15 research outputs found
The development and trajectory of parent-child conflict during College.
No full textUniversity of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. Aug. 2012. Major: Psychology. Advisor: Richard M. Lee, Ph.D., L.P. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 108 pages, appendices A-B.This two-study investigation examined parent-child conflict during young adulthood from the perspective of college students. Study 1a utilized a mixed-method approach to examine the content and resolution of parent-child conflict. Four qualitative themes of the content of conflict, as well as conflict resolution, were found and compared to quantitative measures of family functioning, mental health, and physical health (Study 1a). Additionally, in a subset of the Study 1 sample (Study1b), students who reported parent-child conflict reported higher frequencies of conflict, less perceived family support, and more psychological distress than those students who did not report conflict. Study 2 examined trajectories of parent-child conflict using quantitative longitudinal data spanning three points of time during college. Using latent class growth analysis, four distinct trajectories were found. The results demonstrate the importance of continuing to study parent-child relationships during the young adult years.Bahrassa, Nazneen F.. (2012). The development and trajectory of parent-child conflict during College.. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/136026
Citizenship, Co-ethnic Populations and Employment Probabilities of Immigrants in Sweden
Get PDFOver the last decades, Sweden has liberalized its citizenship policy by reducing the required number of years of residency to five for foreign citizens and only two for Nordic citizens. Dual citizenship has been allowed since 2001. During the same period, immigration patterns by country of birth changed substantially, with an increasing number of immigrants arriving from non-western countries. Furthermore, immigrants were settling in larger cities as opposed to smaller towns as was the case before. Interestingly, the employment integration of immigrants has declined gradually, and in 2006 the employment rate for foreign-born individuals is substantially lower compared to the native-born. The aim of this paper is to explore the link between citizenship and employment probabilities for immigrants in Sweden, controlling for a range of demographic, human capital, and municipal characteristics such as city and co-ethnic population size. The information we employ for this analysis consists of register data on the whole population of Sweden held by Statistics Sweden for the year 2006. The basic register, STATIV, includes demographic, socio-economic and immigrant specific information. In this paper we used instrumental variable regression to examine the "clean" impact of citizenship acquisition and the size of the co-immigrant population on the probability of being employed. In contrast to Scott (2008), we find that citizenship acquisition has a positive impact for a number of immigrant groups. This is particularly the case for non- EU/non-North American immigrants. In terms of intake class, refugees appear to experience substantial gains from citizenship acquisition (this is not, however, the case for immigrants entering as family class). We find that the impact of the co-immigrant population is particularly important for immigrants from Asia and Africa. These are also the countries that have the lowest employment rate.citizenship, naturalization, immigration, ethnicity
Author Correction: Transcript expression-aware annotation improves rare variant interpretation
No full textIn this Article, author Marquis P. Vawter was missing from the Genome Aggregation Database Consortium list. They are associated with the affiliation: ‘Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA’, and contributed to the generation of the primary data incorporated into the gnomAD resource. The original Article has been corrected online
Identification of nine new susceptibility loci for testicular cancer, including variants near DAZL and PRDM14.
Get PDFTesticular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer in young men and is notable for its high familial risks. So far, six loci associated with TGCT have been reported. From genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of 307,291 SNPs in 986 TGCT cases and 4,946 controls, we selected for follow-up 694 SNPs, which we genotyped in a further 1,064 TGCT cases and 10,082 controls from the UK. We identified SNPs at nine new loci (1q22, 1q24.1, 3p24.3, 4q24, 5q31.1, 8q13.3, 16q12.1, 17q22 and 21q22.3) showing association with TGCT (P < 5 × 10(-8)), which together account for an additional 4-6% of the familial risk of TGCT. The loci include genes plausibly related to TGCT development. PRDM14, at 8q13.3, is essential for early germ cell specification, and DAZL, at 3p24.3, is required for the regulation of germ cell development. Furthermore, PITX1, at 5q31.1, regulates TERT expression and is the third TGCT-associated locus implicated in telomerase regulation
Citizenship and Employment - comparing two cool countries
Get PDFOver the last decades, both Canada and Sweden have liberalized citizenship regulations for permanent residents. During the same period, immigration patterns by country of birth have changed substantially, with an increasing number of immigrants arriving from non-western countries. The aim of this paper is to explore the link between citizenship and employment probabilities for immigrants in both countries, controlling for a range of demographic, human capital, and municipal characteristics such as city and co-ethnic population size. We use data from the 2006 Canadian census and Swedish register data (STATIV) for the year 2006. Both STATIV and the Census, include similar sets of demographic, socio-economic and immigrant specific. We use instrumental variable regression to examine the "clean" impact of citizenship acquisition and the size of the co-immigrant population on the probability of being employed in both countries. We find that citizenship acquisition has a positive influence on employment probabilities in both Canada and Sweden. The size of the co-ethnic population has a positive impact for many immigrant groups - as the co-ethnic population increases, the probability of being employed also increases.
Author Correction: The mutational constraint spectrum quantified from variation in 141,456 humanS
No full textIn this Article, author Marquis P. Vawter was missing from the Genome Aggregation Database Consortium list. They are associated with the affiliation: ‘Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA’, and contributed to the generation of the primary data incorporated into the gnomAD resource. In addition, in the legend to Fig. 1, ‘ten’ should have been ‘seven’ in the sentence: “a, Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP)46,47 plot depicting the ancestral diversity of all individuals in gnomAD, using seven principal components.” The original Article has been corrected online
Longitudinal acoustic compliance and tagged particle susceptibility in liquid and supercooled glycerol
No full textBrillouin spectra of glycerol measured in the visible, ultraviolet and X-ray frequency regions allow us to reckon the imaginary part of acoustic compliance,J"(omega), over a broad frequency range from fraction of GHz to tens of THz. We observe that J"(omega) suitably mimic the shape of the tagged particle susceptibility, chi"(INS)(omega), measured by incoherent neutron spectra for both the liquid and supercooled states. The proportionality between these two quantities suggests a strict relationship between acoustic dissipation and generalized density of states. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Comez, L.] Univ Perugia, IOM CNR, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [Comez, L.; Paciaroni, A.; Scarponi, F.; Fioretto, D.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [Monaco, G.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France; [Masciovecchio, C.; Gessini, A.] Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Basovizza Trieste, Italy; [Ruocco, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy Comez, L (reprint author), Univ Perugia, IOM CNR, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [email protected] Ruocco, Giancarlo/A-6245-2010; paciaroni, alessandro/J-2447-2012 Ruocco, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2762-9533; 34 1 1 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 0022-3093 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS J. Non-Cryst. Solids JAN 15 2011 357 2 SI 515 517 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.05.096 3 Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Materials Science 725JK WOS:000287640800049 J Gregori, B; Papazachariadis, O; Farruggia, A; Accornero, N Gregori, Bruno; Papazachariadis, Odysseas; Farruggia, Alfonsa; Accornero, Neri A differential color flicker test for detecting acquired color vision impairment in multiple sclerosis and diabetic retinopathy JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article Critical fusion frequency; Flicker test; Color vision disorders; Optic neuritis; Retinopathy; Diabetes OPTIC NEURITIS; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; MACULAR DEGENERATION; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; FUSION FREQUENCY; AGE; LUMINANCE; DISEASE; LOSSES; DISCRIMINATION Background: Optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis and diabetic retinopathy are relatively selective postretinal and retinal vision disorders. Vision impairment in both conditions is reliably measured by testing critical fusion frequency (CFF). Methods: To examine color vision, we measured the CFF in response to red and blue stimuli, and tested CFF values in patients without evident vision impairment. To ensure that differences in CFF values in a given subject depended only on color perception we displayed red and blue flickering stimuli at equal luminance. CFF to red or blue stimuli were compared in patients with medical history of optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis (post-retinal vision impairment), patients with diabetic retinopathy (retinal vision impairment) and healthy subjects. Results: The test procedure disclosed altered CFF values for red and blue stimuli in both groups of patients studied. The comparison between the two groups disclosed a prevalent CFF impairment for red stimuli in patients with optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis and for blue stimuli in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: The differential color flicker test appears highly accurate in detecting color vision impairment. Comparison of the two color CFFs differentiates retinal from post-retinal visual disorders. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Papazachariadis, Odysseas] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Gregori, Bruno; Papazachariadis, Odysseas; Farruggia, Alfonsa; Accornero, Neri] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Neurol Sci, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Gregori, Bruno] UO Neurol, Clin Nuova Itor, I-00158 Rome, Italy Papazachariadis, O (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [email protected] 42 2 2 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 0022-510X J NEUROL SCI J. Neurol. Sci. JAN 15 2011 300 1-2 130 134 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.002 5 Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology 714ZT WOS:000286850900024 J Bernabei, M; Moreno, AJ; Zaccarelli, E; Sciortino, F; Colmenero, J Bernabei, Marco; Moreno, Angel J.; Zaccarelli, Emanuela; Sciortino, Francesco; Colmenero, Juan From caging to Rouse dynamics in polymer melts with intramolecular barriers: A critical test of the mode coupling theory JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS English Article SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SIMULATION; RELAXATION; SCATTERING; ADSORPTION; CHAINS By means of computer simulations and solution of the equations of the mode coupling theory ( MCT), we investigate the role of the intramolecular barriers on several dynamic aspects of nonentangled polymers. The investigated dynamic range extends from the caging regime characteristic of glass-formers to the relaxation of the chain Rouse modes. We review our recent work on this question, provide new results, and critically discuss the limitations of the theory. Solutions of the MCT for the structural relaxation reproduce qualitative trends of simulations for weak and moderate barriers. However, a progressive discrepancy is revealed as the limit of stiff chains is approached. This disagreement does not seem related with dynamic heterogeneities, which indeed are not enhanced by increasing barrier strength. It is not connected either with the breakdown of the convolution approximation for three-point static correlations, which retains its validity for stiff chains. These findings suggest the need of an improvement of the MCT equations for polymer melts. Concerning the relaxation of the chain degrees of freedom, MCT provides a microscopic basis for time scales from chain reorientation down to the caging regime. It rationalizes, from first principles, the observed deviations from the Rouse model on increasing the barrier strength. These include anomalous scaling of relaxation times, long-time plateaux, and nonmonotonous wavelength dependence of the mode correlators. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3525147] [Moreno, Angel J.; Colmenero, Juan] Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Fis Mat, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain; [Moreno, Angel J.; Colmenero, Juan] Mat Phys Ctr MPC, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain; [Bernabei, Marco; Colmenero, Juan] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain; [Zaccarelli, Emanuela; Sciortino, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Zaccarelli, Emanuela; Sciortino, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR ISC, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Colmenero, Juan] Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, E-20080 San Sebastian, Spain Moreno, AJ (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Fis Mat, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. [email protected] Moreno, Angel/C-7313-2011; Sciortino, Francesco/B-4768-2012; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012 EU [FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN, MAT2007-63681, IT-436-07, ERC-226207-PATCHYCOLLOIDS, ITN-234810-COMPLOIDS] We thank S.-H. Chong, T. Franosch, M. Fuchs, M. Sperl, and J. Baschnagel for useful discussions. We acknowledge financial support from projects FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN (DYNACOP, EU), MAT2007-63681 (Spain), IT-436-07 (GV, Spain), ERC-226207-PATCHYCOLLOIDS (EU), and ITN-234810-COMPLOIDS (EU). 50 2 2 AMER INST PHYSICS MELVILLE CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA 0021-9606 J CHEM PHYS J. Chem. Phys. JAN 14 2011 134 2 024523 10.1063/1.3525147 12 Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical Physics 709WK WOS:000286471900064 J Zammataro, M; Chiechio, S; Montana, MC; Traficante, A; Copani, A; Nicoletti, F; Gereau, RW Zammataro, Magda; Chiechio, Santina; Montana, Michael C.; Traficante, Anna; Copani, Agata; Nicoletti, Ferdinando; Gereau, Robert W. mGlu2 metabotropic glutamate receptors restrain inflammatory pain and mediate the analgesic activity of dual mGlu2/mGlu3 receptor agonists MOLECULAR PAIN English Article NAAG PEPTIDASE INHIBITORS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; RAT FORMALIN TEST; GROUP-II; N-ACETYLASPARTYLGLUTAMATE; SPINAL-CORD; UP-REGULATION; PERSISTENT; MODELS; PRETREATMENT Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) couple to the inhibitory G-protein Gi. The group II mGluRs include two subtypes, mGlu2 and mGlu3, and their pharmacological activation produces analgesic effects in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. However, the specific contribution of each one of the two subtypes has not been clarified due to the lack of selective orthosteric ligands that can discriminate between mGlu2 and mGlu3 subtypes. In this study we used mGlu2 or mGlu3 knock-out mice to dissect the specific role for these two receptors in the endogenous control of inflammatory pain and their specific contribution to the analgesic activity of mixed mGlu2/3 receptor agonists. Our results showed that mGlu2(-/-) mice display a significantly greater pain response compared to their wild type littermates. Interestingly the increased pain sensitivity in mGlu2(-/-) mice occurred only in the second phase of the formalin test. No differences were observed in the first phase. In contrast, mGlu3(-/-) mice did not significantly differ from their wild type littermates in either phase of the formalin test. When systemically injected, a single administration of the mGlu2/3 agonist, LY379268 (3 mg/kg, ip), showed a significant reduction of both phases in wild-type mice and in mGlu3(-/-) but not in mGlu2(-/-) mice. However tolerance to the analgesic effect of LY379268 (3 mg/kg, ip) in mGlu3(-/-) mice developed following 5 consecutive days of injection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that: (i) mGlu2 receptors play a predominant role over mGlu3 receptors in the control of inflammatory pain in mice; (ii) the analgesic activity of mixed mGlu2/3 agonists is entirely mediated by the activation of the mGlu2 subtype and (iii) the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of mGlu2/3 agonists develops despite the lack of mGlu3 receptors. [Chiechio, Santina; Copani, Agata] Univ Catania, Dept Drug Sci, I-95124 Catania, Italy; [Zammataro, Magda] Univ Catania, Ph D Program Neuropharmacol, I-95124 Catania, Italy; [Montana, Michael C.; Gereau, Robert W.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA; [Montana, Michael C.; Gereau, Robert W.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Pain Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA; [Traficante, Anna; Nicoletti, Ferdinando] INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; [Nicoletti, Ferdinando] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Rome, Italy Chiechio, S (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dept Drug Sci, I-95124 Catania, Italy. [email protected] National Institutes of Health [R01NS42595] We thank Professor S. Nakanishi for providing the mGlu2-/- mice. This work was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health (R01NS42595) to RWG. 37 2 2 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD LONDON 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND 1744-8069 MOL PAIN Mol. Pain JAN 14 2011 7 6 10.1186/1744-8069-7-6 5 Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology 712PJ WOS:000286678400001 J Wang, K; Diskin, SJ; Zhang, HT; Attiyeh, EF; Winter, C; Hou, CP; Schnepp, RW; Diamond, M; Bosse, K; Mayes, PA; Glessner, J; Kim, C; Frackelton, E; Garris, M; Wang, Q; Glaberson, W; Chiavacci, R; Nguyen, L; Jagannathan, J; Saeki, N; Sasaki, H; Grant, SFA; Iolascon, A; Mosse, YP; Cole, KA; Li, HZ; Devoto, M; McGrady, PW; London, WB; Capasso, M; Rahman, N; Hakonarson, H; Maris, JM Wang, Kai; Diskin, Sharon J.; Zhang, Haitao; Attiyeh, Edward F.; Winter, Cynthia; Hou, Cuiping; Schnepp, Robert W.; Diamond, Maura; Bosse, Kristopher; Mayes, Patrick A.; Glessner, Joseph; Kim, Cecilia; Frackelton, Edward; Garris, Maria; Wang, Qun; Glaberson, Wendy; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Nguyen, Le; Jagannathan, Jayanti; Saeki, Norihisa; Sasaki, Hiroki; Grant, Struan F. A.; Iolascon, Achille; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Li, Hongzhe; Devoto, Marcella; McGrady, Patrick W.; London, Wendy B.; Capasso, Mario; Rahman, Nazneen; Hakonarson, Hakon; Maris, John M. Integrative genomics identifies LMO1 as a neuroblastoma oncogene NATURE English Article COPY NUMBER; CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; ACTIVATING MUTATIONS; ALK KINASE; GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; CANCER; INTERACTS; TARGET; CELLS Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system that accounts for approximately 10% of all paediatric oncology deaths(1,2). To identify genetic risk factors for neuroblastoma, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 2,251 patients and 6,097 control subjects of European ancestry from four case series. Here we report a significant association within LIM domain only 1 (LMO1) at 11p15.4 (rs110419, combined P = 5.2 x 10(-16), odds ratio of risk allele = 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.25-1.44)). The signal was enriched in the subset of patients with the most aggressive form of the disease. LMO1 encodes a cysteine-rich transcriptional regulator, and its paralogues (LMO2, LMO3 and LMO4) have each been previously implicated in cancer. In parallel, we analysed genome-wide DNA copy number alterations in 701 primary tumours. We found that the LMO1 locus was aberrant in 12.4% through a duplication event, and that this event was associated with more advanced disease (P < 0.0001) and survival (P = 0.041). The germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) risk alleles and somatic copy number gains were associated with increased LMO1 expression in neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumours, consistent with a gain-of-function role in tumorigenesis. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of LMO1 inhibited growth of neuroblastoma cells with high LMO1 expression, whereas forced expression of LMO1 in neuroblastoma cells with low LMO1 expression enhanced proliferation. These data show that common polymorphisms at the LMO1 locus are strongly associated with susceptibility to developing neuroblastoma, but also may influence the likelihood of further somatic alterations at this locus, leading to malignant progression. [Wang, Kai; Zhang, Haitao; Hou, Cuiping; Glessner, Joseph; Kim, Cecilia; Frackelton, Edward; Glaberson, Wendy; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Grant, Struan F. A.; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Diskin, Sharon J.; Attiyeh, Edward F.; Winter, Cynthia; Schnepp, Robert W.; Diamond, Maura; Bosse, Kristopher; Mayes, Patrick A.; Garris, Maria; Wang, Qun; Nguyen, Le; Jagannathan, Jayanti; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Maris, John M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Diskin, Sharon J.; Attiyeh, Edward F.; Winter, Cynthia; Schnepp, Robert W.; Diamond, Maura; Bosse, Kristopher; Mayes, Patrick A.; Garris, Maria; Wang, Qun; Nguyen, Le; Jagannathan, Jayanti; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Maris, John M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Childhood Canc Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Nguyen, Le; Li, Hongzhe; Devoto, Marcella] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Saeki, Norihisa; Sasaki, Hiroki] Natl Canc Ctr, Res Inst, Div Genet, Tokyo 1040045, Japan; [Nguyen, Le; Grant, Struan F. A.; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Devoto, Marcella; Hakonarson, Hakon; Maris, John M.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Grant, Struan F. A.; Devoto, Marcella; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Human Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Iolascon, Achille; Capasso, Mario] CEINGE Biotecnol Avanzate, I-80145 Naples, Italy; [Devoto, Marcella] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Expt Med, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [McGrady, Patrick W.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA; [McGrady, Patrick W.] Childrens Oncol Grp, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA; [London, Wendy B.] Dana Farber Childrens Hosp, Ctr Canc, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [London, Wendy B.] Childrens Oncol Grp, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Iolascon, Achille; Capasso, Mario] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Biochem & Med Biotechnol, I-80131 Naples, Italy; [Rahman, Nazneen] Inst Canc Res, Sect Canc Genet, Sutton SM2 5NG, Surrey, England Hakonarson, H (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [email protected]; [email protected] National Institutes of Health [R01-CA124709]; Giulio D'Angio Endowed Chair; Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation; Evan Dunbar Foundation; Rally Foundation; Andrew's Army Foundation; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Associazione Oncologia Pediatrica e Neuroblastoma; Cotswold Foundation; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; [UL1-RR024134-03] We acknowledge the Children's Oncology Group for providing most blood and tumour specimens and clinical and outcome data (U10-CA98543 and U10-CA98413) from neuroblastoma patients. We thank G. P. Tonini for providing neuroblastoma DNA samples in the Italian replication cohort. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant R01-CA124709 (to J.M.M.), the Giulio D'Angio Endowed Chair (J.M.M.), the Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation (J.M.M.), the Evan Dunbar Foundation (J.M.M.), the Rally Foundation (J.M.M.), Andrew's Army Foundation (J.M.M.), the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute (J.M.M.), a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Training Fellowship (K. B.), a fellowship from Associazione Oncologia Pediatrica e Neuroblastoma (M. C.), a Research Development Award from the Cotswold Foundation (H. H.), UL1-RR024134-03 (H. H.) and an Institutional Development Award to the Center for Applied Genomics from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (H.H.). 22 30 32 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0028-0836 NATURE Nature JAN 13 2011 469 7329 216 220 10.1038/nature09609 5 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics 705NO WOS:000286143400039 J Nottola, SA; Cecconi, S; Bianchi, S; Motta, C; Rossi, G; Continenza, MA; Macchiarelli, G Nottola, Stefania A.; Cecconi, Sandra; Bianchi, Serena; Motta, Cecilia; Rossi, Gianna; Continenza, Maria A.; Macchiarelli, Guido Ultrastructure of isolated mouse ovarian follicles cultured in vitro REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY English Article TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRANULOSA-CELL PROLIFERATION; BOVINE PREANTRAL FOLLICLES; PRE-ANTRAL FOLLICLES; LONG-TERM CULTURE; STIMULATING-HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE Background: In vitro maturation of ovarian follicles, in combination with cryopreservation, might be a valuable method for preserving and/or restoring fertility in mammals with impaired reproductive function. Several culture systems capable of sustaining mammalian follicle growth in vitro have been developed and many studies exist on factors influencing the development of in vitro grown oocytes. However, a very few reports concern the ultrastructural morphology of in vitro grown follicles. Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the ultrastructural features of isolated mouse preantral follicles cultured in vitro for 6 days in a standard medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). The culture was supplemented or not with FSH. Results: The follicles cultured in FCS alone, without FSH supplementation (FCS follicles), did not form the antral cavity. They displayed low differentiation (juxta-nuclear aggregates of organelles in the ooplasm, a variable amount of microvilli on the oolemma, numerous granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, signs of degeneration in granulosa cell compartment). Eighty (80)% of FSH-treated follicles formed the antral cavity (FSH antral follicles). These follicles showed various ultrastructural markers of maturity (spreading of organelles in ooplasm, abundant microvilli on the oolemma, scarce granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, granulosa cell proliferation). Areas of detachment of the innermost granulosa cell layer from the oocyte were also found, along with a diffuse granulosa cell loosening compatible with the antral formation. Theca cells showed an immature morphology for the stage reached. Twenty (20)% of FSH-treated follicles did not develop the antral cavity (FSH non-antral follicles) and displayed morphological differentiation features intermediate between those shown by FCS and FSH antral follicles (spreading of organelles in the ooplasm, variable amount of microvilli, scattered granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, signs of degeneration in granulosa cell compartment). Conclusions: It is concluded that FSH supports the in vitro growth of follicles, but the presence of a diffuse structural granulosa cell-oocyte uncoupling and the absence of theca development unveil the incomplete efficiency of the system. The present study contributes to explain, from a morphological point of view, the effects of culture conditions on the development of mouse in vitro grown follicles and to highlight the necessity of maintaining efficient intercellular communications to obtain large numbers of fully-grown mature germ cells. [Cecconi, Sandra; Bianchi, Serena; Rossi, Gianna; Continenza, Maria A.; Macchiarelli, Guido] Univ Aquila, Dept Hlth Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy; [Nottola, Stefania A.; Motta, Cecilia] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anat Histol Forens Med & Orthopaed, Rome, Italy; [Macchiarelli, Guido] Univ Aquila, Ctr Microscopy, I-67100 Laquila, Italy Macchiarelli, G (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Hlth Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [email protected] Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, "La Sapienza" University, Rome; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, University of L'Aquila T
Hepatitis E as a cause of adult hospitalization in Bangladesh: Results from an acute jaundice surveillance study in six tertiary hospitals, 2014-2017
Get PDFIn the absence of reliable data on the burden of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in high endemic countries, we established a hospital-based acute jaundice surveillance program in six tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh to estimate the burden of HEV infection among hospitalized acute jaundice patients aged ≥14 years, identify seasonal and geographic patterns in the prevalence of hepatitis E, and examine factors associated with death. We collected blood specimens from enrolled acute jaundice patients, defined as new onset of either yellow eyes or skin during the past three months of hospital admission, and tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against HEV, HBV and HAV. The enrolled patients were followed up three months after hospital discharge to assess their survival status; pregnant women were followed up three months after their delivery to assess pregnancy outcomes. From December’2014 to September’2017, 1925 patients with acute jaundice were enrolled; 661 (34%) had acute hepatitis E, 48 (8%) had hepatitis A, and 293 (15%) had acute hepatitis B infection. Case fatality among hepatitis E patients was 5% (28/589). Most of the hepatitis E cases were males (74%; 486/661), but case fatality was higher among females—12% (8/68) among pregnant and 8% (7/91) among non-pregnant women. Half of the patients who died with acute hepatitis E had co-infection with HAV or HBV. Of the 62 HEV infected mothers who were alive until the delivery, 9 (15%) had miscarriage/stillbirth, and of those children who were born alive, 19% (10/53) died, all within one week of birth. This study confirms that hepatitis E is the leading cause of acute jaundice, leads to hospitalizations in all regions in Bangladesh, occurs throughout the year, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Effective control measures should be taken to reduce the risk of HEV infections including improvements in water quality, sanitation and hygiene practices and the introduction of HEV vaccine to high-risk groups. Author summary In the absence of reliable surveillance data on the burden of hepatitis E in endemic countries, we conducted a hospital-based acute jaundice surveillance study over a two and a half year period in six tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh. The study confirms that HEV infections occur throughout the year, and is a major (34%) cause of acute jaundice in tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh. Three-quarters of the acute hepatitis E cases were male, and HEV infection was higher among patients residing in urban areas than patients in rural areas (41% vs 32%). The overall case fatality rate of acute HEV infections in hospitals was 5%, but was higher among pregnant women (12%). Hepatitis E patients who died were more likely to have co-infection with HAV or HBV than the HEV infected patients who did not die. Fifteen percent of HEV infected mothers had miscarriage/stillbirth. Of the children who were born alive, 19% died, all within one week of birth. Considering the high burden of hepatitis E among hospitalized acute jaundice patients, Bangladesh could take control measures to reduce this risk including improvements in water quality, sanitation and hygiene practices and the introduction of hepatitis E vaccine in high-risk areas
