1,721,269 research outputs found
Climate change mitigation with renewable energy: Geothermal
Full text linkOn a global scale, there is increasing evidence that climate is changing and of a discernible human influence. Many of scientists are confident that if current emissions of greenhouse gases continue, the world will be warmer, sea levels will rise and regional climate patterns will change. According to some scientist, global temperatures are expected to rise faster over the next century than over any time during the last 10,000 years. From this token, geothermal energy is now considered to be one of the most important alternative energy sources to minimize climate change. Geothermal technologies for power generation or direct use operate with little or no greenhouse gas emissions. Geothermal energy is generally accepted as being an environmentally-friendly energy source, particularly when compared to fossil fuel energy sources. Geothermal resources have long been used for direct heat extraction for district urban heating, industrial processing, domestic water and space heating, leisure and balneotherapy applications. Geothermal energy is used in more than 80 countries for direct heat application and 24 countries for power generation. Re-injection of fluids maintains a constant pressure in the reservoir, thus increasing the field's life and reducing concerns about environmental impacts. Geothermal energy has several significant characteristics that make it suitable for climate change mitigation
Naturally occurring arsenic in geothermal systems in Turkey
No full text7th International Congress and Exhibition on Arsenic in the Environment (As) - Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World -- JUL 01-06, 2018 -- Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, BeijingHuman beings have been benefiting from geothermal energy for different uses since the dawn of the civilization in many parts of the world. One of the earliest uses of geothermal energy was for heating and was used extensively by Romans in Turkey, where is an area of complex geology with active tectonics and high geothermal potential. The highest concentrations of naturally occurring aqueous arsenic (As) are found in certain types of geothermal waters, which are generally related to faults and alteration zone. The especially volcanic activity led to the delineation of wide-ranging areas of alteration within mineral assemblages, from advanced argillic type to silica type to prophylitic type at deep levels. The advanced argillic alteration zones are typified by enrichment of sulfur in volcanic rocks that have been dominant in the geological formation of Turkey and the primary mechanism for the presence of numerous trace elements in earth's crust, including but not limited to arsenic. Also, secondary epithermal gypsum has a high concentration of As in the form of realgar and orpiment along the fracture zones of metamorphic and carbonate aquifers. The temperature of geothermal fluid ranges from 40 to 295 degrees C in Turkey. The high arsenic concentrations in geothermal resources have been detected in different part of Turkey from 1 to 6000 mu g L-1 in geothermal fluids
Thermal fluid circulation around the Karliova triple junction: Geochemical features and volcano-tectonic implications (Eastern Turkey)
Full text linkThe Karlıova triple junction (KTJ) in eastern Turkey has been subjected to incremental deformation resulting in complex kinematic and mechanical interactions throughout the upper crust. These interactions have generated tectonic inversions and uplift, extensive seismicity and volcanism. The regional tectonics generate local stresses, some of which are favorable to magma transport and thermal water circulation throughout the lithosphere. Here we evalauate hydrogeochemical, geological and numerical results relating to the mechanism of thermal fluid circulation around the KTJ. Hydrogeochemistry of the samples indicates that the thermal water springs are probably heated by steam. Volcanic rocks at the site appear to be the host rock owing to the enrichment of Na+ and Cl− ions in water and the abundance of these elements in minerals of the volcanic rocks. In addition, it is clear that the thermal fluids are sourced from depth and migrate through permeable networks of faults. The effects of crustal heterogeneities, in particular the geometry and mechanical properties of many faults and layers, on thermal fluid circulation in relation to active magma chambers were investigated under a variety of different mechanical conditions. The numerical results indicate very close relationships between the stress field causing faulting and thermal fluid movement in the KTJ. The effect of thermal transfer was modeled with depth throughout the crust and along the the crustal surface. The models show that some faults encourage thermal fluid circulation below the Varto and Özenç volcanoes. Hydrogeochemical, geological and numerical results suggest that magmas residing beneath both the Varto caldera and the Özenç volcano are the main heat source for thermal fluid in the Varto region. Fluid-solid interactions and fluid circulation models show that the permeable faults are important factors affecting heat transport and fluid circulation. In a series of thermal fluid flow models we probe the mechanism for fluid and gas transport from the 900 °C ‘hot’ zone around the deep magma chambers and investigate how heat is lost throughout the crust on the way to the surface and so eventually creates water channels of temperatures between 50 to 60 °C
Water quality and its effect on human health
Full text link71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018Su yeryüzünde yaşayan tüm canlılar için yaşamsal değeri olan bir maddedir. Yüzyıllar boyunca
medeniyetin beşiği olarak adlandırılan bölgeler su havzalarının yakınında kurulmuş, yani
suyun hayat verdiği topraklarda gelişmişlerdir. Su, tüm canlılar için fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarının
talep ettiği miktarda, güvenli su kaynaklarına ulaşmaları yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri için olmazsa
olmaz bir ön koşuldur. Suyun önemi, yeryüzünde yaşayan insan popülasyonunun son
yüzyıl içerisinde engellenemeyen artışı ve canlıların ihtiyaçları için gerekli olan su kaynaklarının
yetersiz olması ile ilişkili olduğu kadar, var olan su kaynaklarının hem doğal hem de antropojenik
faaliyetlerle tehdit altında olmasında yatmaktadır. Antropojenik kaynaklı tehditler ile
ilgili araştırmalar çok olmasına rağmen, doğal kaynaklı kirleticilerin etkisi ile ilgili çalışmalar
azdır ve ancak son zamanlarda artış göstermiştir. Gerek doğal olsun gerekse antropojenik
kullanımlarına bağlı olsun su kaynaklarında bulunan bazı elementlerin (alüminyum, arsenik,
kurşun ve cıva gibi) belirli sınır değerler üzerinde bulunması canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkiler
oluşturabilmektedir. Bu kirlilik parametreleri özellikle insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir.Water is a precious material for all living beings on earth. Regions that have been called the
cradle of civilizations, which were developed near the water basins where the lands were vitalized
by water, for centuries. They need to access water that is quantitatively and qualitatively
sufficient for their physiological needs. The importance of water not only lies in the fact that
humans had an enormous population growth within the last decade which in turn created very
high demands for water resources but also it is related to the reality that these resources are
under the thread of pollution as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. Although there
have been many studies on anthropogenic threats, only recently there is anincrease in studies
on the impact of naturally occurring pollutants. It has been reported that some of the trace
elements such as aluminum, arsenic, lead and mercury can reach elevated concentrations and
easily mobilized both by the natural and man-made factors. This, of course, will create adverse
effects on living creatures. This contamination especially effects human health
Factors affecting the quality of groundwater resources and its effects in Turkey
Full text link1st International Underground Resources and Energy Conference, 6-8 October 2016, Yozgat, TurkeyMany civilizations have been located along the water basins throughout history.
Civilizations have enabled the survival and growth by these water resources in world. For natural
wealth, the need of water is increase. Therefore, investigation of the water potential, available of
protection, efficient and planned use has begun to supply vital
Factors affecting the quality of groundwater resources and its effects in Turkey
No full text1st International Underground Resources and Energy Conference, 6-8 October 2016, Yozgat, TurkeyMany civilizations have been located along the water basins throughout history.
Civilizations have enabled the survival and growth by these water resources in world. For natural
wealth, the need of water is increase. Therefore, investigation of the water potential, available of
protection, efficient and planned use has begun to supply vital
Water quality and its effect on human health
No full text71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018Su yeryüzünde yaşayan tüm canlılar için yaşamsal değeri olan bir maddedir. Yüzyıllar boyunca
medeniyetin beşiği olarak adlandırılan bölgeler su havzalarının yakınında kurulmuş, yani
suyun hayat verdiği topraklarda gelişmişlerdir. Su, tüm canlılar için fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarının
talep ettiği miktarda, güvenli su kaynaklarına ulaşmaları yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri için olmazsa
olmaz bir ön koşuldur. Suyun önemi, yeryüzünde yaşayan insan popülasyonunun son
yüzyıl içerisinde engellenemeyen artışı ve canlıların ihtiyaçları için gerekli olan su kaynaklarının
yetersiz olması ile ilişkili olduğu kadar, var olan su kaynaklarının hem doğal hem de antropojenik
faaliyetlerle tehdit altında olmasında yatmaktadır. Antropojenik kaynaklı tehditler ile
ilgili araştırmalar çok olmasına rağmen, doğal kaynaklı kirleticilerin etkisi ile ilgili çalışmalar
azdır ve ancak son zamanlarda artış göstermiştir. Gerek doğal olsun gerekse antropojenik
kullanımlarına bağlı olsun su kaynaklarında bulunan bazı elementlerin (alüminyum, arsenik,
kurşun ve cıva gibi) belirli sınır değerler üzerinde bulunması canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkiler
oluşturabilmektedir. Bu kirlilik parametreleri özellikle insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir.Water is a precious material for all living beings on earth. Regions that have been called the
cradle of civilizations, which were developed near the water basins where the lands were vitalized
by water, for centuries. They need to access water that is quantitatively and qualitatively
sufficient for their physiological needs. The importance of water not only lies in the fact that
humans had an enormous population growth within the last decade which in turn created very
high demands for water resources but also it is related to the reality that these resources are
under the thread of pollution as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. Although there
have been many studies on anthropogenic threats, only recently there is anincrease in studies
on the impact of naturally occurring pollutants. It has been reported that some of the trace
elements such as aluminum, arsenic, lead and mercury can reach elevated concentrations and
easily mobilized both by the natural and man-made factors. This, of course, will create adverse
effects on living creatures. This contamination especially effects human health
Application of geothermal energy and its environmental problems in Turkey
Full text linkHuman beings have been benefiting from geothermal energy for different uses since the dawn of the civilisation in many parts of the world. One of the earliest uses of geothermal energy was for heating and it was used extensively by Romans in Turkey. The Aegean region is favoured by a large number of thermal springs known since ancient times. However, it was first in the 20th century that geothermal energy was used on a large scale for direct use and electricity generation. The country's installed heat capacity is 2,705 MWt for direct use and 322.39 MWe for power production. In parallel to developing geothermal energy applications in Turkey, many sites are now experiencing problems such as water contamination associated with geothermal fluid. Especially, the high temperature solution of elements and compounds, causes operational limitations in geothermal power plants. These limitations are due to the severe scaling and corrosion of geothermal fluid. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd
Groundwater contamination and its effect on health in Turkey
Full text linkThe sources of groundwater pollution in Turkey are identified, and pathways of contaminants to groundwater are first described. Then, the effects of groundwater quality on health in Turkey are evaluated. In general, sources of groundwater contamination fall into two main categories: natural and anthropogenic sources. Important sources of natural groundwater pollution in Turkey include geological formations, seawater intrusion, and geothermal fluid(s). The major sources of anthropogenic groundwater contamination are agricultural activities, mining waste, industrial waste, on-site septic tank systems, and pollution from imperfect well constructions. The analysis results revealed that natural contamination due to salt and gypsum are mostly found in Central and Mediterranean regions and arsenic in Aegean region. Geothermal fluids which contain fluoride poses a danger for skeleton, dental, and bone problems, especially in the areas of Denizli, Isparta, and AydIn. Discharges from surface water bodies contaminate groundwater by infiltration. Evidence of such contamination is found in Upper KIzIlIrmak basin, Gediz basin, and Büyük Melen river basin and some drinking water reservoirs in Istanbul. Additionally, seawater intrusion causes groundwater quality problems in coastal regions, especially in the Aegean coast. Industrial wastes are also polluting surface and groundwater in industrialized regions of Turkey. Deterioration of water quality as a result of fertilizers and pesticides is another major problem especially in the regions of Mediterranean, Aegean, Central Anatolia, and Marmara. Abandoned mercury mines in the western regions of Turkey, especially in Çanakkale, Izmir, Muǧla, Kütahya, and BalIkesir, cause serious groundwater quality problems. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
Sustainability of groundwater and its effects on ecosystems
No full textAASA Regional Workshop on “The Roles of Academies of Sciences in Water and Energy Problems in Central Asia and Ways for their Solutions, 30-June 2 July 2011, Bishkek, KirgizstanGroundwater’s global role as a vital source of fresh drinking water is well documented,
and efforts are underway in many parts of the world to manage groundwater reserves
responsibly and sustainably. A large percentage of the world’s population lives in cities and
either depends on or is affected in some way by groundwater. This ever increasing demand on
groundwater has led to overexploitation of the aquifers and degradation of groundwater
quality particularly in the last 50 years. Available evidences indicate that regional changes in
climate (i.e., increases in temperature and reduction in precipitation totals and patterns) have
already affected groundwater resources and ecosystem in many parts of the world. In future,
climate change is expected to intensify groundwater related problems due to reduced recharge
rates and increased demand for domestic, agricultural and industrial water supply. Thus, the
basic concern is the sustainable management of groundwater resources such that it is not
depleted while the increasing demand is effectively satisfied. Based on these fundamentals,
the purpose of this study is to present an overview of groundwater problem in different parts
of the world and to present an overview of the current knowledge in the area of climate
change impacts on water resources. Case studies from the Mediterranean Region, the Caspian
Sea Region and the Aral Sea where safe water resources are typically scarce and became
steadily scarcer are presented. In particular, access to high quality drinking water will become
more of a problem than it currently is in these and in many other parts of the world.
Decreasing precipitation and reduced recharge of groundwater resources are now considered
to be one of the reasons for declining groundwater quality. Finally, these drastic changes in
the hydrology of the groundwater system are also responsible for many changes in ecosystems
where some are irreversible
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