168,073 research outputs found
Past medical history and pancreatic cancer risk: Results from a multicenter case-control study
No full textPurposeTo investigate risk factors that may be linked to pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe designed a multicenter population-based case-control (823 cases, 1679 control patients) study with data collection by using a common protocol and questionnaire. Participating centers were located in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and Poland.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding factors, a positive history of pancreatitis was associated with pancreatic cancer (odds ratio [OR], 4.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.23-9.84). The risk was especially high in heavy smokers (OR, 15.4; 95% CI, 3.18-74.9). Patients with diabetes had an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.60-2.91). The risk was highest in the first year after the development of diabetes (OR, 6.68; 95% CI, 3.56-12.6) and decreased over time. A history of allergy was associated with a reduced risk of pancreas cancer (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.82).ConclusionsPatients with newly diagnosed diabetes and patients with pancreatitis, particularly in heavy smokers, have an increased risk for developing pancreatic cancer. In addition to being risk factors, these conditions could be early manifestations of underlying pancreatic cancer. A history of allergy decreases the risk of pancreatic cancer.Patrick Maisonneuve, Albert B. Lowenfels, H. Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita, Parviz Ghadirian, Peter A. Baghurst, Witold A. Zatonski, Anthony B. Miller, Eric J. Duell, Paolo Boffetta, and Peter Boylehttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505746/description#descriptio
Visual evoked potential latencies of three-year-old children prenatally exposed to buprenorphine or methadone compared with non-opioid exposed children: the results of a longitudinal study
No full textAbstract not availableJustine N. Whitham, Nicola J. Spurrier, Peter A. Baghurst, Paul Weston, Michael G. Sawye
Socioeconomic position, maternal IQ, home environment, and cognitive development
No full textCopyright © 2007 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.Objective To assess whether socioeconomic position, maternal intelligence (IQ), and the home environment are inter-related to cognitive development in childhood. Study design Prospective cohort study (n = 723) with cognitive tests at ages 2, 4, 7, and 11 to 13 years. Results There were statistically significant positive associations of father’s occupational prestige, Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) score, and maternal IQ with cognitive performance in childhood. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was an increase in cognitive development by 0.8 to 2.0, 2.9 to 4.8, and 4.2 to 9.0 points for a 10-unit increment in father’s occupational prestige, maternal IQ, and HOME score, respectively. Conclusions These results demonstrate that socioeconomic position, maternal IQ, and the home environment are independently and positively predictive of children’s cognitive development. These findings provide additional rationale for implementing social policies that reduce socioeconomic inequalities.Shilu Tong, Peter Baghurst, Graham Vimpani and Anthony McMichaelhttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/623311/description#descriptio
Paediatric capsule endoscopy: a single-centre experience
No full textR Abu-Assi, D Moore, P Baghurst, R Butler, P Hammond, R Couper, G Davidso
Tracing the long-term legacy of childhood lead exposure: a review of three decades of the Port Pirie Cohort study
No full textAbstract not availableAmelia K. Searle, Peter A. Baghurst, Miranda van Hooff, Michael G. Sawyer, Malcolm R. Sim, Cherrie Galletly, Levina S. Clark, Alexander C. McFarlan
Childhood lead exposure, childhood trauma, substance use and subclinical psychotic experiences - a longitudinal cohort study
No full textAvailable online 2 March 2016Abstract not availableCherrie Galletly, Levina Clark, Alexander McFarlane, Amelia Searle, Michael Sawyer, Malcolm Sim, Peter Baghurst, Miranda van Hoof
The difference between hazard and risk in the relation between bone density and fracture
No full textThe original publication can be found at www.springerlink.comThe relation between fracture risk and bone density is frequently defined in terms of a relative hazard derived from the Cox proportional hazards model. The relative hazard is a multiplicative factor representing the rise in hazard for each standard deviation fall in bone mineral density, which has a typical value of about 1.5. It is not generally appreciated that this hazard may only be equated with absolute risk when risk is very low; at higher risk and over long periods, it is inappropriate to apply a multiplicative factor to absolute risk because risk has a range of 0-1 and cannot exceed unity. Here, we show how “hazard” can be converted to risk and how misleading the current practice of equating relative hazards with relative risks can be.B. E. Christopher Nordin, Peter A. Baghurst and Andrew Metcalf
Menstrual and reproductive factors and pancreatic cancer in the search program of the IARC
No full textWe conducted a population-based case-control study on the relation of menstrual and reproductive factors and hormone use with pancreatic cancer risk among female participants of the SEARCH program study. We evaluated 367 cases of ductal adenocarcinoma and 821 controls for associations between pancreatic cancer and age at menarche, age at menopause, number of pregnancies, exogenous hormone use, and history of gynaecologic surgery. Among directly interviewed and proxy participants, we found a statistically significant association for having age of menarche at 11 years or younger compared with menarche at ages 12-13 years (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-3.1). This result was consistent, but not statistically significant, among three of the four studies analyzed, and when the data were analyzed separately by response status (direct vs. proxy interviews). No other menstrual or reproductive factors were associated with pancreatic cancer risk in this study. In conclusion, earlier age at menarche may be weakly associated with pancreatic cancer, but it seems unlikely that menstrual and reproductive factors play more than only a minor role in pancreatic cancer. Additional analyses in large prospective study populations and in pooled studies may help to clarify remaining inconsistencies
Risk models for benchmarking severe perineal tears during vaginal childbirth: A cross-sectional study of Public Hospitals in South Australia, 2002-08
No full textBackground: The incidence of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears during vaginal childbirth is being increasingly used as an indicator of the safety and quality of maternity health care services. In order to make fair comparisons across hospitals it may be necessary to estimate a probability of severe perineal tears for every woman, taking into account her risk profile. Methods: Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the probabilities of third- and fourth-degree tears (n = 1582; 2.4%) in 65 598 vaginal births in publicly funded hospitals in South Australia, 2002–08. Results: Maternal age ≥25 years, primiparity, instrument assistance, Asian or African ethnicity, shoulder dystocia and increasing birthweight were all identified as factors that are associated with an increased risk of perineal tears. In parous women, episiotomy, with or without instrument assistance, was associated with more tears; but among nulliparous women, episiotomy was associated with significantly fewer tears when forceps assistance was required, and showed little or no association with tearing in vacuum-assisted or unassisted (spontaneous) births. Conclusion: The probabilities of severe perineal tears in first-time mothers giving birth to a term singleton with cephalic presentation, may range from under 1% to over 40%, according to a minimalist model containing only predictors unrelated to clinical management. If instrument assistance and episiotomy are also incorporated into the modelling, the estimated probability of tearing may exceed 50% in high risk individuals. Such variation highlights the need for risk adjustment when comparing hospitals with respect to their incidence of third or fourth degree perineal tears.Peter A. Baghurst, Georgia Antonio
Alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium (PanC4)
No full textBACKGROUND: Heavy alcohol drinking has been related to pancreatic cancer, but the issue is still unsolved. METHODS: To evaluate the role of alcohol consumption in relation to pancreatic cancer, we conducted a pooled analysis of 10 case-control studies (5585 cases and 11,827 controls) participating in the International Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium. We computed pooled odds ratios (ORs) by estimating study-specific ORs adjusted for selected covariates and pooling them using random effects models. RESULTS: Compared with abstainers and occasional drinkers (< 1 drink per day), we observed no association for light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (≤ 4 drinks per day) and pancreatic cancer risk; however, associations were above unity for higher consumption levels (OR = 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.2 for subjects drinking ≥ 9 drinks per day). Results did not change substantially when we evaluated associations by tobacco smoking status, or when we excluded participants who reported a history of pancreatitis, or participants whose data were based upon proxy responses. Further, no notable differences in pooled risk estimates emerged across strata of sex, age, race, study type, and study area. CONCLUSION: This collaborative-pooled analysis provides additional evidence for a positive association between heavy alcohol consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer.E. Lucenteforte, C. La Vecchia, D. Silverman, G. M. Petersen, P. M. Bracci, B. T. Ji, C. Bosetti, D. Li, S. Gallinger, A. B. Miller, H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, R. Talamini, J. Polesel, P. Ghadirian, P. A. Baghurst, W. Zatonski, E. Fontham, W. R. Bamlet, E. A. Holly, Y. T. Gao, E. Negri, M. Hassan, M. Cotterchio, J. Su, P. Maisonneuve, P. Boffetta, and E. J. Duel
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