1,721,092 research outputs found
A Comment on the Relation between Diffraction and Entropy
Full text linkBaake M, Grimm U. A Comment on the Relation between Diffraction and Entropy. Entropy. 2012;14(12):856-864.Diffraction methods are used to detect atomic order in solids. While uniquely ergodic systems with pure point diffraction have zero entropy, the relation between diffraction and entropy is not as straightforward in general. In particular, there exist families of homometric systems, which are systems sharing the same diffraction, with varying entropy. We summarise the present state of understanding by several characteristic examples
Characterisation of nuclear localisation signals of the four human core histones
No full textThe four core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 are transported from the cytoplasm into the nucleus by a receptor-mediated and energy-dependent process. This nuclear transport depends on topogenic signals in the individual histone protein sequences. We have analysed such nuclear localisation signals in the core histones by means of fusion proteins consisting of individual core histones (or fragments thereof) and beta -galactosidase as a reporter protein. The results show that each of the four core histones contains several portions that are capable of mediating nuclear transport. One type of topogenic sequences consists of clustered basic amino acids in the amino terminal segments of each of the core histones. The globular portions of the core histones represent a second type of nuclear localisation signals that could only mediate nuclear transport when the whole protein domains were fused to the beta -galactosidase reporter. Fragments of the globular domains derived from each of the four core histones could not serve as nuclear localisation signals. We conclude that the nuclear targeting of core histones requires information conferred by the globular domain conformation. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Uwe Grimm (1963-2021)
Full text linkBaake M, McGrath R, Romer RA. Uwe Grimm (1963-2021). Acta Crystallographica Section A : Foundations and Advances . 2022;78(Pt 1):63-64
On the Notions of Symmetry and Aperiodicity for Delone Sets
Full text linkBaake M, Grimm U. On the Notions of Symmetry and Aperiodicity for Delone Sets. Symmetry. 2012;4(4):566-580.Non-periodic systems have become more important in recent years, both theoretically and practically. Their description via Delone sets requires the extension of many standard concepts of crystallography. Here, we summarise some useful notions of symmetry and aperiodicity, with special focus on the concept of the hull of a Delone set. Our aim is to contribute to a more systematic and consistent use of the different notion
Hexagonal Inflation Tilings and Planar Monotiles
Full text linkBaake M, Gähler F, Grimm U. Hexagonal Inflation Tilings and Planar Monotiles. Symmetry. 2012;4(4):581-602.Aperiodic tilings with a small number of prototiles are of particular interest, both theoretically and for applications in crystallography. In this direction, many people have tried to construct aperiodic tilings that are built from a single prototile with nearest neighbour matching rules, which is then called a monotile. One strand of the search for a planar monotile has focused on hexagonal analogues of Wang tiles. This led to two inflation tilings with interesting structural details. Both possess aperiodic local rules that define hulls with a model set structure. We review them in comparison, and clarify their relation with the classic half-hex tiling. In particular, we formulate various known results in a more comparative way, and augment them with some new results on the geometry and the topology of the underlying tiling spaces
Subunits of the heterotrimeric transcription factor NF-Y are imported into the nucleus by distinct pathways involving importin beta and importin 13
No full textThe transcriptional activator NF-Y is a heterotrimeric complex composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC, which specifically binds the CCAAT consensus present in about 30% of eukaryotic promoters. All three subunits contain evolutionarily conserved core regions, which comprise a histone fold motif (HIM) in the case of NF-YB and NF-YC. Our results of in vitro binding studies and nuclear import assays reveal two different transport mechanisms for NF-Y subunits. While NF-YA is imported by an importin P-mediated pathway, the NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimer is translocated into the nucleus in an importin 13-dependent manner. We define a nonclassical nuclear localization signal (ncNLS) in NF-YA, and mutational analysis indicates that positively charged amino acid residues in the ncNLS are required for nuclear targeting of NF-YA. Importin P binding is restricted to the monomeric, uncomplexed NF-YA subunit. In contrast, the nuclear import of NF-YB and NF-YC requires dimer formation. Only the NF-YB/NF-YC dimer, but not the monomeric components, are recognized by importin 13 and are imported into the nucleus. Importin 13 competes with NF-YA for binding to the NF-YB/NF-YC dimer. Our data suggest that a distinct binding platform derived from the HIM of both subunits, NF-YB/NF-YC, mediates those interactions
Core histones and linker histones are imported into the nucleus by different pathways
No full textHistories are the major structural proteins in eukaryotic chromosomes. This group of small very basic proteins consists of the H1 linker histones and the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Despite their small size, the nuclear import of histones occurs by an active transport mechanism and not simply by diffusion. Histones contain several nuclear localisation signals (NLS) that can be subdivided into two different types of signal structures. We have previously shown that H1 histones are transported by a heterodimeric import receptor complex consisting of importin beta and importin 7, and we now describe the receptors required for the import of the core histones. Competition experiments using the in vitro transport assay indicate that the import pathway of the core histones differs from that of the linker histones and of nuclear proteins with classical NLS. In vitro binding assays show that each of the import receptors importin beta, importin 5, importin 7 and transportin, has the capacity to bind to any of the four core histones. Reconstitution experiments with recombinant factors indicate that each of these factors can independently serve as an import receptor for each of the core histones
Dynamical Properties of k-Free Lattice Points
No full textHuck C, Baake M. Dynamical Properties of k-Free Lattice Points. Acta Physica Polonica A. 2014;126(2):482-485.We revisit the visible points of a lattice in Euclidean n-space together with their generalisations, the k-th-power-free points of a lattice, and study the corresponding dynamical system that arises via the closure of the lattice translation orbit. Our analysis extends previous results obtained by Sarnak and by Cellarosi and Sinai for the special case of square-free integers and sheds new light on previous joint work with Peter Pleasants
- …
