1,721,013 research outputs found
Insights into Clathrin-Independent Endocytotic Pathways of Cholera Toxin
Full text linkThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.The following literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae and its manifestation as a gastrointestinal disease. Chapter 1 will discuss the pathophysiological method of colonization and infection, diagnostic process, clinical features of the disease, and treatment plans for patients infected with cholera. Additionally, we will discuss environmental factors and epidemiology of the disease, as well as prevention methods and problems going forward in cholera research. Chapter 2 will focus on two experiments that shed light on understanding the mechanisms by which cholera toxin (CT) is endocytosed into host epithelial cells is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae and thus for the development of treatment and prevention against cholera. While clathrin-dependent mechanisms of endocytosis have been well-understood, clathrin-independent mechanisms have been less studied
Role of Utrophin, Sarcospan, and Glycosyltransferase Activity in the Pathogenesis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and a Representative Case Study
Full text linkThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a degenerative muscle disease that is characterized by the breakdown of skeletal muscle as a result of membrane instability. A mutation in the dystrophin gene, one of the largest gene in the human genome, results in a complete lack of dystrophin in the membrane of skeletal muscle cells. Damaged muscle fibers result in necrosis and promote the formation of fatty, connective tissue. There is presently no cure for the disease and treatment primarily consists of long-term steroid therapy to slow its progression. Current research involves examining the various mechanisms involved in stabilizing membrane proteins in the absence of dystrophin. The interactions of the proteins sarcospan and utrophin as well as related glycosyltransferase activity are further examined in depth. A case study of a 5 year old patient is discussed in order to shed light on the clinical manifestations of the disease in its early stages
Crohn's Disease: NF-?? Activity Caused by NOD2 Signal Transduction and Increased by NOD2 Mutation and a Clinical Case Study
Full text linkThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to anus. The cause of the disease is still unknown, but scientists have found various genetic mutations that are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. One of these mutations include the NOD2 protein. Research has been conducted to shed light on the NOD2 signal transduction pathway and its involvement in NF-?B activation, a transcription factor that activates the production of various cytokines and chemokines that cause inflammation. By understanding this pathway and its relation to Crohn’s disease, drugs can be developed for more effective treatment. The general background of Crohn’s disease will be outlined including its symptoms, clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment. Chapter 2 is a literature review of research regarding the NOD2 pathway and the effects of NOD2 mutation in the activation of NF-?B. Finally, a model clinical case study will be reviewed in which the diagnosis and treatment of a Crohn’s disease patient are explained
Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Disease, Molecular Mechanisms in Th17 Cell Differentiation, and a Case Study
Full text linkThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disorder that affects the functioning of the central nervous system of 2�"2.5 million people worldwide. This disease is characterized by the demyelination and damage of nerve cells, which causes physical disability. Multiple sclerosis causes scarring (sclera) of the neurons and leads to misfiring of the neural cells. The sclera causes the general symptoms of MS, which include fatigue, incontinence, and muscle weakness or lack of muscle control (“National Multiple sclerosis Society,” 2013). Multiple sclerosis currently does not have a cure, but there are some disease-modifying medications that have been used to mitigate the daily symptoms of MS(“National Multiple sclerosis Society,” 2013)
Asthma: Cytokine-Induced Over-Expression of Matrix Metalloproteases Compromises Airway Epithelium Tight Junctions and a Clinical Case Study
No full textThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that results in a constriction of the airways. While there is no known cause of the disease, one possible theory of the molecular cause of asthma is that the tight junctions of the airway epithelium are disrupted as a result of cytokine activity that up regulates expression of matrix metalloprotease 9. MMP9 encourages detachment-induced cell death�"anoikis�"which results in a structural change compromising the airway epithelium’s ability to act as a primary immune defense mechanism. The chronic characterization of asthma results because of an ineffective epithelial repair mechanism which prevents full recovery of the affected airway tissues thus allowing for further aggravation by environmental pathogens. Further investigation of this pathway could potentially allow for improvement in treatment and perhaps even the identification of a cure. First, a detailed background of the disease will be introduced in chapter 1. The following chapter will provide a literature review focused on the mechanism by which matrix metalloprotease 9 results in a compromised airway epithelium (and thus increased susceptibility to environmental pathogens). Lastly, chapter 3 will comprise of a clinical case study regarding the diagnosis and treatment of asthma
Role of NanA in Bacterial Meningitis and a Model Case Study
Full text linkThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Bacterial Meningitis is a debilitating and potentially life threatening bacterial infection of the spinal fluid and meninges of the brain. While the exact mechanism used by bacteria to pass into the otherwise isolated spinal fluid is not fully understood, it is known that NanA plays a crucial role in this process. The goal of this thesis is to describe the enzymatic function of NanA and how it relates to bacterial adhesion and transportation. A case study of a 6 year-old child is included to demonstrate the rapid onset of symptoms in bacterial meningitis and its severity
Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS)-1 Phosphorylation by Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-? in Inducing Insulin Resistance and a Model Case Study
Full text linkThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Diabetes Mellitus is a commonly known disease in the United States. Over eight percent of the population has the disease, and close to another twenty percent are considered pre-diabetic and are susceptible to acquiring the disease in the future. Diabetes is dangerous not solely because of the symptoms it presents, but also because of the associated diseases (such as cardiovascular disease) linked to diabetic patients. The first chapter of this thesis outlines the disease, indicating the pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, genetics, and epidemiology. The second chapter provides a literature review of a possible mechanism that causes insulin resistance. Tumor Necrosis Factor �"? is a molecule believed to phosphorylate and inactivate another molecule, Insulin Receptor Substrate-1. The specificities of this mechanism are further elucidated through experimental data. The third chapter is a case study that highlights a clinical visit from a patient presenting with symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The case study includes common information typically gathered by a physician during a patient visit, such as the patient history, physical exam, and diagnostic work, and includes the development of the medical diagnosis and treatment plan
Clinical and Molecular Overview of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy through JPH-2 Mutations and Presentation in Clinical Case Study
No full textThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease which presents a distinct morphological change in cardiac tissue. Pathology of the disease widely ranges from being largely asymptomatic to the sudden onset of cardiac death. The disease’s etiology stems from genetic mutations in various components of the sarcomere such as the myosin binding regions. One particular mutation affecting calcium handling in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, JPH-2, manifests as a possible mechanism for the onset of sudden death and histological features consistent with myocardial disarray. This thesis aims to understand junctional complex gene’s, JPH-2, maintenance of the dyadic cleft and how mutants variants result in pathogenesis of HCM. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy’s clinical presentation is highlighted in the subsequent case study, of Paco Sanchez. The case study seeks to emphasis the use of laboratory diagnostics and treatment of HCM. The social effects of HCM and treatment beyond the use of medicine are of importance in handling the onset of such disease
Huntington's Disease: N17 Domain and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis and a Clinical Case Study
No full textThe University of Nevada, Reno Libraries will promptly respond to removal requests related to content that violates intellectual property laws, data protections, or has been uploaded without creator consent. Takedown notices should be directed to our ScholarWolf team ([email protected]) with information about the object, including its full URL and the nature of your complaint.Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease that results in a progressive decrease in mobility and accompanied by emotional disturbance. Even though the location of the gene, HTT, which is responsible for the disease has been identified, more questions regarding its mechanism are still unanswered. This leads to a lack of an effective treatment for this disease. Chapter 1 describes HD more closely with detailed discussion of its clinical symptoms and pathogenesis along with current methods of diagnosis and possible treatments that are being investigated. The current and future direction of research in this disease are also addressed. One of these directions is examined in Chapter 2, which is a literature review on the research surrounding the role of the N17 domain in the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease. Finally, a clinical case study is presented to explain the diagnosis and treatment plan for a patient with Huntington’s disease
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