1,720,982 research outputs found
Don’t sleep on identity: Longitudinal associations between identity and sleep quality in adolescents with different cultural backgrounds
No full textIdentity processes are intertwined with adolescents’ well-being; thus, it is likely that they are also reciprocally linked to their sleep quality. This longitudinal study—conducted in Italy—aimed to unravel how identity processes (i.e. commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) in two domains (i.e. educational and interpersonal) were associated with sleep quality both subjectively (i.e. sleep/wake cycle problems) and objectively (i.e. sleep duration and efficiency) measured in 1396 adolescents (Mage = 15.73, SDage = 1.23, 49.93% females) with different cultural backgrounds. Results revealed that commitment and in-depth exploration play a role in enhancing sleep quality, unlike reconsideration of commitment. Multigroup analyses showed a negative effect of reconsideration of commitment in the educational domain that was particularly strong for adolescents with a migrant background. These findings have important practical implications, informing interventions and clinical practice aimed at improving adolescents’ sleep quality and fostering their identity formation
Embedded in Contexts: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations Between Contextual Factors and Sleep
Full text linkDramatic changes in sleep duration, schedules, and quality put adolescents at higher risk of negative outcomes, such as poorer physical and psychosocial adjustment. While significant attention has been paid to the role of proximal contexts (e.g., family), less is known about the longitudinal interplay between exo- (e.g., neighborhood characteristics) and macro-contextual (e.g., ethnic/racial discrimination) influences and adolescents’ sleep quality. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize findings from available longitudinal research to understand the role of structural factors and experiences in the distal contexts of development in influencing sleep quality in adolescence. A total of 10 studies were included in this systematic review. The results highlighted the detrimental consequences of structural factors and experiences at the exo- and macro-systems for adolescents’ sleep duration, quality, and disturbances. Specifically, neighborhood economic deprivation, ethnic/racial minority status, community violence and victimization, and ethnic/racial discrimination were all linked to significantly lower sleep quality. Overall, this review highlighted the need for more longitudinal and multi-method studies addressing sleep quality as embedded in contexts and the reciprocal influences among the multiple layers of adolescents’ development
A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on the interplay between sleep, mental health, and positive well-being in adolescents
Full text linkObjective: This review aimed to summarize longitudinal research about the interplay between sleep, mental
health, and positive well-being in adolescents.
Method: Multiple search strategies were applied until 28th January 2023 to identify relevant research published
in peer-reviewed journal articles or available grey literature. A final set of 63 studies were included in the
systematic review and 42 in the meta-analysis.
Results: Results highlighted that long sleep duration, good sleep quality, and low insomnia symptoms were
bidirectionally related to lower internalizing (Sleep T1 → Internalizing symptoms T2: r = -.20, p < .001;
Internalizing symptoms T1 → Sleep T2: r = -.21, p < .001) and externalizing (Sleep T1 → Externalizing symptoms
T2: r = -.15, p < .001; Externalizing symptoms T1→ Sleep T2: r = -.17, p < .001) symptoms, and to higher levels
of psychological well-being (Sleep T1 → Psychological well-being T2: r = .15, p < .001; Psychological well-being
T1 → Sleep T2: r = .15, p < .05). Moreover, good sleep was positively related to higher subjective well-being at a
later time point (r = .18, p < .001).
Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest a bidirectional relation between different aspects of sleep, mental
health, and positive well-bein
Body image and body dissatisfaction in binge eating: a comparison between implicit and explicit measures
No full textBinge Eating Disorder (BED) ischaracterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by a sense of lack of control over eating and associated with unpleasant feelings and marked distress (DSM-5, APA, 2013). BED is frequently associated to obesity (de Zwaan, 2001). Binge eating symptoms or behaviors (i.e. the experience of binge eating episodes without fulfilling BED criteria) are more common than the full syndrome (Siqueira ET AL., 2004; Spitzer et al., 1992). Body dissatisfaction and overvaluation of weight and shape are known risk factors for both binge eating and BED (Mitchison et al., 2017). Body dissatisfaction, i.e. the negative evaluation of one’s body, is often measured as the difference between the current and the ideal silhouettes chosen among a series of 9 (Gleaves et al., 2000). Overvaluation of weight and shape is a concept that includes both global negative evaluations of one’s body and the perceptions, cognitions and emotions regarding one’s own weight and figure and their influence on self-esteem and self-worth (e.g. Lewer et al., 2017). Notwithstanding the central role of body dissatisfaction and overvaluation of weight and shape also in binge eating, misperception of body size in BED and binge eating behavior has been widely neglected so far. However, a recent review (Lewer et al., 2017) evidence that a few studies show that individuals with BED rate their body shape rather accurately. The presentation will address these topics presenting also results of a study examining implicit and explicit assessment of body image and body dissatisfaction in a sample of 39 participants (age M= 23,9 ± 3,74) divided in two groups based on binge eatingsymptomatology. Data were obtained throughmultiple measures:a Body Image Task (BIT) assessing implicit body image, an analogic scale assessing explicit body image and body dissatisfaction, actual participants’ anthropometric measures, objectively taken by researchers
Sleep Is a Family Affair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies on the Interplay between Adolescents’ Sleep and Family Factors
Full text linkFamily is one of the primary socialization contexts influencing adolescents’ psychological health. In this regard, a crucial indicator of adolescents’ health is their sleep quality. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how multiple family factors (i.e., demographic and relational) are intertwined with adolescents’ sleep quality. For this reason, this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to comprehensively summarize and integrate previous longitudinal research investigating the reciprocal relation between demographics (e.g., family structure) and positive (e.g., family support) and negative (e.g., family chaos) relational family factors and adolescents’ sleep quality. Several search strategies were applied, and a final set of 23 longitudinal studies that matched the eligibility criteria were included in this review. The total number of participants was 38,010, with an average age at baseline of 14.7 years (SD = 1.6, range: 11–18 years). On the one hand, the meta-analytic results showed that demographic factors (e.g., low socio-economic status) were not related to adolescents’ sleep quality at a later time point. On the other hand, positive and negative family relational factors were positively and negatively related to adolescents’ sleep, respectively. Furthermore, the results suggested that this association could be bidirectional. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed
The Social Side of Sleep: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations between Peer Relationships and Sleep Quality
Full text linkIn adolescence, peer relationships become crucial since youths start to rely on their peers for support. Thus, multiple facets of adolescents’ well-being are affected by their peer relationships. In this vein, one of the central well-being aspects that could be affected by the peer relationships of adolescents is sleep quality. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how multiple peer relationship factors (i.e., positive, negative, emotional, and behavioral issues related to peer relationships) are intertwined with adolescents’ sleep quality. For this reason, this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to summarize longitudinal studies to uncover how the interplay between peer relationship factors and adolescents’ sleep quality unfolds over time. Nineteen longitudinal studies involving a total of 21,232 adolescents were included. Overall, findings from this review showed that (a) positive peer relationships and sleep quality were not associated over time; (b) negative peer relationships and sleep quality were bidirectionally associated over time; (c) few studies evaluated the bidirectional relations between emotional and behavioral issues and sleep quality, showing links with sleep schedule and duration, but not with sleep quality. Meta-analytic results were discussed, considering their implications
Sleep Well, Study Well: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies on the Interplay between Sleep and School Experience in Adolescence
Full text linkAdolescents spend most of their daily time in school and performing school-related activities. Different aspects of their school experiences, such as school performance, psychological factors related to school, and structural factors, consistently impact adolescents’ health and are likely to be intertwined with their sleep (i.e., quantity and quality, sleep disturbances). This systematic review aimed to comprehensively summarize the reciprocal and longitudinal associations between adolescents’ sleep and multiple aspects of their school experience. Using multiple search strategies and applying a two-step selection process, 25 journal articles matched the eligibility criteria and were thus included in the review. The results highlighted the contribution of poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances in predicting longitudinal school experiences-related outcomes (i.e., decreasing school engagement and performance, and increasing school-related burnout, absenteeism, and bullying). At the same time, the results showed how experiences related to the school’s psychological factors (e.g., high levels of school burnout and stressful environment) and structural characteristics (e.g., early school entrance time) affect youth sleep over time (i.e., decreasing sleep quality and quantity). These main findings provided novel insights into the bidirectional relationship between school experience and sleep health, highlighting the importance of more longitudinal research investigating all aspects of healthy sleep, including the size and direction of the association
External Validity of the Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents: an Actigraphic Study
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to examine the external validity of the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires for Children and Adolescents, using circadian motor activity, assessed through actigraphy, as an external criterion. Overall, 458 participants (269 females), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 15.75 (1.16) years, took part in this study. Each adolescent was requested to wear the actigraph Micro Motionlogger Watch actigraph (Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc., Ardlsey, NY, USA) around the non-dominant wrist for 1 week. At the end of the actigraphic recording, participants completed the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires for Children and Adolescents. We extracted the motor activity counts, minute-by-minute over the 24 h, to depict the 24-h motor activity pattern, and we adopted the statistical framework of functional linear modelling to examine its changes according to chronotype. According to the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires for Children and Adolescents cut-off scores, 13.97% of participants (n = 64) belonged to the evening-types category, 9.39% (n = 43) to morning-types, while the remaining (76.64%, n = 351) to the intermediate-types category. Evening types moved significantly more than the intermediate and morning types from around 10:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m., while the opposite pattern of results was observed around 4:00 a.m. The results highlighted a significant difference in the 24-h motor activity pattern between chronotypes, in line with the expectations based on their well-known behaviour. Therefore, this study shows that the external validity of the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, established by considering motor activity (recorded through actigraphy) as an external criterion, is satisfactory
Dissecting circadian and homeostatic processes in adolescents: An actigraphic study
Full text linkThe present work used actigraphy to ecologically analyze the roles of circadian and homeostatic processes during the wake-sleep and sleep-wake transitions in adolescents. Four hundred and forty-three adolescents (15.6 ± 1.2 mean age; 45.1 % females) were enrolled in the research and wore an actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for at least three nights. We extracted the minute-by-minute motor activity counts across the wake-sleep transition to depict the motor wake inertia as modulated by the total of the previous wake hour (homeostatic process) or by the time of day of the bedtime (circadian process). The same was done for the sleep-wake transition to analyze whether motor sleep inertia is modulated primarily by the previous total sleep time or by the time of awakening. We performed the Functional Linear Modelling statistical framework in addition to the usual parametric statistics. Overall, results indicate a more substantial role of the homeostatic process in comparison to the circadian process during the wake-sleep transition, while results are less clear for the sleep-wake transition. The findings underscore the importance of ecologically studying the transition phases between wakefulness and sleep, as well as sleep and wakefulness, through actigraphy. To formulate new guidelines aimed at enhancing sleep quality during adolescence, further research is essential. For instance, it would be beneficial to explore how this pattern of outcomes may differ across the lifespan
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