88 research outputs found
Functional and Structural Plasticity of Brain in Elite Karate Athletes
No full textThe structural and functional neural differences between the elite karate athletes and control group have been investigated in the concept of this study. 13 elite karate athletes and age-gender matched 13 volunteers who have not performed regular exercises participated in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire the anatomical and functional maps. T1-weighted anatomical images were segmented to form gray and white matter images. Voxel-based morphometry is used to elucidate the differences between the groups. Moreover, resting state functional measurements had been done, and group independent component analysis was implemented in order to exhibit the resting state networks. Then, second-level general linear models were used to compute the statistical maps. It has been revealed that increased GM volume values of inferior/superior temporal, occipital, premotor cortex, and temporal pole superior were present for the elite athletes. Additionally, WM values were found to be increased in caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, and mammilary region for the elite karate players. Similarly, for the elite karate players, the brain regions involved in the movement planning and visual perception are found to have higher connectivity values. The differences in these findings can be thought to be originated from the advances gained through the several years of training which is required to be an elite karate athlete
Mustafa Hayri Efendi ve El-muktataf min uyuni't-tefasir adlı tefsiri
No full textMustafâ Hayri Efendi'nin el-Muktataf min Uyuni't-Tefâsir adlı eseri, kendi dönemine kadar te'lîf edilmiş tefsirlerin bir özeti mahiyetindedir. Müellifin eserde, son dönemlerde telif edilmiş tefsirlerden; Reşid Rıza'nın, Tefsirü'el-Menar adlı eseri ve Elmalılı'nın, Hak Dini Kur'ân Dili adlı tefsirinden yararlanmış olması, eserin dikkat çekici yönlerindendir. Eser, Kur'ân âyetlerinde bulunan dil ile ilgili konuları, edebi sanatların inceliklerini, fıkhi ve i'tikadi bilgileri ihtiva etmektedir. Bunun yanında Mustafâ Hoca, âyetleri tefsir ederken Kura'n'ı Kur'an'la tefsir etmiş, hadislere müracaat etmiş, Sahabe ve Tâbiun sözlerini de aktarmıştır. Bundan dolayı eser, rivayet içerikli dirayet tefsiri niteliğini kazanmıştır. Müellif, eserinde ayetleri ahenk içinde, okuyucuyu ayrıntılara boğmadan ve yormadan aktarmıştır. Tez, bir giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde, tezin konusu, önemi, yöntemi ve kaynakları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde, Adıyamanlı Mustafa Hayri Efendi'nin; hayatı, ilmî kişiliği, eserleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunun yanında, söz konusu eserin, el yazmasının şekli, muhtevası ve eser üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise "el-Muktataf min Uyuni' t-Tefasr'in muhteva ve metodolojisi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler Tefsir, Rivayet, Dirayet, Kelam, Beyan, BediMustafa Hayri Efendi's al-Muktataf min Uyuni't-Tefasir" is a summary of his commentaries encompassing his time. The fact that the author made us of the previously interpreted works such as Tefsîrü'el-Menâr" and Elmalılı's, "Hak Dini Kur'ân Dili" is noteworthy. The work includes subjects related to language found in the verses of the Qur'an, the details of literary arts, fiqh, and faith-related information. In addition, Mustafa Hoca interpreted the verses of the Qur'an using the Qur'an and its hadiths, and also talked about the "Sahaba" and "tabiun". Hence, the work acquired the nature of being a wisdom interpretation containing rumor. The author explains the verses clearly. The thesis consists of an introduction and two parts. In the introduction, information on the topic of the thesis, its importance, method, and resources are given. In the first part, the life, scientific personality and works of Adıyamanlı Mustafa Hayri Efendi are pointed out. In addition to this, information about the work, the shape of the manuscript, the contents and the studies conducted on the work are given. In the second part, information regarding al-Muktataf min Uyûni ' t-Tefâsîr' s the content and methodology. Keywords Interpretation, Rumor, Wisdom, Word, Declaration, Bed
3D-Engineered Scaffolds to Study Primary Glioblastoma Microtube Formation and EGFR Expression
No full textGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant brain tumor with no effective treatment available so far. A major obstacle in GBM research is the lack of reliable in vitro models that can mimic the tumor cellular environment. The goal of this study was to develop a 3D-engineered scaffold as a new cell culture model capable of providing a more accurate representation of the tumor environment. 3D-engineered scaffolds, inspired by the geometry of brain blood vessels, were fabricated using two-photon polymerization. A newly developed biocompatible material with low auto-florescence was used for fabrication. To assess the ability of the 3D model in mimicking GBM’s natural environment, cell colonization, cellular morphology, microtube formations, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressions of cells were derived from confocal microscopy images and compared with those in 2D control experiments. The EGFR expressions were further evaluated in the presence of two EGFR inhibitors. U-87 cell line and three primary GBM cell cultures successfully colonized the scaffolds. Morphological differences were observed between 2D and 3D models with 3D models more closely representing in vivo observations. Microtube-like protrusions were present in both 2D and 3D models but the 3D model better matched the morphology of microtubes in vivo. There were no significant differences in expressions and subcellular localizations of EGFR between 2D and 3D models. However, EGFR internalizations were not prevented in the presence of EGFR inhibitors. This previously-unreported observation may explain the in vivo resistance of GBM cells to inhibitors. The 3D-engineered scaffolds provided a new suitable model that better replicated the GBM’s natural environment with advantages that were difficult to capture in 2D models.Mechanical Engineering | Micro and Nano Engineerin
Self-supervised Learning for Tumor Microenvironment Analysis: Addressing Label Scarcity in Multiplexed Immunofluorescence Imaging with Novel Feature Extraction Techniques
No full textThe study of tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and immune cell composition in cancer, a disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of tumor cells, has become increasingly important for understanding tumor progression and patient outcomes. Tools such as the TME-Analyzer enable this kind of research, but their manual workflows highlight a common problem in medical imaging: the scarcity of labeled data. This limits the efficiency and applicability of supervised learning algorithms to improve such medical image analysis tools. Self-supervised learning algorithms offer a promising alternative by learning feature representations without requiring labeled data. This thesis aims to address the issue of label scarcity by exploring the potential of self-supervised learning models for TME analysis involving the classification of individual cells in multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF) microscopy images of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissue.To enable the learning of feature representations from MxIF images with an arbitrary number of color channels, this thesis proposes to pre-train an encoder network on every image channel separately according to the SimCLR algorithm and perform classification of multi-channel images by feeding the concatenated feature representation outputs of every channel to a classifier network — referred to as the Siamese configuration. A hyperparameter search is conducted to optimize the SimCLR encoder’s ability to learn high-quality feature representations of individual cells in MxIF images of TNBC tissue. Upon obtaining an optimal set of hyperparameters, the effectiveness of the learned feature representations in improving label-efficiency for individual cell classification is assessed.The results demonstrate that the proposed Siamese configuration improves the accuracy of classifying the inflammation status of TNBC tumor sections by 2.63%. Additionally, the optimal set of hyperparameters identified through the search include the use of the normalized temperature cross-entropy loss function with low temperature and an added image intensity thresholding term, as well as zoom and brightness/contrast augmentations. Furthermore, the optimized self-supervised learning model improves label-efficiency for individual cell classification, maintaining performance with only 40% of labeled data, while performance drops only when the label percentage is reduced below this threshold.Mechanical Engineering | Systems and Contro
Incorporating topic information in a global feature selection schema for authorship attribution
No full textAgun, Hayri Volkan/0000-0002-4253-8920WOS: 000480326700028Authorship attribution (AA) is a stylometric analysis task of finding the author of an anonymous/disputed text document. in AA, the performance improvement of class-based feature selection schemas, such as Chi-square, and Gini index over frequency-based feature selection schemas, such as document frequency, common n-grams, and inverted document frequency has been shown to be limited. in AA, the feature selection process is significantly affected by topic distributions. in this paper, we assess the performance of a global feature selection approach into which the document's topic category is incorporated to scale the existing feature weights. in this approach, the common features of an author among different topics indicate higher relevance for the author and thus have higher weights. on the other hand, features with biased topic distributions are assumed to have high topic relevance and lower weights. in this approach, the global topic measure and the author specific topic measure are combined in order to scale the existing selection weights of the features. the ten-fold cross-validation experiment result on a multi-topic dataset with a random topic distribution indicates that our approach improves the performance of Chi-square, modified Gini index, and common n-grams schemas significantly in the best performing configurations of the classifiers
Neuroconnectivity analysis under mental workload and resting state conditions
No full textBrain activation can be observed by means of electrical and haemodynamic responses under the resting state condition. Several brain regions are synchronously activated to form functional brain networks during the resting state condition or while perforing a mental task. In the concept of this study, brain dynamics are measured using EEG and fMRI during rest and EEG is measured during a chess game which is used to increase the mental workload. fMRI measurements are analyzed using a seed based network computation technique while coherence computations are performed on EEG in order to deduce functional connectivity maps. EEG coherence maps are obtained after the solution of the inverse problem. So, connectivity is analyzed in the source domain. The cortex is parcellated with 84 node locations. The mental workload paradigm exhibited increased alpha band coherence in the prefrontal cortex
Effects of Aerobic Capacity, Age and Gender on Brain Neural Matter
No full textThe brain is one of the most complex and integrated organ in the human body which directs our muscle movements, our breathing and internal temperature, furthermore every imaginative sight, perception, and diagram are derived by the brain. The brain's neurons are effected by internal and external stimulations. Those stimulations might have positive and negative influence on brain activity and structure. There are several factors which can increase the activation of the brain, as well as increase gray matter (GM) and white matter(WM) volume, in some regions of the brain, such as learning new language, playing musical instrument as well as performing physical exercise. Studies suggested that aerobic exercice can enhance brain plasticity and may decrease risk for developing brain diseases in older adults. In this research, the effect of three factors which are age, gender and aerobic fitness level on brain structure were investigated by means of tissue volumes. Higher aerobic capacity did not indicate a change in structural volumetric brain volume. Moreover age - related gray matter (GM) atrophy was significantly observed. Finally, greater hippocampal volume in female volunteers was found when compared to male volunteers
Acute Changes in Electrophysiological Brain Dynamics in Elite Karate Players
No full textRegular physical exercise has enhanced effects on the human anatomy and functionality. Recently, an effect of a single set of exercise is shown to have positive effects on mood and on cognitive functioning. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a single bout of moderate exercise on the brain electrophysiological dynamics in resting-state condition and under the mental workload situation from elite-level athletes. For this purpose, electroencephalogram (EEG) is measured before and after the exercise sessions from 17 elite karate players who are members of the national karate team of Turkey. Blood lactate measurements are implemented to monitor the volunteers before EEG measurements. EEG data are analyzed using three metrics: conventional band power of each electrode, coherence metrics between electrodes for each band and source coherence values corresponding to each frequency band. Each metric is statistically analyzed between pre- and post-values, and results revealed that in all frequency bands, right parietal electrode had increased connection values which are thought to be related to ongoing sympathetic nervous system response observed during the recovery period. Another finding is the enhanced connectivity of frontal sources under the resting state as well as during the increased mental workload periods
Turkish Authorship Attribution
No full textOur text dataset consists of XML documents that contains author, genre, topic and text fields for blogs, newspaper articles, and tweets in Turkish language. Dataset is collected from web within years of 2015 and 2018. XML documents may contain invalid characters such as some html characters, or unicode however this can be eliminated by first replacing them by appropriate valid xml characters. For this purpose an XML parser source code in scala is provided for showing how xml parsing is done
Price endogenous analysis of agricultural policies in East Java, Indonesia
No full textThe agriculture sector of East Java, which is a major food production center in Indonesia, played a major role in the economic development of Indonesia in the past twenty five years. Several forms of agricultural policies have been designed and implemented to continue this contributing role. This study aims to evaluate these policies and to assess the impacts of certain policies changes in a price endogenous modelling framework.A price endogenous mathematical programming sector model is developed for the East Java region, including different farm sizes, land types and multiple crop production alternatives. The sector model is used to specifically analyze the effects of financial, price and subsidy policies related to East Java agriculture, and to identify economic consequences of policy reforms. The results show that important gains may be obtained with the proposed policy alternatives, but the distribution of gains among consumers and producers may be an important issue for policy makers to consider.A multilevel programming model is then developed, including the sector model as the subproblem, to analyze credit distribution among farm groups--which is an important agricultural policy issue. The results of the multilevel programming analysis indicates a substantially different credit distribution than the present allocation, where small farms receive a larger share than their present share, and a significant improvement on the agricultural sector's overall performance.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T11:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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