1,721,060 research outputs found
Dataset for a combined kinematic and kinetic analysis at the residuum/socket interface of a knee-disarticulation amputee
No full textDataset supports
Tang, Jinghua; Mcgrath, Michael; Hale, Nicholas; Jiang, Liudi; Bader, Daniel; Laszczak, Piotr; Moser, David; Zahedi, Saeed / A combined kinematic and kinetic analysis at the residuum/socket interface of a knee-disarticulation amputee.
In: Medical Engineering & Physics
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A modified evaluation of spacer fabric and airflow technologies for controlling microclimate at the loaded support interface
No full textThe microclimate between an individual and their support surface can have a significant effect on skin health. Recently, healthcare companies have developed mattress systems designed to regulate the temperature and humidity at the individual-support surface interface, which include spacer fabric materials and active airflow systems. However, to date, there has been little formal evaluation of their performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate mattress systems using an established lab-based approach.A physical model tank was applied to each support surface, filled with 20 L of water maintained at 37°C. A continuous network of perforated plastic tubing deposited water equivalent to a sweat rate of 1.5 mL/min for 25 minutes. Humidity and temperature sensors, stitched onto the thin cotton sheet,monitored the interface conditions for a total of 24 hours. Tests were conducted using a range of support surfaces incorporating spacer fabrics, with and without active airflow and ventilated covers.The results from this study revealed that spacer fabric appears to dissipate heat more effectively than viscoelastic foam (Heat Flux 33.6W/m2 vs. 10.4 W/m2). With no active airflow the viscoelastic foam and spacer fabric exhibited a limited reduction in relative humidity at the interface. However, withactive airflow, the spacer fabric had the ability to reduce relative humidity over time to basal levels through moisture vapour transfer (MVTR) capability. This represented a change from saturation (99% RH) to ambient humidity (40%) over a 24 hour period (water vapour transfer rate = 0.9 g/m²;hr).Further parametric testing is required to evaluate the optimal combinations of spacer fabric material and active airflow systems
The relationship between the mechanical properties and structure of adult human articular cartilage
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D180491 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Technologies to monitor the health of loaded skin tissues
No full textThere are many situations where the skin and underlying soft tissues are compromised by mechanical loading in the form or pressure, or pressure in combination with shear. If sustained, this can lead to damage in the tissues particularly adjacent to bony prominences, resulting in chronic wounds. An array of bioengineering technologies have been adopted to assess the integrity of loaded soft tissues. This paper aims to review these approaches for the quantification, simulation and early detection of mechanically-induced skin damage. The review considers different measurements at the interface between the skin and support surface/medical device, involving pressure, shear, friction and the local microclimate. The potential of the techniques to monitor the physiological response of the skin to these external stimuli including biophysical measurement devices and sampling of biofluids are critically analysed. In addition, it includes an analysis of medical imaging technologies and computational modelling to provide a means by which tissue deformation can be quantified and thresholds for tissue damage defined. Bioengineering measurement and imaging technologies have provided an insight into the temporal status of loaded skin. Despite the advances in technology, to date, the translation to clinical tools which are robust and cost effective has been limited. There is a need to adapt existing technologies and simulation platforms to enable patients, carers and clinicians to employ appropriate intervention strategies to minimise soft tissue damage
A 3D registration methodology to evaluate the goodness of fit at the individual-respiratory mask interface
No full textRespiratory masks are used to deliver non-invasive ventilation for cardiorespiratory pathologies. Masks must minimize skin tissue compression while maintaining a seal at the interface. Ill- fitting masks or those applied too tightly are implicated in pressure ulcer formation. This study aimed to analyse respiratory mask goodness of fit in a cohort of face shapes. A number of parameters were identified and analysed with a novel registration protocol. In the majority of cases, mask indentation exceeded the thickness of the interface material and significant gapping was observed. The size range was most appropriate for males, with only one size suitable for females
The influence of incontinence pads moisture at the loaded skin interface
No full textAim: prolonged mechanical loading on soft tissues adjacent to bony prominences can lead to pressure ulcers. The presence of moisture at the skin interface will lower the tolerance to load. Absorbent pads manage moisture in individuals with incontinence, although their role in maintaining skin health is unknown. The present study investigated the effects of moist incontinence pads on skin physiology after periods of mechanical loading.Material and methods: twelve healthy participants were recruited to evaluate a single incontinence pad design under three moisture conditions: 0% (dry), 50% and 100% fluid capacity. For each pad condition, pressure (9 kPa) or pressure in combination with shear (3 N) was applied to the sacrum, followed by a period of off-loading. Measures included trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and inflammatory biomarkers sampled at the skin interface.Results: results revealed no change in TEWL in the loaded dry pad condition. By contrast, when the pads contained moisture, significant increases in TEWL were observed. These increases were reversed during off-loading. Inflammatory biomarkers, specifically IL-1α/total protein ratio, were up-regulated during dry pad loading, which recovered during off-loading. Loaded moist pads caused a significant increase in biomarkers, which remained elevated throughout the test period.Conclusion: the study revealed a marked compromise to stratum corneum integrity when the skin was exposed to moist incontinence pads in combination with mechanical loads. These physiological changes were largely reversed during off-loading. Incontinence pads provided some protection in the dry state, although more research is required to determine optimal clinical guidance for their use
A multidisciplinary approach to pressure ulcer prevention: exploring healthcare professionals’ knowledge and attitudes to pressure ulcer prevention in the community
No full textPenile compression clamps: a model of the internal mechanical state of penile soft tissues
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