3 research outputs found
Detection of coffee leaf disease and identification using deep learning
No full textThe sustainability of coffee production is a concern for many coffee-producing countries. Indeed, the conservation of the production of coffee needs to detect disease and infection in the early stages, to provide the ability to control and remedy. Coffee is one of the most consumed daily beverages, so it is considered one of the most important plant crops that affect the economy of the country that produces it. Thus, implementing systems for disease detection that do not require expert consultation can streamline production processes. In this paper, we proposed an efficient and rapid system utilizing cost-effective devices for detecting coffee leaf diseases to support farmers without the need for specialized expertise, leveraging deep learning models. Our technique involves several types of artificial intelligence (AI) models used, which include proposed new models using convolutional neural networks (CNN1, CNN2), and prompt transfer learning (VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNet), as well as applied machine learning supervised classifier with hybrid approaches (support vector machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF)). In terms of training, the proposed model was fed with large datasets that contain five classes, with a total number of images exceeding 50,000 images, while the testing utilized a separate dataset. Finally, the results showed high performance across all evaluation metrics. CNN1 obviously distinguished that it has the superior accuracy compared to the other models, with a 99% value. In conclusion, the proposed framework has the capability to be applied, and it will deliver on-hand support to farmers
Case series: long term experience with different types of hypospadias and its correction by single stage procedure
No full textBackground: Hypospadias is a relatively common congenital defect of the male external genitalia. It is present in approximately 1 in 250 male newborns. Hypospadias, in boys, is defined as an association of three anomalies of the penis: an abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus that may be located anywhere from the ventral aspect of the glans penis to the perineum, an abnormal ventral curvature of the penis (chordee), and an abnormal distribution of foreskin with a “hood” present dorsally and deficient foreskin ventrally.Methods: In this study author operated 250 cases of Hypospadias of different types in different age groups during (1992-2017) using MAGPI for glandular, TIP and Flip-flap procedure for distal penile and Ducket Onlay Flap technique for Proximal penile, penoscrotal and perineal Hypospadias. Complicated / Failed Hypospadias was repaired by Trap door technique or Byer’s double tube technique.Results: After the primary repair of Hypospadias fistula was found in 4.5% of patients. Post-operative haemorrhage was seen in 3.2% of patients. Flap Necrosis was found in 8% of patients after Mathieu’s Flip- Flap technique. The success rate of Complicated Hypospadias was quite satisfactory and Meatal Stenosis was seen in 10% of the cases. Over All study has shown superior cosmetic results and one stage repair is cost effective, satisfactory and less psychologically affecting the parents and the patients.Conclusions: MAGPI and its different modifications in the repair for Glandular and Flip-flap or TIP for distal penile in cases of mild or no chordee. Proximal Penile has sufficient Chordee and can be corrected by dorsal plication and urethroplasty by Ducket’s Onlay flap technique. The cost-effectiveness due to single stage repair and its cosmetic results and there least complications prove the efficacy of this protocol. Single stage repair is also beneficial for developing countries like India where the follow-up compliance in the rural patients is extremely poor.</jats:p
Dentoalveolar changes following extraction of mandibular primary second molars in patients with congenitally missing second premolars-a longitudinal randomized controlled trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Early management of congenitally missing mandibular second premolars may influence craniofacial growth, yet the long-term effects of extracting the primary second molars remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of extracting mandibular primary second molars in patients with congenitally missing mandibular second premolars and to compare with historical control data. TRIAL DESIGN: Prospective, randomized longitudinal split-mouth trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This longitudinal study is based on 40 patients (aged 9-12 years) with bilateral agenesis of mandibular second premolars, who were randomly assigned to either extraction or hemisection of the primary second molar. Randomization to determine the side and order of extraction or hemisection was performed using an online tool, with allocation concealment ensured by sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes prepared in advance by the author responsible for treatment assignment, who was not involved in patient care. The present study examines the overall treatment effect, regardless of the method applied in the split-mouth design. Cephalometric analyses were performed at baseline (T1) and after 4 years (T2). Dental casts were evaluated at T2 to measure residual space. A control group of 29 untreated individuals with normal occlusion was included for comparison. All measurements were conducted by an independent examiner blinded to the treatment assignment. RESULTS: In the extraction group both the maxilla and the mandible exhibited forward growth (P < .05), while only minor changes were detected in the control group. Extraction caused significant retroclination of the lower incisors by 4.5° (P < .01) and retrusion by 1.8 mm (P < .01), leading to an increased overjet of 1.2 mm (P < .05) and overbite of 1.5 mm (P < .05). Compared with controls, dental changes were significantly greater in the extraction group (P < .05). Residual space after extraction showed no significant correlation with cephalometric changes. CONCLUSION: Extraction of mandibular primary second molars in cases of agenesis induces favourable dental changes without detrimental skeletal effects. This approach may be a viable option in selected patients, although caution is recommended for those with deep bite tendencies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with https://www.researchweb.org/, registration number: 967125
