1,721,110 research outputs found
Proposal for a more efficient subsidy system for organic farming: Potential use of the tax system within the European Union
No full textAgricultural enterprises that are run on ecological principles receive, in some countries, higher levels of financial support from the European Union (EU) than other agricultural businesses. The aim is to provide an incentive for businesses to adopt organic farming systems, a change desired by both politicians and society. However, with a fixed system of support payments based on land area, increasing the proportion of farms being run organically leads directly to higher costs of subsidies for the EU and the individual countries. This becomes especially true if enterprises with large land areas, high turnover and high income are converted to organic farming methods. Because financial resources within the member states are in very short supply, a modification of the current system of subsidies would seem to be necessary in the near future. The aim of any new system should be to reduce profit windfalls without making a drastic reduction in the incentive effect of the current system. At the same time, businesses that can run along these lines on a sustainable basis should be especially supported. This requires an increased level of individual assessment of the potential of the subsidized enterprises in relation to their cost-performance ratio for organic agricultural production. In this connection, a partial change to profit-based tax systems can be used as an effective instrument for co-financing. The method used to calculate profits for tax purposes, which varies from state to state, can be used to assess the performance and success of the organic farmer. Tax-free allowances or reductions in tax rates could be used to provide a selective subsidy method. The ability to relate subsidies to performance, thereby reducing windfall profits, is not the only advantage of using the tax system for this purpose. Another advantage is the low transaction costs. Using the example of the offsetting of profits between time periods, it will be shown here that the tax system can be used as an additional instrument for subsidization. The existing methods of subsidy can only be supported in this way, not completely substituted
Pay for performance in agriculture: types, indicators and perspectives
No full textWith a growing percentage of employees in German agriculture, human resource management has an increasing relevance for farmers and other interest groups. In economic literature, the question of optimal incentives and the effects of performance pay are discussed controversially. The empirical results of this article are based on a written survey of 260 agricultural employers. The analysis of financial incentives shows that pay for performance is of minor importance in agriculture, as it is complicated to find simple, measurable performance indicators that reflect the employees' individual effort in an objective way. In part 4 of this article, possible performance indicators for different farm enterprises are shown and framework conditions for their use are discussed. In the long-term perspective, precision agriculture will lower the transaction costs for measuring performance indicators. As the influence of stochastic determinants on agricultural production will not decrease in the future, pay for performance in agriculture will continue to play a minor role
Returns and costs in sugar beet production and crop enterprise before and after recent CAP reforms
No full textWithin the framework of the "Joint Project oil environmental effects in sugarbeet cultivation" Cost structures Of sugarbeet cultivation are analysed. Future prospects on the effects of the sugar market reform are given by a comparative static comparison if no adaptation strategies will be introduced. Simultaneously, costs and returns of the whole crop enterprise are examined. Ill sugarbeet production, declining sugarbeet prices lead to strong losses in returns. In combination with increased input prices, those losses reduce returns to management. Cost differences between successful and less successful farms are primarily due to differences in direct and operating costs. Within these Cost groups, expenses for fertiliser as well as for labour and machinery show meaningful differences between successful and less Successful farms. At the whole crop enterprise level, rising prices for other agricultural products compensate for declined sugarbeet prices and increased input prices. Meaningful cost differences between Successful and less successful farms are found with operating costs
Returns and costs in sugar beet production and crop enterprise before and after recent CAP reforms
No full textWithin the framework of the "Joint Project oil environmental effects in sugarbeet cultivation" Cost structures Of sugarbeet cultivation are analysed. Future prospects on the effects of the sugar market reform are given by a comparative static comparison if no adaptation strategies will be introduced. Simultaneously, costs and returns of the whole crop enterprise are examined. Ill sugarbeet production, declining sugarbeet prices lead to strong losses in returns. In combination with increased input prices, those losses reduce returns to management. Cost differences between successful and less successful farms are primarily due to differences in direct and operating costs. Within these Cost groups, expenses for fertiliser as well as for labour and machinery show meaningful differences between successful and less Successful farms. At the whole crop enterprise level, rising prices for other agricultural products compensate for declined sugarbeet prices and increased input prices. Meaningful cost differences between Successful and less successful farms are found with operating costs
Pay for performance in agriculture: types, indicators and perspectives
No full textWith a growing percentage of employees in German agriculture, human resource management has an increasing relevance for farmers and other interest groups. In economic literature, the question of optimal incentives and the effects of performance pay are discussed controversially. The empirical results of this article are based on a written survey of 260 agricultural employers. The analysis of financial incentives shows that pay for performance is of minor importance in agriculture, as it is complicated to find simple, measurable performance indicators that reflect the employees' individual effort in an objective way. In part 4 of this article, possible performance indicators for different farm enterprises are shown and framework conditions for their use are discussed. In the long-term perspective, precision agriculture will lower the transaction costs for measuring performance indicators. As the influence of stochastic determinants on agricultural production will not decrease in the future, pay for performance in agriculture will continue to play a minor role
Economic Assessment of Virtual Fencing Technology in Dairy Systems: A Model Study in Temperate Climates
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347 Federal Ministry of Education and Research Bonn Offic
Pesticide residues in food and drinking water from the consumerʼs perspective: The relevance of maximum residue levels and product-specific differences
No full textEnterprises in the agri-rural sector facing new challenges - Report on the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Economic and Social Sciences in Agriculture (GEWISOLA) in Gottingen in 2005
No full textThis article provides a general resume of four plenary speeches, 45 presentations and a final panel discussion held at the 451 annual meeting of the Gesellschaft fur Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e. V. (Society for Economic and Social Sciences in Agriculture) (GEWISOLA), that took place in Gottingen from October 5(th) to 7(th), 2005. The conference topic was: 'Enterprises in the Agri-Rural Sector Facing New Challenges'. From an agricultural economic perspective, the attempt was made to give answers to questions concerning strategies chosen by agricultural and rural enterprises to cope with challenges resulting from diverse pressures to adjust as well as to respond to increasing opportunities opened up by globalisation. The individual contributions focused on the following priority areas: current developments in the agricultural sector, markets and policies, producers and consumers in the agricultural sector and in society, enterprises in a dynamic environment and, last but not least, the financing of the agricultural policy of the EU
Enterprises in the agri-rural sector facing new challenges - Report on the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Economic and Social Sciences in Agriculture (GEWISOLA) in Gottingen in 2005
No full textThis article provides a general resume of four plenary speeches, 45 presentations and a final panel discussion held at the 451 annual meeting of the Gesellschaft fur Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften des Landbaues e. V. (Society for Economic and Social Sciences in Agriculture) (GEWISOLA), that took place in Gottingen from October 5(th) to 7(th), 2005. The conference topic was: 'Enterprises in the Agri-Rural Sector Facing New Challenges'. From an agricultural economic perspective, the attempt was made to give answers to questions concerning strategies chosen by agricultural and rural enterprises to cope with challenges resulting from diverse pressures to adjust as well as to respond to increasing opportunities opened up by globalisation. The individual contributions focused on the following priority areas: current developments in the agricultural sector, markets and policies, producers and consumers in the agricultural sector and in society, enterprises in a dynamic environment and, last but not least, the financing of the agricultural policy of the EU
Exploring drivers of farmland value and growth in Italy and Germany at regional level
No full textThe recent renewed growing attractiveness of investments in farmland for agricultural and non-agricultural reasons have raised new attention by European Union on factors able to influence the farmland value and on the enhancement of agricultural policies for supporting the development of European regions. Despite its importance, there is a very limited number of studies focusing on European context and a little concordance between the drivers affecting the farmland value and growth. Attempting to reduce the gap, this study investigates the determinants of farmland prices from 2000 to 2010 by exploring and comparing Italy and Germany that are interesting because of their similarity with respect to the outlined dichotomy between urbanized and farming counties/provinces. The comparison across models allows to discuss the cross-cutting and country-specific drivers affecting farmland value and the implication of these findings on agricultural policies recommendations
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