligiformis Tong & Li, 2008, B. maoganensis Tong & Li, 2008, B. martensi (Brignoli, 1972), B. michaeli Lehtinen, 1981, B. patmae Fardiansah & Dupérré, 2019, B. vulgaris Lehtinen, 1981). Males of B. tao sp. nov. can be further separated from males of the similar B. carmen from Philippine and B maros from Indonesia by the different shape of the embolus, larger and weaved rather than strait in B. carmen or much shorter and thinner in B. maros (see Fig 1A, B vs. figs. 113, 116 in Lehtinen, 1981). In addition, males of the new species can be further distinguished from males of other Chinese species (B. maoganensis and B. caligiformis) by the oblong, dorsoventrally flattened bulb of the palp in B. tao sp. nov., in contrast with a pear-shaped bulb as in the other Chinese species (see Fig. 1A, B vs. fig. 2F, G and fig. 3F, G in Tong & Li 2008). Female B. tao sp. nov. can be distinguished from female B. caligiformis, B. carmen, B. maoganensis, and B. maros by the rounder seminal receptacula, and especially by the position of anterolateral grooves of the preanal plate, close to each other near the center of the plate in the new species in contrast with more separate grooves at the sides of the plate in the latter species (see Fig. 2A, C, vs. figs. 2E, 3E in Tong & Li 2008 and figs. 121, 125 in Lehtinen, 1981). Description. Male. (holotype). Measurements: total length: 1.55 carapace: 0.78 long, 0.61 wide. Habitus as in Fig. 1E, F. Carapace uniformly dark reddish-brown, strongly sclerotized with a rugose and indented margin. Cephalic area strongly elevated, with a ring of nodular bumps starting from the ocular area and surrounding the margin of the raised part. Six eyes well-developed and all of the same size. Clypeal horns rectangular and stumpy with a trapezoidal shape when observed dorsally, ending with a squared tip. Chelicerae as in Fig.1 H, dark reddish-brown, bearing a well-developed front-mesial cheliceral apophysis, long and sharp, headed inward. Cheliceral lamina well-developed. Labium subtriangular, sternum with several bumps both colored as the carapace. Legs uniformly yellowish-brown. Leg measurements: I: (1.42) 0.47, 0.14, 0.35, 0.25, 0.21; II: (1.37) 0.44, 0.15, 0.31, 0.23, 0.24; III: (1.19) 0.34, 0.14, 0.26, 0.22, 0.23; IV: (1.51) 0.46, 0.14, 0.35, 0.29, 0.27. Opisthosoma uniformly dark reddish-brown. Dorsal and pulmonary scuta of opisthosoma with several sparse, small pits. Postgenital scutum present, often partially covered by other ventral scuta. Preanal and anal scuta rectangular and smooth, uniformly reddish, lighter-colored than other ventral scuta. Spinnerets reddish-brown. Palp as in Fig. 1A ̅C. Femur bearing several spine pits ventrally, tibia bent, cymbium short and triangularshaped when seen laterally. Bulb oblong and compressed dorso-ventrally, bearing a seta in the posterior-ventral side. Spermatic duct with a simple course; embolus strongly sclerotized, long and lightly curved, ending with a sharp tip. Female (one of the paratypes). Measurements: total length: 1.45; carapace: 0.70 long, 0.58 wide. Habitus as in Fig. 1G, H. General coloration, and shape of prosoma and opisthosoma as in the male. Prosoma lacking clypeal horns. Leg measurements: I: (1.38) 0.45, 0.12, 0.34, 0.23, 0.24; II: (1.13) 0.35, 0.10, 0.26, 0.23, 0.19; III: (1.26) 0.38, 0.13, 0.30, 0.22, 0.23; IV: (1.49) 0.45, 0.14, 0.37, 0.29, 0.24. Genitalia as in Fig. 2A ̅C. Epigynal fold distinct, anterolateral groves easily visible, close to each other in the central part of the preanal scutum. Vulval stem sclerotized. Vulval ducts starting at the side of the vulval stem, straight and connecting to translucent, round seminal receptacula. Habitat. Humid leaf litter of the rainforest covering the mountain slopes of the island with an altitudinal range of approx. 40̅ 300 m a.s.l. Brignoliella tao sp. nov. appears to be absent in other habitats in the coastal areas. Distribution. Endemic to Orchid Island, widespread along the island (Fig. 7).Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco, Yamasaki, Takeshi & Su, Yong-Chao, 2021, A survey on poorly known rainforest litter-dwelling spiders of Orchid Island (Lanyu, Taiwan) with the description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae Tetrablemmidae, and Theridiosomatidae), pp. 197-208 in Zootaxa 4927 (2) on pages 198-201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/453696
Centromerus gatoi Ballarin & Pantini 2020, sp. nov.
No full textCentromerus gatoi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E18DBDAC-6CCE-4598-B092-13D921CCAC0B Figs 5–6, 10 Diagnosis Species closely related to Centromerus milleri Deltshev, 1974. Males of the new species can be distinguished from male C. milleri by the different shape of the dorsal hump of the cymbium (DT), shorter and larger in C. gatoi sp. nov. in contrast to the longer and thinner hump in C. milleri, and by the presence of a massive, stocky apophysis in the proximal part of the paracymbium (APC), lacking in C. milleri (see Figs 5A, 6A vs Deltshev 1974: figs 4–5 and Dimitrov & Deltshev 2019: figs 5–6, 15–16). Females of the new species are distinguished from female C. milleri by the more protruding epigyne (shorter in C. milleri), with a proportionally longer basal part of the scapus and lateral lobes of the anterior wall (LAW) (see Figs 5 E–G, 6D–F vs Deltshev 1974: figs 7–9 and Dimitrov & Deltshev 2019: figs 10–12, 20–22). Etymology The specific name is a patronym in memory of our friend Federico ‘Gato’ Mazzoleni, a young and promising Italian arachnologist who prematurely passed away. Federico first recognized this new species. Material examined Holotype ITALY • ♂; Calabria Region, Reggio Calabria, Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, Ponte Sant’Antonio, Valone di Pilima; 38.1876° N, 15.8466° E; 1260 m a.s.l.; Nov. 2013 – Oct. 2014; beechwood, in the litter; pitfall traps; E. Castiglione and F. Manti leg.; MSNB. Paratypes ITALY – Calabria Region • 1 ♀; Reggio Calabria, Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, Gambarie; 1300 m a.s.l.; Jun. 1990 – Jun. 1991; pitfall traps; G. Buttarelli, E. Ghilardi, P. Pantini and M. Valle leg.; MSNB • 1 ♀; Reggio Calabria, Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, between Gambarie and Montalto; 1500 m a.s.l.; Jun. 1990 – Jun. 1991; pitfall traps; G. Buttarelli, E. Ghilardi, P. Pantini and M. Valle leg.; MSNB • 1 ♀; Reggio Calabria, Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, Ponte Sant’Antonio, Valone di Pilima; 38.1876° N, 15.8466° E; 1260 m a.s.l.; 13 Nov. 2013; beechwood, in the litter; E. Castiglione, F. Manti and P. Pantini leg.; MSNB • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; Nov. 2013 – Oct. 2014; pitfall traps; E. Castiglione and F. Manti leg.; MSNB. Comparative material BULGARIA • 1 ♂, holotype of C. milleri Deltshev, 1974, 1 ♀, paratype; Eastern Rhodopes, Kartjali town, Karangil Cave, 2 Apr. 1972; Kolev B. leg.; NMNS. Description The available specimens were in a poor condition of preservation; thus, the colouration of the species might be slightly different in life. Male HABITUS. See Fig. 5H. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.73–3.01. Carapace 1.14 long, 0.95 wide. PROSOMA. Carapace uniformly yellowish-brown, chelicerae, labium and gnathocoxae of the same colour. Chelicera with stridulatory ridges on the lateral margin. Three teeth at the anterior margin of the fang groove, posterior margin with 4–5 small denticles. Sternum greyish. ABDOMEN. Covered with sparse setae, uniformly greyish with lighter marks barely visible on the dorsal side, distal end with a lighter area. LEGS. Uniformly yellowish-brown. Femur I with 1 prolateral spine. Tibial spine formula:. 2-2-?-? (tibiae III and IV missing). TmI:. 0.46. Leg measurements as follows: I: 1.37 + 0.37 +1.42 +1.31 +0.84 (5.31), II: 1.21 +0.36 +1.25 + 1.19 +0.78 (4.80), III: 1.17 +0.36 +missing, IV: 1.47 + 0.30 +missing. PALP (Figs 5 A–D, 6A–C). Patella with a single thin spine, tibia bearing 3 trichobothria and 3 robust spines. Cymbium with a massive, elongated dorsal hump facing backward. Paracymbium large, with a stocky apophysis facing backward in the proximal part of the lateral margin. Lateral margin of the paracymbium lacking wrinkles or denticles. Radical apophysis long, thin, thread-like, curved downward and outward. Distal radical apophysis, bearing 2 robust teeth. Distal suprategular apophysis with two robust and curved branches, the second branch shorter than the first branch in some specimens, and the same length as the first branch in others. Antero-proximal part of median membrane lacking any teeth. Terminal apophysis ending with a wide, curved and serrated lobe. Embolus curved, narrow at the base and thickening distally, with sharp tip. Female HABITUS. See Fig. 5I. MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.72–3.33. Carapace 1.25 long, 0.76 wide. PROSOMA AND ABDOMEN. As in male. LEGS. As in male. Leg measurements as follows: I: 1.28 +0.39 +1.26 +1.16 +0.74 (4.84), II: 1.22 + 0.36 + 1.16 + 1.08 + 0.67 (4.49), III: 1.10 + 0.34 + 0.98 + 1.03 + 0.62 (4.08), IV: 1.48 +0.39 + missing. EPIGYNE AND VULVA (Figs 5 E–G, 6D–G). Anterior wall wide, with a round border and two elongated lateral lobes. Basal part of scapus long and strongly protruding ventrally. Distal part of scapus wide and curved. Posterior median plate wide, rectangular, longer than wide. Spermathecae elongated and S-shaped. Copulatory grooves first turning posteriorly and outward before returning to the middle part of the vulva and ending in copulatory openings at the distal part of the scapus. Distribution Endemic to Italy. Known only from the Aspromonte massif, see Fig. 10.Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco & Pantini, Paolo, 2020, Three new species and new records of the genus Centromerus (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from Italy, pp. 1-23 in European Journal of Taxonomy 660 on pages 11-15, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.660, http://zenodo.org/record/388551
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