18 research outputs found
Prevalence of poststroke dysphagia in India (Krishnamurthy et al., 2022)
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reported dysphagia and associated pneumonia risk among patients with stroke in India. Method: We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was dysphagia and pneumonia among patients with stroke in India. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and extracted related data. Meta-analysis was performed for frequency of dysphagia, associated pneumonia, and its relative risk using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was computed using the I2 index.Results: A total of 3,644 titles were screened, and only eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Based on data from these studies, we calculated the pooled prevalence of dysphagia (47.71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [20.49%, 70.92%], p p p Conclusions: Despite the high incidence of dysphagia and associated pneumonia, the methodological quality of studies is fair and there is little research focused on epidemiological data. We call to arms to those SLPs working with patients with stroke in India to become proactive in both clinical practice and research domains.Supplemental Material S1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) chart. Krishnamurthy, R., Balasubramanium, R. K., & Premkumar, P. K. (2022). Systematic review and meta-analysis of dysphagia and associated pneumonia in patients with stroke from India: A call to arms. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-21-00175</div
Cervical Auscultation: A Systematic Review
Get PDFCervical auscultation refers to the technique of listening to the sounds of swallowing using a stethoscope or other measurement device such as placing microphone on the surface of the neck. This is based on the assumption that the normal biological sounds will be different from the abnormal biological sounds. The clinical applications of cervical auscultation were reviewed and discussed Keywords: Cervical auscultation, swallow sounds, swallowing assessment, biological sound
Nasal airflow monitoring during swallowing: Evidences for respiratory-swallowing incoordination in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textBackground: Respiratory swallowing coordination is regarded as one of the several mechanisms by which the airway is protected from aspiration during swallowing. A lack of reciprocity between respiration and swallowing has been indicated as one of the mechanisms that can lead to aspiration and pneumonia. Since chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary condition, we have hypothesized that there would be deficits observed in respiratory-swallow coordination in individuals with COPD. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the respiratory-swallow coordination in individuals with COPD. Methods: Thirty-two individuals with the diagnosis of COPD and 32 normal controls were recruited for the study. Respiratory coordination for swallowing was measured using Kay Digital Swallowing Workstation. The specific swallowing tasks were recorded for each individual which was dry swallow, thin liquid swallow, and thick liquid swallow. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant difference between individuals with COPD and normal controls indicating that swallow apnea duration is prolonged in individuals with COPD. It was also observed that expiration-inspiration is the predominant pattern, followed by expiration-expiration, inspiration-expiration, and inspiration-inspiration in individuals with COPD when compared to predominant expiration-expiration swallow in normal controls followed by expiration-inspiration, inspiration-expiration, and inspiration-inspiration. Conclusion: The results of the present study gave an insight into the pattern of respiratory-swallowing coordination in individuals with COPD
Does Cerebral Hemispheric Laterality Control Swallow Performance?
Get PDFObjectives. It is well established that the brainstem regulates the act of swallow. However, the role of cortex and its influence on swallowing are still a question. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate if cerebral hemispheric laterality controls swallow activity. Methods. Thirty normal right handed participants were subjected to time test of swallow using 100 ml of water. Dual paradigm was used to investigate hemispheric laterality for swallowing which involved listening to the speech or music stimuli presented binaurally while swallowing. The clinician measured total time taken and hyolaryngeal movement simultaneously which was used to calculate volume/time, volume/swallow, and time/swallow on an offline basis. Results. Results revealed that swallow performance decreased with the dual task paradigm compared to baseline swallow. These results are suggestive of cortex playing a role during swallowing in the dual task paradigm. Moreover, quantitative parameters like volume/swallow and volume/time were affected more when speech was competing with swallowing. However, music exerted greater interference over the speech for time/swallow. Conclusions. These results suggests that there exists differential cue lateralization hypothesis which means volume related parameters are controlled by left hemisphere and time related swallowing parameters are controlled at the right hemisphere
Effect of 6-Min Mastication Test on Masticatory Function in Young Versus Older Adults: A Comparative SEMG Study
No full textConclusion: The study demonstrated that masseter muscle activity significantly declines with age, with large effect sizes observed for all the parameters. Additionally, fatigue-related reductions in submental muscle parameters were observed across both age groups. These findings suggest that age-related and task-induced fatigue differentially affect masticatory muscles, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to support oral function in older adults
Effect of swallowing related fatigue on eating and drinking behaviors across the age spectrum
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Profiling non-nutritive sucking skills in full-term and preterm neonates
No full textAbstract Background Non-nutritive sucking (NNS) is a reflex in neonates where they suck on objects without receiving food. It aids in oral development and self-regulation. Preterm birth can affect NNS and feeding. Based on current guidelines, early evaluation is crucial for identifying any delay in normal development in this population. Hence, the current study aims to profile non-nutritive sucking skills in full-term (37 to < 42 weeks) and preterm (32 to < 37 weeks) neonates and to compare non-nutritive sucking skills between the groups. Method A total of 180 neonates completed this study. “The test for oropharyngeal dysphagia in Indian neonates” (TOD-IN) was used to profile non-nutritive sucking. The number of sucks, swallows, bursts, duration of sucking, suck/le per swallow, and pause duration was also assessed. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for non-nutritive sucking at p = < .001 and Cohen’s d had a large effect size (d = 1.42). Preterm neonates had a lesser number of sucks, bursts, swallows, and duration of sucking but had a higher pause duration compared to full-term neonates. Conclusion Non-nutritive sucking skills develop with advancing postmenstrual age and a detailed profile is imperative for a proper assessment to identify progress and delays
Prevalence of stuttering among school age children in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, India
No full textPurpose: Stuttering is a fluency disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1%. Reports on the epidemiology of stuttering in India is limited. Our primary goal was to examine the prevalence of the disorder among school children. The study also aimed to study the impact of several risk factors on the prevalence of stuttering. Method: A total of 3437 children in the age range of 6–15 years were screened in 16 camps conducted in and around schools of Dakshina Kannada. The children were screened for stuttering using a screening tool by an SLP based on their grade and medium of instruction and further validated using Stuttering Severity Instrument-4. Result: The prevalence of stuttering in school going children was 1.68%. Gaussian test reveals effect of gender on the prevalence of stuttering (Z1 = 3.501, p < 0.001) with a ratio of 2.4:1 among males and females respectively. No significant association was obtained for socioeconomic status (X22 = 1.42, p = 0.492) and linguistic structure (Z1=1.653, p = 0.0984) on the prevalence of stuttering. Good to excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was obtained. Conclusion: The prevalence of stuttering in Dakshina Kannada is established for the first time in the current study which helped determine in early identification and intervention for children with stuttering leading to better prognosis and quality of life
