19,905 research outputs found
What history reveals about reactions to climate debates
No full textMerridee L. Bailey and David B. Lindenmaye
Malthus v. Bailey on the Measure of Value: A Lesson in "Methodological Humility"
No full textThat Malthus was guilty of egregious error in his claim to have established the labor-commanded magnitude as an "invariable" unit of value is well-known. Even his modern biographer could appeal only to a "kink or a crotchet, some kind of cerebral block" to excuse Malthus's persistent failure to recognize the manifestly tautological character of his position. Yet the familiar form of Malthus's argument, as it appeared in his later work, differed in several respects from its earliest statement in the first edition of his Principles. In this essay we trace out the several changes made to Malthus's argument, often in response to his many critics; and we find in the midst of those alterations a common characteristic that serves to reveal the character of that "kink or crotchet": an obsession with mathematical operations producing a unit outcome. We draw two lessons from this sorry episode in our history. First, the sterility of the debate between Malthus and his critics serves to highlight the central importance of a precise and commonly understood vocabulary of scientific expression. This was, it is true, no more than a dispute over words; but as they are the vessels of our thoughts, words-of precise and commonly understood meaning-are critical to the progress of a science. Second, the heat of that debate highlights the insidious capacity of practitioners to mistake for scientific principles what are no more than "intricate series of definitions," a lesson which, when taken seriously, cannot fail but to impart a salutary "methodological humility."Labor-command; Malthus; Ricardo; Samuel Bailey
The Role of Carrion Supply in the Abundance of Deep-Water Fish off California
No full textFew time series of deep-sea systems exist from which the factors affecting abyssal fish populations can be evaluated. Previous analysis showed an increase in grenadier abundance, in the eastern North Pacific, which lagged epibenthic megafaunal abundance, mostly echinoderms, by 9–20 months. Subsequent diet studies suggested that carrion is the grenadier's most important food. Our goal was to evaluate if changes in carrion supply might drive the temporal changes in grenadier abundance. We analyzed a unique 17 year time series of abyssal grenadier abundance and size, collected at Station M (4100 m, 220 km offshore of Pt. Conception, California), and reaffirmed the increase in abundance and also showed an increase in mean size resulting in a ~6 fold change in grenadier biomass. We compared this data with abundance estimates for surface living nekton (pacific hake and jack mackerel) eaten by the grenadiers as carrion. A significant positive correlation between Pacific hake (but not jack mackerel) and grenadiers was found. Hake seasonally migrate to the waters offshore of California to spawn. They are the most abundant nekton species in the region and the target of the largest commercial fishery off the west coast. The correlation to grenadier abundance was strongest when using hake abundance metrics from the area within 100 nmi of Station M. No significant correlation between grenadier abundance and hake biomass for the entire California current region was found. Given the results and grenadier longevity, migration is likely responsible for the results and the location of hake spawning probably is more important than the size of the spawning stock in understanding the dynamics of abyssal grenadier populations. Our results suggest that some abyssal fishes' population dynamics are controlled by the flux of large particles of carrion. Climate and fishing pressures affecting epipelagic fish stocks could readily modulate deep-sea fish dynamics
Research Frontiers in Politics and Government. Brookings lectures, 1955 (by) S.K. Bailey, H.A. Simon, R.A. Dahl, R.C. Snyder, A. de Grazia, M. Moos, P.T. David, D.B. Truman
No full textViet Jean. Research Frontiers in Politics and Government. Brookings lectures, 1955 (by) S.K. Bailey, H.A. Simon, R.A. Dahl, R.C. Snyder, A. de Grazia, M. Moos, P.T. David, D.B. Truman. In: Revue française de science politique, 7ᵉ année, n°1, 1957. pp. 171-173
Research Frontiers in Politics and Government. Brookings lectures, 1955 (by) S.K. Bailey, H.A. Simon, R.A. Dahl, R.C. Snyder, A. de Grazia, M. Moos, P.T. David, D.B. Truman
No full textViet Jean. Research Frontiers in Politics and Government. Brookings lectures, 1955 (by) S.K. Bailey, H.A. Simon, R.A. Dahl, R.C. Snyder, A. de Grazia, M. Moos, P.T. David, D.B. Truman. In: Revue française de science politique, 7ᵉ année, n°1, 1957. pp. 171-173
Leveraging diversity in American academic medicine. The Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program
No full textPeer reviewe
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