169,781 research outputs found

    Il ruolo dei finanziamenti agevolati per lo sviluppo delle piccole e medie imprese.

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    Si analizza il ruolo dei finanziamenti agevolati nello sviluppo delle PMI. In particolare si fa riferimento all'esperienza della Regione Molise come verifica empirica nel contesto italian

    Analysis of protein kinase C requirement for exocytosis in permeabilized rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells: a GTP-binding protein(s) as a potential target for protein kinase C

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    The role of protein kinase C in calcium-dependent exocytosis was investigated in permeabilized rat basophilic leukaemia cells. When protein kinase C was down-regulated by phorbol myristate acetate (1 microM for 3-6 h) or inhibited by pharmacological agents such as calphostin C (1 microM) or a protein kinase C-specific pseudo-substrate peptide inhibitor (100-200 microM), cells lost the ability to secrete in response to 10 microM free Ca2+. In contrast, a short treatment (15 min) with phorbol myristate acetate, which maximally activates protein kinase C, potentiated the effects of calcium. Biochemical analysis of protein kinase C-deprived cells indicated that loss of the Ca(2+)-induced secretory response correlated with disappearance of protein kinase C-alpha. In addition, at the concentrations effective for exocytosis, calcium caused translocation of protein kinase C-alpha to the membrane fraction and stimulated phospholipase C, suggesting that, in permeabilized cells, protein kinase C can be activated by calcium through generation of the phospholipase C metabolite diacylglycerol. The delta, epsilon and zeta Ca(2+)-independent protein kinase C isoenzymes were insensitive to phorbol myristate acetate-induced down-regulation and did not, as expected, translocate to the particulate fraction in response to calcium. Interestingly, secretory competence was restored in cells depleted of protein kinase C or in which protein kinase C itself was inhibited by non-hydrolysable GTP analogues, but not by GTP, suggesting that protein kinase C might regulate the ability of a G protein(s) directly controlling the exocytotic machinery to be activated by endogenous GTP

    Granulosa cell-oocyte interactions: the phosphorylation of specific proteins in mouse oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage is dependent upon the differentiative state of companion somatic cells.

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    The role of granulosa cells in the regulation of mouse ovarian oocyte metabolism was investigated. Fully grown antral oocytes, isolated from surrounding cumulus cells, were cultured on monolayers of preantral granulosa cells in the presence of dbcAMP to prevent the resumption of meiosis. Under these conditions metabolic cooperativity was established between the two cell types as early as 1 hr after seeding. Moreover, cocultured oocytes phosphorylated two polypeptides of 74 and 21 kDa which are normally phosphorylated in follicle-enclosed growing oocytes but not in cumulus cell-enclosed fully grown oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage. When cocultured oocytes were allowed to resume meiosis, the 74 and 21 kDa proteins were synthesized but no longer phosphorylated even though intercellular coupling between the two cell types was maintained during radiolabeling. It appears therefore: a) that the different protein kinase activity of growing and fully grown germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes is related to the differentiative state of granulosa cells, and b) that the regulation of oocyte protein phosphorylation activity by granulosa cells is dependent on the meiotic stage of the oocyte

    Communicating global warming: the framing effect of climate change in shaping attitudes and behaviors

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    Reinforced by the 5th International Panel of Climate Change report, tackle with climate change is one of the major and urgent challenges for modern and industrialized societies. In order to engage the public with climate change, persuasive communication and effective awareness raising activities are required. Climate communication represents an important field of study for social sciences. Particularly, the research has focused on the ways by which the media communicate, and consequently frame, climate change. Empirical evidences (among them: Nisbet, 2009) showed the adoption of eight recurrent frames: scientific certainty; scientific controversy; catastrophic and dramatic consequences; political issue and matter of struggle among groups; opportunity for social progress; problem for economic competitiveness; opportunity for economic competitiveness; moral and ethical issue. Drawing on the value-beliefs-norms model of environmental commitment (Stern, Dietz, Abel, Guagnano, & Kalof, 1999; Stern, Dietz, & Kalof, 1993), and the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Madden, 1986), the research proposal aims to investigate how media frames on climate change may affect: environmental beliefs and institutional trust, attitudes, norms and intentions concerning ecological behaviors. On the basis of previous framing studies on climate change, a deductive content analysis on Italian TV news will be performed. Therefore, we’ll use a pretest-posttest experimental design in order to examine the effects of climate change framing on the abovementioned variables. From content analysis we’ll select eight representative video messages, one for each frame, which constitute the experimental conditions. To participants will be asked to complete a pre-test questionnaire, which consists of the following measures: Environmental Beliefs, using the revised New Ecological Paradigm scale (Dunlap, 2008). Institutional Trust, asking to participants to rate how much trust they have in political governments, scientists, environmental organizations and media. Attitudes, social and personal norms related to nine significant carbon-reduction behaviors (DEFRA, 2008). Pro-environmental behavioral habits and behavioral intentions related to the same behaviors. Socio-demographic data and political orientation. Some week later participants will be assigned randomly to view one of the eight video message conditions, and to a control group with no video message, asking them, after the video message, to complete the same questionnaire administered in the pre-test phase. Thus, it will be possible to run an analysis within and between subjects, in order to verify the presence of significant effects for each frame, and the existence of significant differences among the effects of climate frames on the dependent variables. References Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of experimental social psychology, 22(5), 453-474. DEFRA. (2008). A Framework For Pro-Environmental Behaviours. London: DEFRA. Dunlap, R. E. (2008). The new environmental paradigm scale: From marginality to worldwide use. Journal of Environmental Education, 40, 3-18. Nisbet, M. C. (2009). Communicating climate change: Why frames matter for public engagement. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 51(2), 12-23. Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T. D., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human ecology review, 6(2), 81. Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Kalof, L. (1993). Value orientations, gender, and environmental concern. Environment and behavior, 25(5), 322-348
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