160 research outputs found
Cfd simulation study on the effect of leak size towards oil leakage from submarine pipelines
Get PDFThis paper presents Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) studies on leak size effect towards the time taken for migration of oil droplets to reach free surface upon leakage. The size of the leakage hole (d) is a variable ranging from 0.1 m to 0.3 m with increment of 0.1m whereas the other parameter is fixed. A computational rectangular domain with length of 20m and height of 15m was simulated in Gambit 2.4. The length of computational domain is large enough, which is larger than the longest horizontal distance the oil droplets migrate when they reach the sea surface. In the Gambit 2.4, the time taken for the oil droplets to reach free surface was observed by varying the leak size; d1=0.1m, d2= 0.2m and d3=0.3m respectively. . The outer diameter (D) of damaged submarine pipeline is 0.5 m. The mesh was generated and exported to Fluent. Using the formulas we can obtain when and where to see oil reaching the sea surface, and conduct rapid response the maximum horizontal migration distance of oil at certain time is predicted, and a forecasting model is proposed. These calculated results will provide useful guidance to place the oil containment boom. Results were observed at 1000 number of time steps (iterations) with a step size of 0.1s. For the leak size 0.1m, the time taken for the oil to reach the free surface is 64s. For leak size 0.2m, , the time taken for the oil to reach the free surface had decrease to 55s. On the other hand, for the large leak size 0.3m, time taken for the oil to reach the free surface had decreased to 52s. As the conclusion, the leak size of pipeline can affects the time taken for oil to reach free surface upon leakage in pipelin
Citizen relationship management implementation in local government - towards a theoretical research framework
Get PDFMany governments today have made significant investment on Citizen Relationship Management (CiRM) implementation. The employment of CiRM systems has increased the operational day-to-day and strategic long-term effectiveness of governments, particularly in relation to the intimacy of their relationship with the public. However, many of the initiatives have failed to deliver the benefits expected at the local government setting. As a consequence, it is now important to look from the literature in order to understand the process of implementation and if there are common determinants that may influence the success of CiRM implementation. Based on the reviewed of literature, this paper investigates the development of CiRM implementation studies that had significant effects upon the CiRM system implementation. A conceptual framework is proposed which contributes to the theoretical understanding of CiRM implementation process, and may inform practitioner success with new CiRM system implementation. The paper concludes with four crucial issues that need to be clarified before the proposed theoretical framework of the study can be further explored and developed: 1) the meaning of CiRM implementation process; 2) the determinants that may influence the process of CiRM implementation; 3) the appropriate approach to investigate CiRM implementation process; and 4) the perspective of CiRM implementation projects
Co2-ch4 reforming over lanthanide promoted cobalt/mesoporous alumina catalyst for syngas production
Get PDFCO2-CH4 reforming has caught significant attention since this technology is able to convert undesirable ozone-depleting gases, CO2 and CH4, as feedstocks into the desired equimolar syngas for Fisher-Tropsch synthesis. At present, there is still a challenge in developing the highly stable and active catalysts for CO2-CH4 reforming as well as better resistance to carbon deposition. Therefore, the main idea of our work is to synthesize mesoporous alumina (MA) support using self-assembly hydrothermal approach (SAHA) technique before being impregnated with cobalt (Co). Then, the relationship between operating parameters, such as reforming temperature (923–1073 K) and reactant partial pressure (10-40 kPa) on catalytic performance and coke formation was evaluated in this work. The effect of lanthanide promoters (lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), yttrium (Y), and samarium (Sm)) and promoter loading (1, 2, 3, and 5wt.%) on the physicochemical properties of 10%Co/MA catalyst was also studied in this project. 10%Co/MA exhibited great catalytic performance (CH4 conversion = 70.9%, CO2 conversion = 71.7% and Rate of deactivation = 1.3%), credited to the well dispersed Co within pore MA, strong metal-support interaction, and MA confinement ability. The Co particle dispersion on MA support evidently improved after promoter incorporation, resulting in smaller crystallite size and lesser Co agglomeration. The reactant conversions improved in the order of YCo/MA > LaCo/MA > CeCo/MA > SmCo/MA > Co/MA, while the amount of carbon deposit was recorded with the sequence of Co/MA > SmCo/MA > LaCo/MA > CeCo/MA > YCo/MA. Additionally, YCo/MA catalyst attained the highest catalytic performance (CH4 conversion = 85.8%, CO2 conversion = 92.2%, Rate of deactivation = 0.57%) and possessed the lowest carbon deposition (7.02%) due to great Co dispersion, small Co particle size with strong Co-MA interaction and higher oxygen storage capacity. H2/CO ratios were obtained within 0.78-0.86, which is slightly lower than 1 due to the reverse water-gas shift. A superior catalytic performance was shown by 3wt.% Y2O3 loading (CH4 conversion = 85.8%, and CO2 conversion = 90.5%), followed by 2wt.% > 5 wt.% > 1wt.% > 0 wt.% Y2O3 loading. This result was attributed to the favorable catalytic properties of 3%Y-10%Co/MA including small Co particle size, high Co dispersion, high amount of atomic ratio (Co/Al), and a high number of lattice oxygen vacancies. The excess Y2O3 addition (>3 wt.%) led to inevitably blocked Co active sites and resulted in decreasing catalytic performance. The 3wt.% Y2O3 promoter loading recorded the lowest carbon deposited (7.0%) due to the highest oxygen vacancies (78.1%) as compared to 1, 2 and 5 wt.% Y2O3. As a conclusion, the employment of MA support and incorporation of Y2O3 (3wt.) effectively boosted the Co performance in CO2-CH4 reforming along with suppressing the deposition of carbon on the catalyst surface as compared with other promoted catalysts (Ce, La, and Sm) and Y2O3 loadings (1, 2, 5wt.) owing to the improvement in catalysts structure and physicochemical attributes
Citizen relationship management implementation in Malaysian local governments
Get PDFThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.From the perspective of a system developer, this study presents an in-depth analysis of
the CiRM implementation process in Malaysian local government. The study was motivated by the lack of studies examining the CiRM implementation process initiatives in the local government sector. Furthermore, the performance of the Malaysian Government in this initiative has been subjected to various criticisms, i.e., not properly
servicing its public. This raises the question as to what has happened during the period of the CiRM implementation process in Malaysia. As there has been a demand for local governments to invest more in CiRM projects, the need for existing and potential
system developers in the Malaysian government to have an implementation framework that could guide their effort in implementing the system has become more vital. This study combines the case study research and grounded theory approaches. Twenty in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with system developers from ten local governments (i.e., five interviews from four pilot-cases and fifteen interviews from six primary-cases). The analyses of these data were divided in three main phases. The first phase involved a within and cross-case analyses of the pilot cases. The second and third phases involved a within and cross-case of the primary cases. These analyses enabled a set of determinants on CiRM implementation in the Malaysia local governments to be developed. The determinants were established by fitting their characteristics to the lifecycle
of the CiRM system implementation process.
Some of the determinants were found to be common to the existing literature while
others were found to be enhancing the existing knowledge in CiRM implementation
process. These determinants were then developed to shape a theoretical framework for the CiRM implementation process in the local Malaysian governments. This framework
not only describes the main determinants in the implementation process, but also the
forces and activities that lie within it.Doctoral studentship from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Ethanol dry reforming over lanthanide-promoted Ni/A12O3 catalysts for syngas production
Get PDFEthanol dry reforming has been regarded as an alluring and promising approach since it consumes greenhouse gas, CO2 and renewable bio-component of ethanol to generate value-added products. Ni-based catalysts are the conventional reforming catalysts due to their high capacity of C-C and C-O bond cleavage. However, these catalysts suffer from sintering and deposited carbon formed from ethylene polymerization, Boudouard and methane decomposition reactions. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of promoters (CeO2 and La2O3) and promoter loading on the physicochemical properties of 10%Ni/Al2O3 catalyst using N2 physisorption (BET method), temperature-programmed calcination (TPC), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of different operation conditions including reactant partial pressure and temperature on catalytic performance of ethanol dry reforming was also studied in this project. Promoted and unpromoted 10%Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation method and evaluated in a quartz fixed-bed reactor at different CO2:C2H5OH ratios of 2.5:1 to 1:2.5 and temperature of 923-973 K under atmospheric pressure. Promoted and unpromoted catalysts possessed relatively high BET surface area of about 71-108 m2 g-1 and both promoters were well dispersed on catalyst surface. Both NiO and NiAl2O4 phases were detected on the surface of promoted and unpromoted catalysts whilst CeO2 and La2O3 phases were observed for Ce- and La-promoted catalysts, respectively. The reduction of NiO species to metallic Ni0 phase occurred at two different reduction temperatures depending on the degree of metal-support interaction. Moreover, the acid site concentration was significantly reduced about 30.45% and 40.68% with the addition of Ce and La promoters, respectively. For catalytic evaluation, both C2H5OH and CO2 conversions enhanced considerably with growing reaction temperature from 923 to 973 K due to the endothermic nature of ethanol dry reforming reaction. The increase in CO2 partial pressure from 20 to 50 kPa improved reactant conversions for all catalysts whilst the optimal C2H5OH partial pressure was observed at 30-40 kPa depending on catalyst types. Interestingly, H2/CO ratio was always achieved within 1.1 to 1.9 regardless of operation conditions suitable for downstream Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Irrespective of operating parameters, La-promoted catalyst appeared to be the best catalyst in terms of H2 yield and 3%La loading was the optimal promoter loading for La-doped catalysts because of the high mobile oxygen storage capacity of La2O3. 3%La-10%Ni/Al2O3 catalyst also seemed to be stable for 24 h on-stream at stoichiometric feed composition and reaction temperature of 973 K in terms of reactant conversion and H2/CO ratio. The heterogeneous nature of deposited carbons was evident with the presence of both amorphous and graphitic carbons on spent catalyst surface. However, the percentage of deposited carbon was reduced with promoter addition in the order; La-promoted< Ce-promoted < unpromoted 10%Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. At the end of this research, all the objectives that were set out have been achieved completely
Pertukaran rekabentuk fungsian (SASD) kepada rekabentuk berorientasikan objek (Shlaer-Mellor)
No full textA review of learning courseware for preschoolers Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education
No full textImplementing Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education in preschooler’s curriculum has become an ultimate target for many countries. Early exposure to STEM education is critical to later academic achievement. Nevertheless, majority of STEM education still rely upon a traditional teaching format that reaches only a subset of student. Many preschoolers are lack of interest and engagement to learn STEM Education due to limited availability of interactive teaching method and tools. In this regards, learning courseware is deemed as the best option to provide a high-quality STEM education. However, there are limited studies reported on the existence of learning courseware for preschoolers STEM education. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the presence of STEM courseware for preschoolers and to propose the most effective courseware design for preschoolers STEM education. By using the four-stage method from Bandara’s Systematic Literature Review (SLR), it is found that multimedia application should be considered as the most effective component for developers while designing the learning courseware for preschoolers STEM Education
Organisational Determinants Influencing Citizen Relationship Management (CiRM) Implementation in the British Local Governments
Get PDFThis exploratory paper presents two British local governments in-depth case studies on the organisational determinants influencing the Citizenship Relationship Management (CiRM). Eight main organisational determinants have emerged as a result of the cross-case analysis. The determinants influencing the CiRM implementation might be on the surface look similar to the common CRM determinants but they are fundamentally not. This might be explained by the overwhelming impact of the interpersonal dynamics of the implementation process generated by the public. It can also be concluded that there are enormous amounts of successful CiRM implementation determinants available in the literature. These determinants will always be subjected to where and how CiRM has been implemented and it varies according to what organisation
A review of learning courseware for children with learning disabilities in Malaysia
No full textChildren with Learning Disabilities (LD) are different from normal kids. They need special approach in conducting learning sessions. On the other hand, learning courseware is deemed as best way to encourage children with LD to learn. However, there are limited studies reported on the existence of learning coursewares for children with LD in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the presence of LD coursewares in Malaysia and to propose the most effective courseware design for LD children. By using the four-stage method from Bandara.s Systematic Literature Review (SLR), it is found that multimedia application should be considered as the most effective component for developers while designing the learning coursewares for LD. These coursewares provide an interactive education experience for children with LD
A theoretical research framework of open source software adoption in Malaysian university information and communications technology centers
No full textOpen Source Software (OSS) has been an effective replacement for proprietary software in many domains and especially the public ones. The Advantage of OSS led governments around the world to adopt this software and promote aggressively to their public agencies. However, many of the initiatives have failed to adopt the OSS within their organizations. As a consequence of this, it is important to look further from the literature to understand the factors that influence the OSS adoption success in the public sector. Based on a review of more than 100 articles, the study aims to fill the gap by clearing the facts about the current state of OSS adoption in Malaysia and to address the factors that may influence or hinder the OSS adoption. The paper concludes with two issues that need to be clarified before the proposed theoretical framework of the study can be further explored and developed 1) to identify the factors that may influence the OSS adoption decision and process in both the management level and the user levelin Malaysian University Information and Communications Technology Centers (ICTCs); 2) by finding a new perspective to investigate the determinants to the OSS adoption
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