1,722,645 research outputs found
Kinins
No full textThis handbook of kinin biology and biochemistry covers the current knowledgeof kinins, a family of peptides involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recent publications have shown that the kinin system is highly relevant in a variety of disease states such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and traumatic injuries. Furthermore, the first drug targeting system has just been approved for clinical use. The goal of this book is to provide advanced students and researchers a basic understanding of the kinin system and its role within the various organ systems. The authors of this book are experts in their fields, including a Nobel Laureate
Nanoparticle Internalization Promotes the Survival of Primary Macrophages
No full textFinal published version.Macrophages, a class of tissue resident innate immune cells, are responsible forsequestering foreign objects through the process of phagocytosis, making them apromising target for immune modulation via particulate engineering. Herein, it isreported that nanoparticle (NP) dosing and cellular internalization via phago-cytosis significantly enhance survival of ex vivo cultures of primary bone marrow-derived, alveolar, and peritoneal macrophages over particle-free controls. Theenhanced survival is attributed to suppression of caspase-dependent apoptosisand is linked to phagocytosis and lysosomal signaling. Uniquely, poly(ethyleneglycol)-based NP treatment extends cell viability in the absence of macrophagepolarization and enhances expression of prosurvival B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)protein in macrophages following multiple routes of in vivo administration. Theenhanced survival phenomenon is also applicable to NPs of alternative chem-istries, indicating the potential universality of this phenomenon with relevantdrug delivery particles. Thesefindings provide a framework for extending thelifespan of primary macrophages ex vivo for drug screening, vaccine studies,and cell therapies and have implications for in vivo particulate immune-engineering applications.University of Delaware, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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